Nintendo Entertainment System emulators

Nintendo Entertainment System/Family Computer

Top: NES Control Deck (with detachable controllers) Bottom: Family Computer ("Famicom") main unit (with hardwired controllers)
Developer	Nintendo R&D2
Manufacturer	Nintendo
Type	Home video game console
Generation	Third
Release date	JP: July 15, 1983 NA: October 18, 1985 EU: September 1, 1986 UK/IRE/ITA/AU: 1987 KR: 1989 BRA/ZA: 1993
Discontinued	NA/EU/AU: August 14, 1995 JP: September 25, 2003
Predecessor	Color TV-Game
Successor	Super Famicom/Super NES
Emulated	✓

For emulators that run on the Nintendo Entertainment System, see Emulators on NES.

The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit, third-generation console originally released as the Family Computer or Famicom, in Japan, on July 15, 1983. The Famicom retailed for 14800 yen. The console would be redesigned as the NES and released on October 18, 1985 in North America. The NES retailed for $179.99 ($539 in 2026). It had a Ricoh 2A03 CPU at 1.79 MHz with 2 KB of RAM.

The earliest games released on the Famicom suffered from significant hardware constraints due to the way the Famicom was designed: limited memory addressing (which meant games had a small maximum ROM size), how the graphics were loaded onscreen, just the native sound processing was available, no saving… To solve this problem, Nintendo came up with two solutions:

• The Family Computer Disk System (FDS). A Japan-only add-on that played games from a semi-custom variant of Mitsumi's Quick Disk format. It offered slightly higher data storage and slightly enhanced sound processing. There were plans to release it in the US; however, since the NES had its launch delayed to late 1985, and in the meantime the disks had turned out to be too piracy-prone, the add-on was never exported, and some of its exclusives were ported as regular cartridge releases.
• Memory Management Controllers (MMC), also known colloquially as mappers. They solved every aforementioned problem with bank switching for much more data, onboard FM audio chips, and much more. Most games released after 1986 that really pushed the system to its limits used mappers. A similar solution was used for the Game Boy.

Emulation for the Famicom/NES is robust, with many high-quality emulators for various systems and cycle-accurate emulation possible on even moderately powerful devices.

Emulators

Like for Game Boy/Color, tons of NES emulators exist. For a list of open-source projects, see this GitHub query.

Name	Platform(s)	Latest version	Hardware Variants	Enhancements	Hardware features and accessories	Mappers Support Level	Accuracy	License	Active	Recommended
x86
Mesen		Dev builds libretro core (obsolete)	~	✓	✓	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv3 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
puNES		WIP builds 0.111	~	✓	✓	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
Nestopia UE		libretro core 1.99.0 Nestopia JG git	~	~	✓	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
ares		git Artifacts v148	~	~	~	Unlicensed	Cycle	ISC (Permissive)	✓	✓
FCEUX		2.6.6 libretro (FCEUmm)	~	~	✓	Unlicensed	High	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	~
BizHawk (QuickNES)(NESHawk)		Dev Builds 2.11.1	~	?	~	?	? (Core dependent)	MIT GPL	✓	~
Nintendulator/NRS		2024-09-09 0.985 Beta	~	?	~	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	~
3dSen		1.1	✗	~	✗	Only for selected titles	Game dependent	Proprietary	✓	~
MAME		git artifacts 0.289 libretro core	✓	~	~	Unlicensed	?	GPLv2 BSD-3-Clause	✓	✗
QuickNES		libretro core 0.7.0b1 (legacy)	~	~	~	?	?	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	~	✗
BeesNES		git	✗	~	✗	?*	Subcycle	MIT (Permissive)	✓	✗ (WIP)
breakNES		2.2	✗	?	✗	?*	Gate-level	CC0 1.0 (Public domain equivalent)	✓	✗ (WIP)
MetalNES		git	✗	✗	✗	?	Transistor-level	MIT (Permissive)	✗	✗
nintaco		2023-12-08	~	✗	?	Unlicensed	Cycle	LGPLv2.1 (Copyleft)	✗	✗
ANESE		0.9.1	?	~	~	?	?	MIT (Permissive)	~	✗
iNES		6.1	~	✗	~	?	?	?	✓	✗
HDNes		git	?	~*	?	?	?	?	✓	✗
FinalBurn Neo		libretro core WIP builds	✗	✗	~	Unlicensed	High	Non-commercial	✓	✗
higan (火眼) byuu (謬/view)		v110	?	✗	~	?	Cycle	GPLv3 (Copyleft)	✗	✗
VirtuaNES		0.97	?	?	?	?	Low	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✗	✗
nemulator		6.0	?	?	?	?	Medium	Proprietary	✓	✗
Nesemu		1.5.85	?	?	?	?	?	MIT (Permissive)	✓	✗
HalfNES		062	?	?	?	?	?	GPLv3 (Copyleft)	✗	✗
Jnes		1.2.1	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	✗
NESticle		x.xx (DOS) 0.42 (Win9x)	?	?	✗	?	Low	Proprietary	✗	✗
RockNES		5.80	?	?	?	?	High	Proprietary	✗	✗
RetroCopy		0.960 1.00 Beta 5				?	Cycle	Proprietary	✗	✗
rew.		rew12stx	?	✗	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	✗
ARM
Nestopia_libretro		libretro core	~	~	~	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
FCEUmm_libretro		libretro core	~	~	~	Unlicensed	High	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
NES.emu		1.5.82git (Android) 1.5.46.02 (Pyra)	?	?	?	Unlicensed	?	GPLv3 (Copyleft) (Android only)	✓	✓
Mesen		libretro core (obsolete)	?	✓	✓	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv3 (Copyleft)	~	~
FreeiNES		6.1.4 (Android) 3.6.5 (Maemo) 3.6 (Symbian)	?	~*	?	?	?	Proprietary	✓	~
VGBANext		6.6.6	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✓	~
GPFCE		0.81.0.r2 (Pandora) 0.4 r313 (GP2X) 0.4+ (Wiz)	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	~
vNES		1.7 (S60v3)git 1.2alt	?	?	?	?	?	GPLv3 (Copyleft)	✗	~
Nostalgia.NES		2.0.9	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	~
John NESS		1.09	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✓	✗
Jnes		1.2.6.26	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	~	✗
nesemu		0.2.3 Beta Preview (Pandora)V1 (Wiz) 0.2 (Dingoo)	?	?	?	?	?	BSD-3-Clause (Permissive)	✗	✗
Nestopia		V2	?	?	?	?	Cycle	Proprietary	✗	✗
Nesemu		git	?	?	?	?	?	MIT (Permissive)	✓	✗
Nescaline		git	?	?	?	?	?	?	✗	✗
Pocket Nester+		0.9	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	✗
8-Bit Wonders		0.8 (F-Droid) 0.8 (Play) 0.8 (Amazon) git	?	?	?	?	?	AGPLv1 (Copyleft)	✓	roadmap
Consoles
Nestopia		libretro core	~	~	~	Unlicensed	Cycle	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
QuickNES		libretro core	~	~	~	?	?	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	~	✓
FCEUmm		libretro core	~	~	~	Unlicensed	High	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
FCE Ultra GX		[https://github.com/dborth/fceugx/releases This page is a candidate for deletion. The reason is: "duplicate template" If you disagree with the candidate, explain why at the talk page or improve the page and remove the {{delete}} tag. Remember to check for any active links to the page and its history before deleting. ]	?	?	~	Unlicensed	High	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✓
pNES		git	?	?	~	?	?	GPLv3 (Copyleft)	✓	~
FCEUltra for PS2		0.9.3 0.90i Mod	?	?	?	?	High	Proprietary	~	~
Neon64		git	?	?	?	?	?	ISC (Permissive)	✓	~
nesDS		1.3a	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	~	~
PocketNES		7-1-2013	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	~
Nintendo Switch Online (L-CLASSICS)		6.9.0	?	~	?	?	High	Proprietary	✓	~
Virtual Console		N/A	?	?	?	Official	?	Proprietary	✗	~
NES Remix (Heritage)		HeriC	✗	✗	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	~
VirtuaNES for 3DS		git	?	?	?	?	Low	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✗	✓
NESBox		v4	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✓	✗
Mega Everdrive Pro		N/A	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✓	~
NesterJ		1.13 beta 2 AoEX	?	?	?	?	?	GPLv2 (Copyleft)	✗	✗
imbNES		1.3.4	?	?	?	?	?	?	✗	✗
Project Nested		git	?	?	?	?	?	MIT (Permissive)	✗	✗
NeMul		1.0	?	?	?	?	?	Proprietary	✗	✗
FC Emulator		0.10 (Net Yaroze) 0.00 (SFC) 0.03 (WonderSwan) 0.02 (Game Boy)	?	?	?	?	?	?	✗	✗
NES Emulator for Game Boy Color		2009	?	?	?	?	?	?	✗	✗
Calculator
numworks-nofrendo		git	?	?	?	?	?	LGPLv2 (Copyleft)	✓	✗
NESpire		0.30 git (tangrs-mod)	?	✗	?	?	?	?	✗	~
NESizm		1.00	?	✗	?	?	?	MIT (Permissive)	?	~

Comparisons

• Mesen is a cycle-accurate NES emulator. Also, it is very user-friendly and supports lots of enhancements, hardware features and accessories, variants and mappers that other emulators are missing. It also supports goodmerged. Latest versions can be used standalone or with .NET 8, or .NET 6. This is the most compatible NES emulator of the cycle-accurate variety.

• puNES is another cycle-accurate NES/FDS emulator. It is deemed as the second most compatible NES emulator of the cycle-accurate variety.

• Nestopia also is a cycle-accurate NES/FDS emulator. Nestopia has issues with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles and doesn't display the status bar in Mickey's Safari in Letterland correctly (among other problems). Nestopia Undead Edition (Nestopia UE) is a fork of Nestopia meant to keep it alive and fix the aforementioned bugs, which is generally recommended over vanilla. Even the libretro core for Nestopia is the Undead Edition version.

• ares is a cycle-accurate NES/FDS multi-system emulator. NES core is just about on par with Mesen in terms of accuracy, but Mesen still has more unlicensed/aftermarket mapper support. Both the APU and PPU pretty much pass all known tests at this point, and the entire licensed library runs as intended with no known glitches, which moves ares into the forefront of accurate NES emulators now.

• FCEUX is a highly-accurate NES/FDS emulator, and it supports lots of unlicensed mappers, on top of this it is a recommended emulator on TAS Videos. The New PPU implementation is more accurate than the Old PPU implementation. The emulator is handy; thanks to its robust Lua scripting and incorporating FCEUmm into its feature set. Included with BizHawk as NESHawk.

• Nintendulator also is a cycle-accurate NES/FDS emulator. NintendulatorNRS is a fork of Nintendulator that supports the Famicom Disk System, rare mappers, VRT chipsets, and many unlicensed and bootleg carts and systems.

• BeesNES is aiming for subcycle accuracy. Currently, it is a work-in-progress, but it is already including enhancements like; NTSC-CRT, debugger, disassembler, assembler and various TAS features.

• breakNES is aiming for gate-level accuracy. Currently, it is a work-in-progress and requires .NET 6.

• MetalNES is aiming for transistor-level accuracy; however, it is no longer in development.

• Nintaco simulates rare peripherals like R.O.B., the U-Force infrared distance sensor controller, and the Miracle Piano.

• For official emulation, there is Nintendo's own Nintendo Switch Online and now-discontinued Virtual Console. The Switch and Wii have a significantly larger library of NES games to choose from than the 3DS or Wii U, especially from third-party publishers.

There are many other NES emulators not listed here, as the NES has more emulators than any other system (new ones are started all the time). Only those that are well-known or stand out in some ways are covered here.

Mappers

A key difference between many emulators nowadays is how many mappers they support.

• No mapper: Supported on every emulator, even official Nintendo emulators.
• Official mappers (UNROM, AOROM, MMC1-6): Most emulators, as well as Nintendo's Virtual Console (but not their GBA emulators), will cover these.
• Third-party mappers (Various: e.g., Konami's VRC6/VRC7) While officially licensed by Nintendo, they weren't allowed outside Japan. As a result, for their Western releases, many games that took advantage of their features (advanced ROM mapping, extra sound channels) were reprogrammed significantly and shipped on the official mappers, often with simplified soundtracks. A lot of fan emulators worth their salt will cover these. With those, you cover the entire officially licensed library.
• Unlicensed mappers: Mostly used by pirate cartridges, often long past the console's official commercial lifespan. Only the most active and recommended emulators will even bother covering them in a whack-a-mole quest for every new one discovered to this very day. If you're not interested in unlicensed Chinese or Russian bootlegs or newer unofficial NES demakes, it isn't a problem.

The NES ROM information isn't enough to describe the cartridge and emulate it, so emulators have to include the layout and behavior of these mappers in their code. At the same time, the ROM header tells the emulator which mapper to choose. So unlike with other consoles, no matter how accurate a given NES emulator will get, it will still never be able to run newly discovered ROM dumps from cartridges that used a so-far unknown mapper. Thus, Unlicensed NES support will be inevitably incomplete and a constant work-in-progress, hence claims some emulators are "inaccurate."

Related to this issue: This is why most emulators won't run unheadered NES ROMs. Newer versions of Nestopia can open those, but they're handled in a slightly different way: the information that would have been included in the iNES header is instead provided in emulator configuration files that get summoned as long as the ROM's hash matches exactly the No-Intro dump of that given game (which is inconvenient for ROM hacks).

Enhancements

Name		Mesen	FCEUX	puNES	Nestopia UE	ares	QuickNES	MAME	BeesNES	breakNES	MetalNES	Nintendo Switch Online (L-CLASSICS)
Graphics	Resizable Internal Resolution	For emulation of 2D systems, the resolution can only be upscaled, making the pixels more visible.
	Widescreen hack Using wideNES technique (similar to wideGB); it can automatically “map-out” levels and worlds in NES games.	Exclusive to ANESE emulator at the moment.
	Sprite Replacement	✓*	✗	✓	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Remove sprite limit The NES can normally only draw up to 8 sprites per line – this limitation is indirectly responsible for some flickering seen in games at times. When this option is enabled, the limit is disabled, allowing up to 64 sprites to be drawn on the same line.	✓*	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Performance	Overclock	✓*	✓	✓								✗
TAS features	Macros/Scripts/Lua	✓*	✓	✗				✓*
	Rewind	✓*	✗	✓			✓					✓
	Fast-Forward/Turbo Speed	✓*	✓	✓			✓
	Savestates	✓	✓	✓			✓					✓
	Movie recording/playback	✓*	✓	✓					✗	✗	✗
Post-Processing	Filters	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	?	✓
	AI-powered filter compatible (Freestyle)	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Shader Chain	~	~	~	✗		✓	~
	Inverse tone mapping compatible	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Quality of life	Pause/Resume Emulation	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	?	?	?	?
	Per-Game Profiles	✓*	?	✓	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Command Line Options	✓*	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Built-in mod editor and manager	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Built-in Cheat Manager	✓*	?	✓	?	✓*	✓	✓	?	?	?	?
	Built-in Patch Manager	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Built-in Custom resolution/CRTSwitchRes For using this on Windows OS you need CRT Emudriver. Another option is using EDID editor tool such as "Custom Resolution Utility".	Exclusive to libretro cores and GroovyMAME at the moment. Also, there is a project for achieving software emulators like libretro cores and GroovyMAME send the raw RGB data over a network to a core running on MiSTer, it basically turns the MiSTer into a GPU for the emulator allowing for easy setup and use with CRT TVs/Arcade monitors.
	Streamable compression format	✓*	?	?	?	?	✓	✓	?	?	?	?
	Automatic Updater	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Portable and Stealth Useful enhancement feature for non-personal computer use or plug-and-play scenarios. However, it still requires necessary prerequisites and dependencies for your operating system.	✓	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
	Big Picture Mode	~	~	~	~	✗	✓	✓				✓
Controls	Input lag-mitigating technique	✓*					✓		?	?	?
	Turbo button	✓
Misc	Netplay	✓*	✓	✗	✓	✗	✓	✗	?	?	?	✓
	AI Service With the help of OCR and other techniques, the AI service can provide a live translation of a game, or text-to-speech capabilities for the visually impaired among other things, either on demand or automatically.	Exclusive to libretro cores at the moment.
	EmuVR support	Exclusive to libretro cores at the moment.
	RetroAchievements	~	~	✗	~	roadmap	✓	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Debug features	✓*	✓	✗	?	?	✗	✓*	?	?	?	✗

Hardware features and accessories

Name		Mesen	puNES	Nestopia UE	ares	FCEUmm
Action Replay		?	?	?	?	?
Aladdin Deck Enhancer		?	?	?	?	?
Arkanoid Paddle		✓	?	?	?	?
ASCII Turbo File		✓	?	?	?	?
Barcode Battler		?	?	?	?	?
Battle Box		✓	?	?	?	?
Cartridge Hot Swapping		?	?	?	?	?
Cartridge Tilting		?	?	?	?	?
Copy, Cut & Paste for Family BASIC		?	?	?	?	?
Data Recorder		✓	?	?	?	?
Datach Card		✓	?	?	?	?
Demo Vision		?	?	?	?	?
Exciting Boxing		✓	?	?	?	?
Famicom P2 Controller Microphone		✓	?	?	?	✗
Family BASIC		✓	?	?	?	?
Family Computer 3D System		?	?	?	?	?
Family Computer Disk System		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Family Computer Network System		✓	?	?	?	?
Game Genie		?	?	?	?	?
Hypershot Lightgun		✓	?	?	?	?
Hypershot Pad		✓	?	?	?	?
Mahjong		?	?	?	?	?
Miracle Piano		?	?	?	?	?
Multitap		✓	?	?	?	?
NES Zapper		✓	?	?	?	✓
Network Controller		?	?	?	?	?
Oeka Kids Tablet		✓	?	?	?	?
Pachinko		✓	?	?	?	?
Partytap		✓	?	?	?	?
Power Pad/Family Trainer/Family Fun Fitness sides A & B		✓	?	?	?	?
Pro Action Rocky		?	?	?	?	?
SNES Controller		✓	?	?	?	?
SNES Mouse		✓	?	?	?	?
Soft Reset and Hard Reset		?	?	?	?	?
Top Rider		?	?	?	?	?
Trackball		✓	?	?	?	?
Virtual Boy Controller		✓	?	?	?	?
WideBoy		?	?	?	?	?

There were many accessories released for the Famicom and NES but Emulation in General only covers accessories that are truly differentiated data streams from the basic controller. For example, the Power Glove is, in actuality, just a really complicated NES controller designed to convert motion into button inputs. The same goes for R.O.B. and his Stack-up and Gyromite games because he was really just the second player. Strangely, the Famicom has a lot more peripheral hardware to emulate than the NES. However, Nestopia UE surprisingly supports the Power Glove.

Arkanoid Paddle

Supported games:

• Arkanoid
• Arkanoid: Revenge of Doh
• Chase H.Q.

ASCII Turbo File

Supported games:

• Downtown Nekketsu Monogatari
• Haja no Fūin
• Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord
• Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds

Data Recorder

Supported games:

• Arkanoid II
• Castle Excellent
• Excitebike
• Family BASIC
• Family BASIC V3
• Lode Runner
• Mach Rider
• Nuts & Milk
• Wrecking Crew

Famicom P2 Controller Microphone

Supported games:

• Atlantis no Nazo
• Bakushou!! Jinsei Gekijou
• Bakushou!! Jinsei Gekijou 2
• Doraemon
• Family BASIC V3
• The Hyrule Fantasy: Legend of Zelda
• Kaiketsu Yanchamaru
• Kamen Rider Club: Gekitotsu Shocker Land
• Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror
• Star Luster
• Star Soldier
• Super Chinese 2
• Takeshi's Challenge

Family Computer 3D System

Supported games:

• Attack Animal Gakuen
• Cosmic Epsilon
• Falsion
• Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally
• Fuuun Shourin Ken: Ankoku no Maou
• Highway Star
• JJ: Tobidase Daisakusen Part II

Multitap

Supported titles:

• Games:
  • Bomber Man II (J)
  • Bomberman II (U)
  • Downtown Nekketsu Koushinkyoku: Soreyuke Daiundoukai
  • Gauntlet II
  • Greg Norman's Golf Power
  • Harlem Globetrotters
  • Ike Ike! Nekketsu Hockey Bu: Subette Koronde Dai Rantou
  • Indy Heat
  • Kings of the Beach
  • Kunio-kun no Nekketsu Soccer League
  • M.U.L.E.
  • Magic Johnson's Fast Break
  • Millionaire (Sachen)
  • Moero TwinBee: Cinnamon-hakase o Sukue!
  • Monster Truck Rally
  • Nekketsu Kakutou Densetsu
  • Nekketsu Koukou Dodge Ball Bu
  • Nekketsu Street Basket: Ganbare Dunk Heroes
  • NES Play Action Football
  • A Nightmare on Elm Street
  • Nintendo World Cup (U)
  • R.C. Pro-Am II
  • Rackets and Rivals
  • Roundball: 2-on-2 Challenge
  • Smash T.V. (twin-stick for 2 players)
  • Spot
  • Super Jeopardy!
  • Super Off Road
  • Super Spike V'Ball
  • Swords and Serpents
  • Top Players' Tennis
  • U.S. Championship V'Ball
  • Wit's
• Homebrew games:
  • Double Action Blaster Guys becomes Quadruple Action Blaster Guys when Four Score is connected (NES)
  • Micro Mages (NES and Famicom)
  • NESert Golfing (NES and Famicom)
  • Spacey McRacey (NES)
  • Super PakPak (NES and Famicom)
• Tech demos:
  • Eighty (NES and Famicom)
  • allpads (NES and Famicom)
• Hacks:
  • Battle City - 4 Players v1.3 Ti (NES and Famicom)
  • Battle City Mario - 4 players v1.0 NesDraug (NES and Famicom)
  • Battletoads - 4 players v2.2 NakeuD2007 (emulator only)
  • Battletoads & Double Dragon - 4 players v0.9 NakeuD2007 (emulator only)
  • Super Dodge Ball - 4 Player Hack v1.00 akatranslations (Famicom)

NES Zapper

Supported games:

• The Adventures of Bayou Billy
• Barker Bill's Trick Shooting
• Day Dreamin' Davey
• Duck Hunt
• Freedom Force
• Gotcha! The Sport!
• Gumshoe
• Hogan's Alley
• The Hunt for Red October
• Laser Invasion
• The Lone Ranger
• Mechanized Attack
• Operation Wolf
• Shooting Range
• To the Earth
• Track & Field II
• Wild Gunman

Power Pad/Family Trainer/Family Fun Fitness

Supported games:

• Athletic World
• Dance Aerobics
• World Class Track Meet

SNES Controller

Supported games:

• Full Quiet
• Nova the Squirrel
• Spook-O'-Tron

Virtual Boy Controller

Supported games:

• Candelabra - Estoscerro
• Spook-O'-Tron

Hardware variants

PlayChoice-10

MAME is the only emulator that properly emulating the PlayChoice-10 system at the moment, most of the NES emulators only play the PlayChoice-10 games as a normal NES game.

VS. System

An arcade system based on the NES released for the US. It was released in two different cabinet variations: Vs. UniSystem and Vs. DualSystem. The latter has double chipsets on the PCB and is capable of handling two different programs or simply two separate copies of a single program simultaneously.

Most emulators support games in Vs. UniSystem cabinet by setting up different DIP switches. But only the MAME, Mesen, NintendulatorNRS, puNES and nintaco are suitable for games in Vs. DualSystem cabinet. For commercial emulation, Hamster re-released several VS. System games from Nintendo and Konami as part of their Arcade Archives series (the former being exclusive to Nintendo Switch, the latter being also on PS4).

Since most VS. System games have palettes that differ from the standard RGB NES palette, ROMs made with VS. The System, which is accidentally played in the emulator's NES mode (or vice versa), will cause the colors to be totally garbled. This can occur when there is an issue with the emulator's configuration or the ROM's iNES header.

These emulators only supports UniSystem cabinet: nestopia UE, FCEumm and FCEUX, BizHawk, FinalBurn Neo

Famicom Box

Also re-released later as Sharp's FamicomStation. The hybrid NES/Famicom arcade box Nintendo Famicom Box is a bulky metal cube with a slot to insert money and secured with tons of locks. The hotel would set the amount of time you could play on one token and choose the available games. You can see it in action in season 18 of Game Center CX. It was distributed in select hotels and stores and can hold up to 15 select Famicom releases at once. It had many more hardware lockout chips and pins with different behavior than usual (it also only supported cartridges using memory mapper 0). Sports a unique boot screen for both models released.

Both the Famicombox and the Famicomstation are emulated by MAME, and all of their games have been dumped

Dendy

A pirate NES Famicom clone sold in Russia and Eastern Europe with the blueprint later reused for other Famiclones. Here isa link to a CC-subtitled Kinaman video for more details. It is a very quirky NTSC NES optimized for 50 Hertz, with many other changes from the official PAL NES as well. Though these differences often break the compatibility of Dendy-specific releases on most emulators.

MAME/MESS supports this console, and some other emulators (such as Mesen, puNES, and FCEUX) have introduced support for it, as well as support for iNES 2.0 ROM headers (including the option to mark a ROM region as PAL Dendy). The cartridges themselves can still be played as long as the emulator supports broken carts.

VTxx

VTxx is a series of NOAC (Nintendo-On-A-Chip, a kind of chip that contains all the components of a Famicom/NES) chips that implemented multiple changes and enhancements compared to regular NES, manufactured by V.R Technology.

Differences between VTxx series chips and regular NES could be checked on NesDev Wiki.

VTxx is often used in those low-quality, plug and play consoles or keyboard-shaped, so-called educational computers.

V.R Technology provides an emulator called EmuVT as official development and debugging tool, which supports the emulation of multiple VTxx series chips. It seems to be modded out of an old emulator called NNNesterJ.

NES Classic Edition

Main article: wikipedia:NES Classic Edition

The NES Classic Edition is a mini console that emulates the experience of the Nintendo Entertainment System. It includes 30 classic NES games and is compatible with the Wii Classic Controller and NES Classic Edition controller. Nintendo produced and sold about 2.3 million NES Classic Editions from November 2016 through April 2017, with shipments selling out nearly immediately. In April 2017, Nintendo announced they were discontinuing the product, leading to consumer confusion and incidents of greatly increased pricing among private sellers. Due to the demand for the NES Classic and the success of the Super NES Classic Edition console, Nintendo re-introduced the NES Classic on June 29, 2018. Production was discontinued again in December 2018.

Emulation issues

QD FDS support

Games dumped off the Famicom Disk System come into two major types:

• .fds format: Most common format. Ubiquitous in ROM sets (GoodSets, No-Intro). Omits some checksum data.
• .qd format (stands for QuickDisk): Only ever used in official Nintendo re-releases. Almost identical to FDS, except QD is a full dump with checksum data. May omit padding.

The checksum data in question would be checked at BIOS startup to verify the integrity of the image and whether it was tampered with, in which case it will throw an anti-piracy error. puNES added QD support in v0.111. As of now, no other NES emulators support the alternate, more complete dumps and fudging that check's result to always return a negative. To emulate a .qd image with those, stripping the checksum data with a custom script is needed.

Overscan

Main article: Overscan

Example of faulty visuals that are exposed when no overscan is cropped. Note the blank blue area to the left and the green garbage on the right. On NTSC CRT TVs, these areas may or may not be visible

Several NES games need their overscan to be cropped to look proper. Unfortunately, there is no standard level of overcropping. Many games require different levels for the best results. For example, Super Mario Bros. 3 requires quite a bit of cropping. However, the same level of cropping will obscure the letters of the status bar in Castlevania games.

Color palette

Main article: Famicom color palette

Unlike consoles such as the SNES, which natively generate their image in pure RGB, the Famicom normally generates and outputs an encoded NTSC video signal. This must then be decoded by the TV's built-in NTSC decoder, which means the resulting color palette often varies depending on the display's decoder. For this reason, NES games will appear to have different colors on different TV sets. To properly emulate this part of the NES experience, many Famicom emulators have a variety of different palettes to choose from.

The Wii and Wii U versions of Virtual Console use extremely dark color palettes. This is apparently not an accuracy issue, but rather an anti-epilepsy measure. For the Nintendo Switch Online service, the games were directly edited to remove seizure-inducing patterns, allowing it to use a normal palette.

Resources

• Nesdev Wiki - A place for all your NES programming/NES emulator programming needs.
• Nesdev Forum - Discussion of NES Wii Virtual Console accuracy.
• Rec0deD:88 - Play a NES emulator.
• Copetti - NES Architecture (A practical analysis by Rodrigo Copetti).
• NES / FAMICOM - NES Games Online
• Arcade / Consoles - Arcade, NES, SNES, SEGA32X, PSX, N64, NDS…
• SNES - SNES online emulator
• Mega Drive / Genesis - Sega Mega Drive games
• MSDOS Games Play DOS games with js-dos

References

Nintendo(edit)

• Consoles: Color TV-Game • Nintendo Entertainment System (Family Computer) • Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super Family Computer) • Nintendo 64 • GameCube • Wii • Wii U • Nintendo Switch • Nintendo Switch 2
• Handhelds: Game & Watch • Game Boy/Color • Virtual Boy • Pokémon Mini • Game Boy Advance • Nintendo DS • Nintendo DSi • Nintendo 3DS
• Arcade: Aleck 64 • Namco ES3 • Triforce
• Related: Family Computer Disk System • Satellaview • 64DD • Super Game Boy • e-Reader • Amiibo