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The '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System Nintendo Entertainment System]''' (NES) is an 8-bit, third-generation console originally released as the '''Family Computer''' or '''Famicom''', in Japan, on July 15, 1983. The Famicom retailed for ¥14800. The console would be redesigned as the NES and released on October 18, 1985 in North America. The NES retailed for {{Inflation|USD|179.99|1985}}. It had a Ricoh 2A03 CPU at 1.79 MHz with 2 KBs of RAM.

The earliest games released on the Famicom suffered from significant hardware constraints due to the way the Famicom was designed: limited memory addressing (which meant games had a small maximum ROM size), how the graphics were loaded onscreen, just the native sound processing was available, no saving... To solve this problem, Nintendo came up with two solutions:

* '''Memory Management Controllers''' (MMC), also known colloquially as '''[[#Mappers|mappers]]'''. They solved every aforementioned problem with bank switching for much more data, onboard FM audio chips, and much more. Most games released after 1986 that really pushed the system to its limits used mappers. A similar solution was used for the Game Boy.

! scope="col"|[[#Hardware_variants|Hardware<br/>Variants]]

! scope="col"|[[#Enhancements|Enhancements]]

! scope="col"|[[#Mappers|<small>Mappers Support<br/>Level</small>]]

! scope="col"|[[Emulation Accuracy|Accuracy]]

|[https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2#development-builds Dev builds]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]<br/>[https://github.com/NovaSquirrel/Mesen-X/releases/ 2023-09-11] ([[Mesen#List_of_forks|Mesen X]])<br/>[https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen/releases 0.9.9] (Mesen 1)

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|[https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2/tree/master/Core/NES/Mappers Unlicensed]

|Cycle

|[https://github.com/punesemu/puNES#floppy_disk-work-in-progress-wip-builds- WIP builds]<br> [https://github.com/punesemu/puNES/releases {{PuNESVer}}]

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|[https://github.com/punesemu/puNES#electric_plug-supported-mappers Unlicensed]

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|[https://github.com/0ldsk00l/nestopia/commits/master/source/core/board Unlicensed]

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|[https://gitlab.com/TASVideos/BizHawk/-/pipelines Dev Builds]<br/>[http://tasvideos.org/BizHawk/ReleaseHistory.html {{BizHawkVer}}]

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|[https://jsgroth.dev/jgnes jgnes]

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|[https://github.com/jsgroth/jgnes git]

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!colspan="11"|Mobile / ARM

===Comparisons===

*[[puNES]] is another [[Emulation_accuracy|cycle-accurate]] NES/FDS emulator. It is deemed as the second most compatible NES emulator of the cycle-accurate variety.

*[[Nintendulator]] also is a [[Emulation_accuracy|cycle-accurate]] NES/FDS emulator. NintendulatorNRS is a fork of Nintendulator that supports the Famicom Disk System, rare mappers, VRT chipsets, and many unlicensed and bootleg carts and systems.

*BeesNES is aiming for [[Emulation_accuracy|subcycle accuracy]]. Currently it is a work-in-progress, but it is already including [[#Enhancements|enhancements]] like; [[NTSC_filters#NTSC-CRT_by_LMP88959_.28EMMIR.29|NTSC-CRT]], [https://github.com/L-Spiro/BeesNES#other-features debugger, disassembler, assembler and various TAS features].

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| [[Texture_packs#NES|Sprite Replacement]]

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| rowspan=1 | Performance

| [[Overclocking#NES|Overclock]]

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| rowspan=5 | [https://tasvideos.org/Emulatorresources/Features TAS features]

| [[Wikipedia:Macro_(computer_science)|Macros/Scripts]]/[https://tasvideos.org/LuaScripting Lua]

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| [https://tasvideos.org/Movies Movie recording/playback]

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| rowspan=4 | Post-Processing

| [[Shaders_and_filters|Filters]]

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|[[Shaders_and_filters#AI-powered filters|AI-powered filter compatible]]<br/><small>([https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/news/gfecnt/nvidia-freestyle-ansel-enhancements-geforce-experience-article/ Freestyle])</small>

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| rowspan=6 | Quality of life

| Per-Game Profiles

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| Built-in [[Cheats_and_patches|Cheat Manager]]

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| [[Save_disk_space_for_ISOs|Streamable compression format]]

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| rowspan=1 | Controls

| [[Input_lag|Input lag-mitigating technique]]

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| [[Virtual_reality#VR_game_room_simulations|EmuVR support]]

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| [https://retroachievements.org/gameList.php?c=7 RetroAchievements]

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| [[Wikipedia:Category:Debugging|Debug features]]

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</div>

<references group=N2/>

There were many accessories released for the Famicom and NES but Emulation in General only covers accessories that are truly differentiated data streams from the basic controller. For example, the Power Glove is, in actuality, just a really complicated NES controller designed to convert motion into D-PAD, SELECT, START, A, and B button commands. The same goes for R.O.B. and his ''Stack-up'' and ''Gyromite'' games because he was really just the second player. Strangely, the Famicom has a lot more peripheral hardware to emulate than the NES.<ref>[[Wikipedia:List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories|List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories]]</ref><ref>[https://problemkaputt.de/everynes.htm#controllers ProblemKaputt: NES controllers]</ref>

!Family Computer Data Recorder

|A Japan-exclusive compact cassette tape data interface as an addition to the Family BASIC to save data from BASIC programs created by users. The Data Recorder was also used in a select number of games as a method of saving data.

|[[Mesen]]<br/>[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]<br/>[[puNES]]<br/>[[VirtuaNES]]

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|[[Mesen]]

|There is a feature request for [https://github.com/libretro/libretro-fceumm/issues/566 adding this to fceumm-libretro].

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</div>

Also re-released later as Sharp's FamicomStation. The hybrid NES/Famicom arcade box [http://famicomworld.com/system/other/famicombox/ Nintendo Famicom Box] is a bulky metal cube with a slot to insert money and secured with tons of locks. The hotel would set the amount of time you could play on one token and choose the available games. You can see it in action in season 18 of [http://www.gamingcx.com/ Game Center CX]. It was distributed in select hotels and stores and can hold up to 15 select Famicom releases at once. It had many more hardware lockout chips and pins with different behavior than usual (it also only supported cartridges using memory mapper 0). Sports a unique boot screen for both models released.

===Dendy===

*[http://rec0ded88.com/play-nes-games Rec0deD:88] - Play a NES emulator.

*[https://www.copetti.org/writings/consoles/nes/ Copetti] - NES Architecture (A practical analysis by Rodrigo Copetti).

==References==

[[Category:Third-generation video game consoles]]

[[Category:Nintendo consoles]]