Difference between revisions of "POS (Pong Consoles) CPUs and Other Chips"

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{{WIP}}
+
Emulation of common chips is a big part of emulating consoles and computers, this page covers all these well known parts.
  
−
Emulation of common chips is a big part of emulating consoles and computers, this page covers all these well known parts
+
=x86 CPUs=
 +
:''This part is about software that emulate x86 CPUs, '''and also other related PC parts'''.
 +
The PC platform is an open architecture system that IBM initially designed in 1980. IBM's PC 5150 is the progenitor (though in no way representative of iterative designs like the desktops and laptops you may be familiar with today).
  
 +
The history of the PC is comprehensive, but a good summary is that almost every component of the 5150 was <abbr title="existing tech IBM neither made in-house or signed an exclusivity agreement on">off-the-shelf</abbr>. IBM hoped that if clones popped up, they could sue them for using the firmware in the BIOS, which they had [[Licensing|copyright]] over as established by [[wikipedia:Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Franklin_Computer_Corp.|a lawsuit between Apple and Franklin]].<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/423653/apple-computer-inc-a-california-corporation-v-franklin-computer/ Apple v. Franklin. (1983)</ref> However, [[wikipedia:Phoenix_Technologies|Phoenix]] designed a clean-room replacement firmware based solely on IBM's own public documentation.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Bwng8NJ5fesC&pg=PA56 Phoenix Says Its BIOS May Foil IBM's Lawsuits. PC Mag. (1984)</ref> As a result, IBM never challenged clones that used it and promptly lost control over the platform.{{Cite}} Intel would later take up the next major iteration in 1995, called ATX.
 +
 +
Sometime in the 90s, a speedup was found in PC emulation that could run software near-natively; this became the basis for [[hypervisors]], which are different from conventional emulators listed here since they require the host architecture to be at the very least x86-compatible.
 +
 +
{{main|PC Emulator Comparisons}}
 +
:See also [[:Category:x86-based]] for other x86 based systems software emulation or [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators|Windows XP/Vista]] and [[Windows_95/98/ME_emulators|Windows 9x]] for virtualization of these operating systems.
 +
 +
=68k CPUs=
 +
:[[Wikipedia:Motorola_68000]]
 +
See [[:Category:68000-based]] page for m68k-based systems software emulation.
 +
 +
=PPC CPUs=
 +
:[[Wikipedia:PowerPC]]
 +
See [[:Category:PowerPC-based]] page for PPC-based systems software emulation.
 +
 +
=ARM CPUs=
 +
:[[Wikipedia:ARM_architecture_family]]
 +
See [[:Category:ARM-based]] page for ARM-based systems software emulation.
 +
 +
=MIPS CPUs=
 +
:[[Wikipedia:MIPS_architecture]]
 +
See [[:Category:MIPS-based]] page for MIPS-based systems software emulation.
 +
 +
=8-bit CPUs=
 +
*See [[:Category:Z80-based]] page for Z80-based systems software emulation.
 +
*See [[:Category:6502-based]] page for 6502-based systems software emulation.
 +
 +
=SOC's (System On A Chip)=
 +
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
 +
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
 +
! Model
 +
! Manufacturer
 +
! [[MAME]] support
 +
! Emulators / Description
 +
!
 +
|-
 +
|[https://bootleggames.fandom.com/wiki/Elan Elan]
 +
|Unknown
 +
|style="background:skyblue;"|Decent
 +
|Designed and Manufactured by an unknown Chinese or Taiwanese company, Elan is one of the older [[wikipedia:System on a chip|SOC]] still used in Chinese products, dating back to around the late 90s to early 2000s. Elan is usually used in bootleg or original plug and play games / systems.
 +
|-
 +
|SPG243
 +
|Sunplus
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|SPG250
 +
|Sunplus
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|SPG288
 +
|Sunplus
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|SPG289
 +
|Sunplus
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|SPG293
 +
|Sunplus
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|VT01
 +
|V.R. Technology
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|NOAC (NES-On-A-Chip) with the ability to drive an STN display directly using a modified palette.
 +
|-
 +
|VT02
 +
|V.R. Technology
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|NOAC (NES-On-A-Chip) with major enhancements compared to regular NES. [https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/VTxx#VT02 What's new]
 +
|-
 +
|VT09
 +
|V.R. Technology
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|NOAC (NES-On-A-Chip), a low-cost replacement for VT03.
 +
|-
 +
|VT168
 +
|V.R. Technology
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|A MOS6502-based SoC inspired by the NES but unlike NOACs, major differences made it no longer fully backward compatible with NES.
 +
|-
 +
|VT268
 +
|V.R. Technology
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Enhanced VT168.
 +
|-
 +
|VT368
 +
|V.R. Technology
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
=CPU's & MP's (Microprocessors)=
 +
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
 +
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
 +
! Model
 +
! Manufacturer
 +
! Year
 +
! [[MAME]] support
 +
! Emulators / Description
 +
!
 +
|-
 +
|80286
 +
|Intel
 +
|1982
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The 80286 CPU was released on February 1, 1982, with a clock speed of 4 MHz, but it soon changed to 6 MHz. After that, it had a max clock speed of 25 MHz.
 +
|-
 +
|386DX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1985
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The 386DX CPU was released in October of 1985 with a clock speed of 12 MHz. The max clock speed was 33 MHz. The 386DX was supposed to be introduced<br> at 16 MHz, but they had to settle for 12 MHz for technical reasons
 +
|-
 +
|386SX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1988
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The 386SX was released in 1988 and was intended for lower-cost home PCs. It has the same clock speeds as the 386DX.
 +
|-
 +
|4004
 +
|Intel
 +
|1971
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The first commercially produced microprocessor.
 +
|-
 +
|4040
 +
|Intel
 +
|1974
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|6800
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1974
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|68008
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1979
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|68010
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1982
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Pin-compatible with the 68000, but not 100% software compatible.
 +
|-
 +
|68012
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1985
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|68020
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1984
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|32-bit internal and external data and address buses, and natively 32-bit ALU.
 +
|-
 +
|68030
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1987
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|68020 with a memory management unit (MMU) and instruction and data caches of 256 bytes each.
 +
|-
 +
|68040
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1990
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|First 680x0 family member with an on-chip Floating-Point Unit (FPU).
 +
|-
 +
|68060
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1994
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Last product in 680x0 family.
 +
|-
 +
|8008
 +
|Intel
 +
|1972
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|80186
 +
|Intel
 +
|1982
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|80188
 +
|Intel
 +
|1982
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|80286
 +
|Intel
 +
|1982
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|First x86 processor with memory management and wide protection abilities.
 +
|-
 +
|80376
 +
|Intel
 +
|1989
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|80386
 +
|Intel
 +
|1985
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|First 32-bit x86 processor.
 +
|-
 +
|80386DX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1988
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The same as original 80386, just renamed.
 +
|-
 +
|80386EX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1994
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|80386SL
 +
|Intel
 +
|1990
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Power efficient version of 80386 for laptops.
 +
|-
 +
|80386SX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1988
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Cut down version of 80386 with 16-bit data bus.
 +
|-
 +
|8080
 +
|Intel
 +
|1974
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8085
 +
|Intel
 +
|1977
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8086
 +
|Intel
 +
|1978
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The 8086 CPU was released on June 8, 1978, at 5 MHz and had a max clock speed of 10 MHz. It was also the beginning of the x86 architecture.
 +
|-
 +
|8086-1
 +
|Intel
 +
|1978
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|After the original launch, Intel released the 8086-1, which had a clock speed of 10MHz.
 +
|-
 +
|8086-2
 +
|Intel
 +
|1980
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|In May/June of 1980, the 8086-2 at 8 MHz was released.
 +
|-
 +
|8086-4
 +
|Intel
 +
|1978
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The 8086-4 CPU came after the 8086-2 CPU, completely skipping 8086-3; it was clocked at 4 MHz.
 +
|-
 +
|8088
 +
|Intel
 +
|1979
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The 8088 CPU was released on July 1, 1979, and had a default clock speed of 4.77 MHz and a max clock speed of 10 MHz.
 +
|-
 +
|AM2900
 +
|AMD
 +
|1975
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|AM29000
 +
|AMD
 +
|1975
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|COP400
 +
|National Semiconductor
 +
|1975
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|i386SL
 +
|Intel
 +
|1990
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The i386SL was released for use in portable computers and had a clock speed of 20 MHz. Its max clock speed is 25 MHz.
 +
|-
 +
|i486
 +
|Intel
 +
|1989
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|First x86 chip to include more than one million transistors.
 +
|-
 +
|i486DX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1989
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The original i486 without clock multiplier.
 +
|-
 +
|i486GX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1994
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Embedded ultra-low-power CPU with all features of the i486SX and 16-bit external data bus.
 +
|-
 +
|i486SL
 +
|Intel
 +
|1992
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|Low-power version of the i486DX, for laptops.
 +
|-
 +
|i486SX
 +
|Intel
 +
|1991
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|i486 without FPU.
 +
|-
 +
|I8086
 +
|Intel
 +
|1980
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|The last 8086 CPU released was the I8086 in May/June of 1980.
 +
|-
 +
|Itanium 2
 +
|Intel/HP
 +
|2002
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|IA-64 instruction set simulator [http://ski.sourceforge.net/] [https://github.com/trofi/ski], executable toolkit [http://www.irisa.fr/caps/projects/ArchiCompil/iato/]
 +
|-
 +
|MC14500B
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1977
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|MC88100
 +
|Motorola
 +
|1988
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|[[Pentium]]
 +
|Intel
 +
|1993 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_(original) Original]) <br>  1995 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture) P6]) <br> 1997 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set) MMX])
 +
|NA
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|[[PIC]]
 +
|General Instrument \ Microchip
 +
|1975
 +
|NA
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|[[PowerPC]]
 +
|AIM Alliance
 +
|1993
 +
|NA
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|[[RISC]]
 +
|IBM
 +
|1975
 +
|NA
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|TMS1000
 +
|Texas Instruments
 +
|1974
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Z80
 +
|Zilog
 +
|1976
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Z8000
 +
|Zilog
 +
|1979
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Z80000
 +
|Zilog
 +
|1986
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
</div>
  
 
= Pong Consoles (Pong In A Chip) =
 
= Pong Consoles (Pong In A Chip) =
−
Popular for a few years during the 70s, they came in many kinds of cases, controls and under many brands but all used a POC (Pong In A Chip) and because of this, we emulate the chips, not individual systems
+
Popular for a few years during the 70s, they came in many kinds of cases, controls, and under many brands but all used a POC (Pong In A Chip) which are chips that contain all and only essential components to run the game of Pong and their variations. And because of this, these chips are emulated rather than individual systems.
  
−
 
+
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
−
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:Left;"
+
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
−
|+  style="background: #ECECEC;"|
+
! scope="col"|Model
−
! scope="col"|Modal
 
 
! scope="col"|Year
 
! scope="col"|Year
 
! scope="col"|Manufacturer
 
! scope="col"|Manufacturer
 
! scope="col"|Games/Modes
 
! scope="col"|Games/Modes
 
! scope="col"|[[MAME]] support
 
! scope="col"|[[MAME]] support
 +
! scope="col"|Other support
 +
! scope="col"|Latest version
 
! scope="col"|ROMs
 
! scope="col"|ROMs
 
! scope="col"|Description
 
! scope="col"|Description
 +
!
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3659-1C/C2566
 
|3659-1C/C2566
 
|1975
 
|1975
 
|Atari
 
|Atari
−
|Pong (Two Player)  
+
|Pong (Two Player)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|Pong Consoles Simulation
 +
|[https://github.com/ThomasVisvader/Pong git]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 29: Line 449:
 
|1975
 
|1975
 
|Atari
 
|Atari
−
|Pong (Four Player)  
+
|Pong (Four Player)
 +
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 39: Line 461:
 
|Pong (Four Modes) <br /> Light Gun (Two Modes)
 
|Pong (Four Modes) <br /> Light Gun (Two Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|WinArcadia / AmiArcadia and Pong Consoles Simulation
 +
|[http://amigan.1emu.net/releases/#amiarcadia {{WinArcadiaVer}}] [https://github.com/ThomasVisvader/Pong git]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 47: Line 471:
 
|NA
 
|NA
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|WinArcadia / AmiArcadia
 +
|[http://amigan.1emu.net/releases/#amiarcadia {{WinArcadiaVer}}]
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Improved version of the AY-3-8500, games are now in colour
 
|-
 
|-
 
|AY-3-8512
 
|AY-3-8512
Line 55: Line 481:
 
|NA
 
|NA
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|WinArcadia / AmiArcadia
 +
|[http://amigan.1emu.net/releases/#amiarcadia {{WinArcadiaVer}}]
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Improved version of the AY-3-8510.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|AY-3-8550
 
|AY-3-8550
Line 63: Line 491:
 
|NA
 
|NA
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|WinArcadia / AmiArcadia
 +
|[http://amigan.1emu.net/releases/#amiarcadia {{WinArcadiaVer}}]
 
|
 
|
 
|Improved AY-3-8500 with horizontal player motion
 
|Improved AY-3-8500 with horizontal player motion
Line 71: Line 501:
 
|Pong (Eight Modes)
 
|Pong (Eight Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|WinArcadia / AmiArcadia
 +
|[http://amigan.1emu.net/releases/#amiarcadia {{WinArcadiaVer}}]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 79: Line 511:
 
||Combat Squares <br /> Racing Squares <br />  Shooting Squares <br /> Jungle Games (Two Modes)
 
||Combat Squares <br /> Racing Squares <br />  Shooting Squares <br /> Jungle Games (Two Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|There is a possibly that this chip was never released
 
|There is a possibly that this chip was never released
Line 87: Line 521:
 
|Volleyball <br /> Protection <br /> Hazard
 
|Volleyball <br /> Protection <br /> Hazard
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|There is a possibly that this chip was never released
 
|There is a possibly that this chip was never released
Line 95: Line 531:
 
|Racing (Two Modes)
 
|Racing (Two Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 104: Line 541:
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This game is made for two players  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This game is made for two players
 
|-
 
|-
 
|AY-3-8605
 
|AY-3-8605
Line 111: Line 550:
 
|Submarine (Three Modes)
 
|Submarine (Three Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 119: Line 560:
 
|Breakout (Ten Modes)
 
|Breakout (Ten Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 125: Line 568:
 
|1977
 
|1977
 
|General Instruments
 
|General Instruments
−
|Light Gun  
+
|Light Gun
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 133: Line 578:
 
|1977
 
|1977
 
|General Instruments
 
|General Instruments
−
|Pong (Eight Modes) <br /> Light Gun  
+
|Pong (Eight Modes) <br /> Light Gun
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|Improved version of the AY-3-8600  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|Improved version of the AY-3-8600
 
|-
 
|-
 
|AY-3-8700
 
|AY-3-8700
Line 143: Line 590:
 
|Tank Battle
 
|Tank Battle
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 151: Line 600:
 
|Tank Battle
 
|Tank Battle
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 159: Line 610:
 
|Motor Cycle (Four Modes)
 
|Motor Cycle (Four Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 167: Line 620:
 
|Motor Cycle (Four Modes)
 
|Motor Cycle (Four Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 175: Line 630:
 
|Black Jack<br />Draw Poker<br />Acey/Ducey<br />War
 
|Black Jack<br />Draw Poker<br />Acey/Ducey<br />War
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 183: Line 640:
 
|Black Jack<br />Slot Machine
 
|Black Jack<br />Slot Machine
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 191: Line 650:
 
|Tic-Tac-Toe<br />LEM (Lunar Landing Module)
 
|Tic-Tac-Toe<br />LEM (Lunar Landing Module)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 197: Line 658:
 
|1976
 
|1976
 
|Atari
 
|Atari
−
|Pong (Ten Modes)  
+
|Pong (Ten Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 207: Line 670:
 
|Pong (Four Modes)
 
|Pong (Four Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|Pong Consoles Simulation
 +
|[https://github.com/ThomasVisvader/Pong git]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 213: Line 678:
 
|1977
 
|1977
 
|Atari
 
|Atari
−
|Pong (Thirty-Two Modes)  
+
|Pong (Thirty-Two Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 223: Line 690:
 
|Pinball/Breakout (Seven Modes)
 
|Pinball/Breakout (Seven Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 231: Line 700:
 
|Pong<br />Tank<br />Helicopter
 
|Pong<br />Tank<br />Helicopter
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|There is a possibly that this chip was never released
 
|There is a possibly that this chip was never released
Line 239: Line 710:
 
|Pong (Two Modes)<br />Racing (Two Modes)
 
|Pong (Two Modes)<br />Racing (Two Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 245: Line 718:
 
|1980
 
|1980
 
|Angstrem
 
|Angstrem
−
|Unknown  
+
|Unknown
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|A Russian POC, its likely a clone of the AY-3-8500 series. a lot of the IC's made in during the Soviet Union were clones.
 
|A Russian POC, its likely a clone of the AY-3-8500 series. a lot of the IC's made in during the Soviet Union were clones.
Line 255: Line 730:
 
|
 
|
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|A clone of the Mitsubishi M-588135
 
|A clone of the Mitsubishi M-588135
Line 260: Line 737:
 
|M58816P
 
|M58816P
 
|1977
 
|1977
−
|Mitsubishi
+
|Mitsubishi / Nintendo
 
|
 
|
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|style="background: LightGreen;"|Pong Consoles Simulation
 +
|[https://github.com/ThomasVisvader/Pong git]
 
|
 
|
 
|M58816P is a custom chip made by Mitsubishi Electronics for Nintendo, it was used in there Color TV-Game line of console.
 
|M58816P is a custom chip made by Mitsubishi Electronics for Nintendo, it was used in there Color TV-Game line of console.
Line 270: Line 749:
 
|1976
 
|1976
 
|National Semiconductor
 
|National Semiconductor
−
|Pong (Three Modes)  
+
|Pong (Three Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This is the NTSC version of the chip.  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This is the NTSC version of the chip.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|MM-57105N
 
|MM-57105N
 
|1976
 
|1976
 
|National Semiconductor
 
|National Semiconductor
−
|Pong (Three Modes)  
+
|Pong (Three Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This is the PAL version of the chip.  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This is the PAL version of the chip.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|MM-57106N
 
|MM-57106N
Line 289: Line 772:
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This is the NTSC version of the chip. There is a possibly that this chip was never released  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This is the NTSC version of the chip. There is a possibly that this chip was never released.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|MM-57186N
 
|MM-57186N
Line 297: Line 782:
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This is the PAL version of the chip. There is a possibly that this chip was never released  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This is the PAL version of the chip. There is a possibly that this chip was never released.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|MPS 7600-001
 
|MPS 7600-001
 
|1977
 
|1977
 
|Mostek
 
|Mostek
−
|Pong (Four Modes)  
+
|Pong (Four Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This is the NTSC version of the chip. the games are made for two or four players.  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This is the NTSC version of the chip. the games are made for two or four players.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|MPS 7601-001
 
|MPS 7601-001
 
|1977
 
|1977
 
|Mostek
 
|Mostek
−
|Pong (Four Modes)  
+
|Pong (Four Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|
 
|
−
|This is the PAL version of the chip. the games are made for two or four players.  
+
|
 +
|
 +
|This is the PAL version of the chip. the games are made for two or four players.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|SN-76410N
 
|SN-76410N
Line 320: Line 811:
 
|Pong (Six Modes)
 
|Pong (Six Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 328: Line 821:
 
|Pong (Four Modes)
 
|Pong (Four Modes)
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 338: Line 833:
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
= CPU's & MP's (Microprocessors) =
 
−
 
−
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed
 
−
|+  style="background: #ECECEC;"|
 
−
! Model
 
−
! Manufacturer
 
−
! Year
 
−
! [[MAME]] support
 
−
! Emulators / Description
 
−
|-
 
−
|4004
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1971
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|4040
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1974
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|6800
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1974
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68008
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1979
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68010
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1982
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68012
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1985
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68020
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1984
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68030
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1987
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68040
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1990
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|68060
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1994
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8008
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1972
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80186
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1982
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80188
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1982
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80286
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1982
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80376
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1989
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80386
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1985
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80386DX
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1988
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80386EX
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1994
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80386SL
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1990
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|80386SX
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1988
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8080
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1974
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8085
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1977
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8086
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1978
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
 
−
|MC14500B
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1977
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|MC88100
 
−
|Motorola
 
−
|1988
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|i486
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1989
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|i486DX
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1989
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|i486GX
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1994
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|i486SL
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1992
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|i486SX
 
−
|Intel
 
−
|1991
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
= SOC (System On A Chip) =
+
=External links=
−
 
+
* [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/UsefulNotes/IBMPersonalComputer IBM Personal Computer] at TVTropes.
−
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed
+
* [https://betawiki.net/wiki/Windows_8_build_7700 Windows 8 build 7700] Info about the earliest Windows build to be unbootable in 86Box.
−
|+  style="background: #ECECEC;"|
+
* [https://www.vogons.org VOGONS]
−
! Model
 
−
! Manufacturer
 
−
! [[MAME]] support
 
−
! Emulators / Description
 
−
|-
 
−
|[https://bootleggames.fandom.com/wiki/Elan Elan]
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|style="background:skyblue;"|Decent
 
−
|Designed and Manufactured by an unknown Chinese or Taiwanese company, Elan is one of the older [[wikipedia:System on a chip|SOC]] still used in Chinese products, dating back to around the late 90s to early 2000s. Elan is usually used in bootleg or original plug and play games / systems.
 
−
|-
 
−
|SPG243
 
−
|Sunplus
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|SPG250
 
−
|Sunplus
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|SPG288
 
−
|Sunplus
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|SPG289
 
−
|Sunplus
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|SPG293
 
−
|Sunplus
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT01
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT01
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT01
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT01
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT01
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT01
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT02
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT09
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT168
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT268
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|VT368
 
−
|V.R. Technology
 
−
|style="background:gainsboro;"|None
 
−
|
 
−
|}
 
  
−
[[Category:Consoles]]  
+
----
−
[[Category:Handheld consoles]]
+
{{NEL}}
−
[[Category:Home consoles]]
+
[[Category:Computer emulators]]
 +
[[Category:X86-based|*]]
 +
[[Category:Various Emulation]]
 +
[[Category:Microcontrollers|*]]
 +
{{Consoles}}

Latest revision as of 18:14, 3 June 2024

Emulation of common chips is a big part of emulating consoles and computers, this page covers all these well known parts.

Contents

x86 CPUs[edit]

This part is about software that emulate x86 CPUs, and also other related PC parts.

The PC platform is an open architecture system that IBM initially designed in 1980. IBM's PC 5150 is the progenitor (though in no way representative of iterative designs like the desktops and laptops you may be familiar with today).

The history of the PC is comprehensive, but a good summary is that almost every component of the 5150 was off-the-shelf. IBM hoped that if clones popped up, they could sue them for using the firmware in the BIOS, which they had copyright over as established by a lawsuit between Apple and Franklin.[1] However, Phoenix designed a clean-room replacement firmware based solely on IBM's own public documentation.[2] As a result, IBM never challenged clones that used it and promptly lost control over the platform.[citation needed] Intel would later take up the next major iteration in 1995, called ATX.

Sometime in the 90s, a speedup was found in PC emulation that could run software near-natively; this became the basis for hypervisors, which are different from conventional emulators listed here since they require the host architecture to be at the very least x86-compatible.

Main article: PC Emulator Comparisons
See also Category:x86-based for other x86 based systems software emulation or Windows XP/Vista and Windows 9x for virtualization of these operating systems.

68k CPUs[edit]

Wikipedia:Motorola_68000

See Category:68000-based page for m68k-based systems software emulation.

PPC CPUs[edit]

Wikipedia:PowerPC

See Category:PowerPC-based page for PPC-based systems software emulation.

ARM CPUs[edit]

Wikipedia:ARM_architecture_family

See Category:ARM-based page for ARM-based systems software emulation.

MIPS CPUs[edit]

Wikipedia:MIPS_architecture

See Category:MIPS-based page for MIPS-based systems software emulation.

8-bit CPUs[edit]

SOC's (System On A Chip)[edit]

Model Manufacturer MAME support Emulators / Description
Elan Unknown Decent Designed and Manufactured by an unknown Chinese or Taiwanese company, Elan is one of the older SOC still used in Chinese products, dating back to around the late 90s to early 2000s. Elan is usually used in bootleg or original plug and play games / systems.
SPG243 Sunplus None
SPG250 Sunplus None
SPG288 Sunplus None
SPG289 Sunplus None
SPG293 Sunplus None
VT01 V.R. Technology None NOAC (NES-On-A-Chip) with the ability to drive an STN display directly using a modified palette.
VT02 V.R. Technology None NOAC (NES-On-A-Chip) with major enhancements compared to regular NES. What's new
VT09 V.R. Technology None NOAC (NES-On-A-Chip), a low-cost replacement for VT03.
VT168 V.R. Technology None A MOS6502-based SoC inspired by the NES but unlike NOACs, major differences made it no longer fully backward compatible with NES.
VT268 V.R. Technology None Enhanced VT168.
VT368 V.R. Technology None

CPU's & MP's (Microprocessors)[edit]

Model Manufacturer Year MAME support Emulators / Description
80286 Intel 1982 None The 80286 CPU was released on February 1, 1982, with a clock speed of 4 MHz, but it soon changed to 6 MHz. After that, it had a max clock speed of 25 MHz.
386DX Intel 1985 None The 386DX CPU was released in October of 1985 with a clock speed of 12 MHz. The max clock speed was 33 MHz. The 386DX was supposed to be introduced
at 16 MHz, but they had to settle for 12 MHz for technical reasons
386SX Intel 1988 None The 386SX was released in 1988 and was intended for lower-cost home PCs. It has the same clock speeds as the 386DX.
4004 Intel 1971 None The first commercially produced microprocessor.
4040 Intel 1974 None
6800 Motorola 1974 None
68008 Motorola 1979 None
68010 Motorola 1982 None Pin-compatible with the 68000, but not 100% software compatible.
68012 Motorola 1985 None
68020 Motorola 1984 None 32-bit internal and external data and address buses, and natively 32-bit ALU.
68030 Motorola 1987 None 68020 with a memory management unit (MMU) and instruction and data caches of 256 bytes each.
68040 Motorola 1990 None First 680x0 family member with an on-chip Floating-Point Unit (FPU).
68060 Motorola 1994 None Last product in 680x0 family.
8008 Intel 1972 None
80186 Intel 1982 None
80188 Intel 1982 None
80286 Intel 1982 None First x86 processor with memory management and wide protection abilities.
80376 Intel 1989 None
80386 Intel 1985 None First 32-bit x86 processor.
80386DX Intel 1988 None The same as original 80386, just renamed.
80386EX Intel 1994 None
80386SL Intel 1990 None Power efficient version of 80386 for laptops.
80386SX Intel 1988 None Cut down version of 80386 with 16-bit data bus.
8080 Intel 1974 None
8085 Intel 1977 None
8086 Intel 1978 None The 8086 CPU was released on June 8, 1978, at 5 MHz and had a max clock speed of 10 MHz. It was also the beginning of the x86 architecture.
8086-1 Intel 1978 None After the original launch, Intel released the 8086-1, which had a clock speed of 10MHz.
8086-2 Intel 1980 None In May/June of 1980, the 8086-2 at 8 MHz was released.
8086-4 Intel 1978 None The 8086-4 CPU came after the 8086-2 CPU, completely skipping 8086-3; it was clocked at 4 MHz.
8088 Intel 1979 None The 8088 CPU was released on July 1, 1979, and had a default clock speed of 4.77 MHz and a max clock speed of 10 MHz.
AM2900 AMD 1975 None
AM29000 AMD 1975 None
COP400 National Semiconductor 1975 None
i386SL Intel 1990 None The i386SL was released for use in portable computers and had a clock speed of 20 MHz. Its max clock speed is 25 MHz.
i486 Intel 1989 None First x86 chip to include more than one million transistors.
i486DX Intel 1989 None The original i486 without clock multiplier.
i486GX Intel 1994 None Embedded ultra-low-power CPU with all features of the i486SX and 16-bit external data bus.
i486SL Intel 1992 None Low-power version of the i486DX, for laptops.
i486SX Intel 1991 None i486 without FPU.
I8086 Intel 1980 None The last 8086 CPU released was the I8086 in May/June of 1980.
Itanium 2 Intel/HP 2002 None IA-64 instruction set simulator [1] [2], executable toolkit [3]
MC14500B Motorola 1977 None
MC88100 Motorola 1988 None
Pentium Intel 1993 (Original)
1995 (P6)
1997 (MMX) 		NA
PIC General Instrument \ Microchip 1975 NA
PowerPC AIM Alliance 1993 NA
RISC IBM 1975 NA
TMS1000 Texas Instruments 1974 None
Z80 Zilog 1976 None
Z8000 Zilog 1979 None
Z80000 Zilog 1986 None

Pong Consoles (Pong In A Chip)[edit]

Popular for a few years during the 70s, they came in many kinds of cases, controls, and under many brands but all used a POC (Pong In A Chip) which are chips that contain all and only essential components to run the game of Pong and their variations. And because of this, these chips are emulated rather than individual systems.

Model Year Manufacturer Games/Modes MAME support Other support Latest version ROMs Description
3659-1C/C2566 1975 Atari Pong (Two Player) None Pong Consoles Simulation git
3659-3 1975 Atari Pong (Four Player) None None
AY-3-8500 1976 General Instruments Pong (Four Modes)
Light Gun (Two Modes) 		None WinArcadia / AmiArcadia and Pong Consoles Simulation 32.51 git
AY-3-8510 1978 General Instruments NA None WinArcadia / AmiArcadia 32.51 Improved version of the AY-3-8500, games are now in colour
AY-3-8512 1978 General Instruments NA None WinArcadia / AmiArcadia 32.51 Improved version of the AY-3-8510.
AY-3-8550 1976 General Instruments NA None WinArcadia / AmiArcadia 32.51 Improved AY-3-8500 with horizontal player motion
AY-3-8600 1977 General Instruments Pong (Eight Modes) None WinArcadia / AmiArcadia 32.51
AY-3-8601 (Square Off) 1976 General Instruments Combat Squares
Racing Squares
Shooting Squares
Jungle Games (Two Modes) 		None There is a possibly that this chip was never released
AY-3-8602 (Volleyball Plus) 1976 General Instruments Volleyball
Protection
Hazard 		None There is a possibly that this chip was never released
AY-3-8603 (Roadrace) 1976 General Instruments Racing (Two Modes) None
AY-3-8604 (Barricade) NA General Instruments Snakes None This game is made for two players
AY-3-8605 1977 General Instruments Submarine (Three Modes) None
AY-3-8606 1977 General Instruments Breakout (Ten Modes) None
AY-3-8607 1977 General Instruments Light Gun None
AY-3-8610 1977 General Instruments Pong (Eight Modes)
Light Gun 		None Improved version of the AY-3-8600
AY-3-8700 1976 General Instruments Tank Battle None
AY-3-8710 1976 General Instruments Tank Battle None
AY-3-8760 1976 General Instruments Motor Cycle (Four Modes) None
AY-3-8765 1976 General Instruments Motor Cycle (Four Modes) None
AY-3-8800 1976 General Instruments Black Jack
Draw Poker
Acey/Ducey
War 		None
AY-3-8888 (Vegas) 1976 General Instruments Black Jack
Slot Machine 		None
AY-3-8889 1976 General Instruments Tic-Tac-Toe
LEM (Lunar Landing Module) 		None
C010073-01/C2607 1976 Atari Pong (Ten Modes) None
C010073-3 1976 Atari Pong (Four Modes) None Pong Consoles Simulation git
C010765 1977 Atari Pong (Thirty-Two Modes) None
C011500-11 / C011512-05 1977 Atari Pinball/Breakout (Seven Modes) None
CR861 (MUGS) 1977 Signetics Pong
Tank
Helicopter 		None There is a possibly that this chip was never released
F4301 1976 Universal
Research Labs 		Pong (Two Modes)
Racing (Two Modes) 		None
K145ИК17 1980 Angstrem Unknown None A Russian POC, its likely a clone of the AY-3-8500 series. a lot of the IC's made in during the Soviet Union were clones.
M-588135 1982 Motorola None A clone of the Mitsubishi M-588135
M58816P 1977 Mitsubishi / Nintendo None Pong Consoles Simulation git M58816P is a custom chip made by Mitsubishi Electronics for Nintendo, it was used in there Color TV-Game line of console.


this console line was launched in 1977 with the release of the Color TV-Game 6, Nintendo's first console

MM-57100N 1976 National Semiconductor Pong (Three Modes) None This is the NTSC version of the chip.
MM-57105N 1976 National Semiconductor Pong (Three Modes) None This is the PAL version of the chip.
MM-57106N 1977 National Semiconductor Unknown None This is the NTSC version of the chip. There is a possibly that this chip was never released.
MM-57186N 1978 National Semiconductor Unknown None This is the PAL version of the chip. There is a possibly that this chip was never released.
MPS 7600-001 1977 Mostek Pong (Four Modes) None This is the NTSC version of the chip. the games are made for two or four players.
MPS 7601-001 1977 Mostek Pong (Four Modes) None This is the PAL version of the chip. the games are made for two or four players.
SN-76410N 1976 Texas Instruments Pong (Six Modes) None
TMS-1955 1976 Texas Instruments Pong (Four Modes) None
TMS-1965 1976 Texas Instruments Pong (Six Modes) None

External links[edit]

  1. ↑ https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/423653/apple-computer-inc-a-california-corporation-v-franklin-computer/ Apple v. Franklin. (1983)
  2. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Bwng8NJ5fesC&pg=PA56 Phoenix Says Its BIOS May Foil IBM's Lawsuits. PC Mag. (1984)
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