Recommended Linux distros: Difference between revisions

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A '''[[wikipedia:Linux distribution|Linux distribution]]''' (commonly called a '''distro''') is a complete operating system built around the Linux kernel. It typically includes system software, libraries, a package manager, and various applications. Distributions vary in purpose, design, and target users, offering different default desktop environments, package formats, and system tools.
A '''[[wikipedia:Linux distribution|Linux distribution]]''' (commonly called a '''distro''') is a complete operating system built around the Linux kernel. It typically includes system software, libraries, a package manager, and various applications. Distributions vary in purpose, design, and target users, offering different default desktop environments, package formats, and system tools.


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If you're experiencing compatibility issues with a particular distro on your hardware, visit [https://linux-hardware.org Linux-Hardware.org] for detailed compatibility reports. Use the [https://linux-hardware.org/?view=computers Computers] page to check support for specific systems, or try the [https://linux-hardware.org/?view=search search tool] to look up individual components.
If you're experiencing compatibility issues with a particular distro on your hardware, visit [https://linux-hardware.org Linux-Hardware.org] for detailed compatibility reports. Use the [https://linux-hardware.org/?view=computers Computers] page to check support for specific systems, or try the [https://linux-hardware.org/?view=search search tool] to look up individual components.


This is a list of the current recommended Linux distributions, organized by category.
These are our current recommended Linux distributions, organized by category.
 
==Linux distribution categories==
 
;General‑purpose distributions
:These Linux distributions provide a complete desktop experience and are supported by large user communities. They are ideal for everyday computing, media consumption, office work, and casual gaming.
 
:For step‑by‑step instructions on installing and configuring emulators on these systems, see the  [[Linux_guide_for_emulators|guide to set up/download emulators]].
 
;Experienced‑user (advanced) distributions
:These are some of the most versatile general‑purpose Linux families. They give you access to the latest software, deep customisation options, or rock‑solid stability—depending on the flavour you choose. Because they expose more of the underlying system, they may require a bit of tinkering if you’re new to Linux.
 
;Gaming‑focused distributions
:These distros are crafted to be an all‑in‑one gaming platform. They ship with graphics drivers, Steam, and many popular launchers pre‑installed, and they provide straightforward ways to add emulators.
:A handy way to get started with emulation on any of these is to run '''[https://www.emudeck.com/ EmuDeck]''', an installation script that sets up a complete suite of console emulators.
 
;Emulation‑centric distributions
:These Linux flavours are built specifically for retro‑gaming and console emulation, providing ready‑to‑use packages for PCs, single‑board computers, and even dedicated hardware boxes.
 
:See the [[Emulators on Linux]] article for more details and installation tips.
 
==Linux distributions ==


==General use-focused==
These Linux distributions offer a complete Desktop experience with a large user base.
See [[Linux_guide_for_emulators|guide to setup/download emulators]] for instructions for these distros.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Name
!Latest version
!Architecture
!Based on
!Desktop Environment
!Active
![[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Name
! colspan="7"|General‑purpose
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
! scope="col"|Based on
! scope="col"|Desktop Environment
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|-
|[https://ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu]<br/><small>and its flavors</small>
|[https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/ Fedora Atomic]
|[https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop 24.04 LTS] (Desktop)<br/>[https://ubuntu.com/desktop/flavours Other flavors]
|[https://fedoraproject.org/#editions Fedora 44]
|x86,ARM
|Fedora
|GNOME,KDE Plasma, Sway,Budgie,COSMIC
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[https://fedoraproject.org/ Fedora] and its [https://fedoraproject.org/spins/ Spins]
|[https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops Fedora 44]
|x86, ARM<br><small>and many others</small>
|Independent
|'''''Fedora'''''(GNOME,    KDE Plasma)
'''''Spins'''''(Xfce,Cinnamon, MATE,i3,LXQt,LXDE, SOAS, Sway,    Budgie, Miracle,    KDE Mobile,COSMIC)
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu]<br><small>and its flavors</small>
|[https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop 24.04 LTS] (Desktop)<br>[https://ubuntu.com/desktop/flavours Other flavors]
|x86, ARM
|x86, ARM
|Debian
|Debian
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|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|-
|[https://cachyos.org/ CachyOS]<br/>
|[https://pop.system76.com/ Pop!_OS]
|[https://cachyos.org/download/ 25.x.x.] (Desktop)<br/>
|[https://pop.system76.com/ 24.04 LTS]
|x86
|x86<br><small>ARM (preview)</small>
|Arch Linux
|Ubuntu
|KDE Plasma, GNOME, Others (depending on flavor)
|COSMIC
|{{✓}} ||{{{~}}
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|-
|[https://manjaro.org/ Manjaro]
|[https://manjaro.org/ Manjaro]
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|Debian
|Debian
|PIXEL
|PIXEL
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}<ref group="a" name="source-a">These distributions are recommended but only for their intended hardware and/or specific niche use cases.</ref>
|-
|[https://pop.system76.com/ Pop!_OS]
|[https://pop.system76.com/ 22.04 LTS]
|x86<br/><small>ARM (preview)</small>
|Ubuntu
|GNOME (COSMIC)
|{{~}} ||{{{✗}}
|}
 
===Experienced users===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Name
! colspan="7"|Experienced‑user
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
! scope="col"|Based on
! scope="col"|Desktop Environment
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|-
|[https://archlinux.org/ Arch Linux]
|[https://archlinux.org/ Arch Linux]
|[https://archlinux.org/download/ Latest]
|[https://archlinux.org/download/ Latest]
|x86<br/><small>ARM and others unofficially</small>
|x86<br><small>ARM and others unofficially</small>
|Independent
|Independent
|Any
|Any
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://cachyos.org/ CachyOS]<br>
|[https://cachyos.org/download/ 25.x.x.] (Desktop)<br>
|x86
|Arch Linux
|KDE Plasma, GNOME, Others (depending on flavor)
|{{✓}} ||{{{✓}}
|-
|-
|[https://www.debian.org/ Debian]
|[https://www.debian.org/ Debian]
|[https://www.debian.org/ 12.5]
|[https://www.debian.org/ 12.5]
|x86, ARM<br/><small>and many others</small>
|x86, ARM<br><small>and many others</small>
|Independent
|Independent
|GNOME (and others)
|GNOME (and others)
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|-
|[https://fedoraproject.org/ Fedora]<br/><small>Fedora Atomic</small>
! colspan="7"|Gaming-focused
|41<br/>[https://fedoraproject.org/workstation/ Fedora Workstation]<br/>[https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/ Fedora Atomic]
|x86, ARM<br/><small>and many others</small>
|Independent
|GNOME (and others)
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|}
 
==Gaming-focused==
These Linux distributions target to be a complete gaming package. Emulators are either pre-installed or easily installed. You can use [https://www.emudeck.com/ EmuDeck] which is an installation script that helps you get started with emulation. For a comparison check out: https://github.com/ChimeraOS/chimeraos/wiki/OS-Comparison
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
! scope="col"|Based on
! scope="col"|Desktop Environment
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|-
|[https://bazzite.gg/ Bazzite]
|[https://bazzite.gg/ Bazzite]
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|x86
|x86
|Fedora Atomic
|Fedora Atomic
|KDE Plasma, GNOME
|Steam Big Picture (for HTPC and handhelds),<br>KDE Plasma, GNOME (for desktop)
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}<ref group=G>Currently only recommended for x86 PC handhelds, like ROG Ally, Legion Go and HTPC setups.</ref>
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|-
|[https://nobaraproject.org/ Nobara Project]
|[https://nobaraproject.org/ Nobara Project]
Line 120: Line 129:
|Fedora Linux
|Fedora Linux
|KDE Plasma
|KDE Plasma
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}<ref group=G>Currently only recommended for desktops PCs.</ref>
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|-
|[https://garudalinux.org/ Garuda Linux]<br><small>(KDE Dragonized Gaming edition)</small>
|[https://garudalinux.org/ Garuda Linux]<br><small>(KDE Dragonized Gaming edition)</small>
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|x86
|x86
|Arch Linux
|Arch Linux
|GNOME
|Steam Big Picture
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}<ref group="a" name="source-a" />
|-
|-
|SteamOS 3<br/><small>HoloISO</small>
|[https://store.steampowered.com/steamos SteamOS]<br><small>HoloISO</small>
|SteamOS N/A<br/>[https://github.com/holoiso-staging/releases HoloISO]
|[https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/1B71-EDF2-EB6D-2BB3 SteamOS 3.7]<br>[https://github.com/holoiso-staging/releases HoloISO 1.5]
|x86
|x86
|Arch Linux
|Arch Linux
|KDE Plasma
|Steam Big Picture<br>KDE Plasma (for desktop use)
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}<ref group="a" name="source-a" />
|-
|-
|[https://github.com/LukeShortCloud/winesapOS winesapOS]
|[https://github.com/LukeShortCloud/winesapOS winesapOS]
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|KDE Plasma
|KDE Plasma
|{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|}
<references group=G/>
===[[Emulators on Linux|Emulation-focused]]===
These Linux distributions offer complete emulation packages for PCs, single board computers, consoles and other systems.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Name
! colspan="7"|Emulation‑centric<ref group="a" name="source-a" />
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
! scope="col"|Frontend
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|-
|[https://batocera.org/ Batocera.linux]
|[https://batocera.org/ Batocera.linux]
|[https://batocera.org/download {{BatoceraLinuxVer}}]
|[https://batocera.org/download {{BatoceraLinuxVer}}]
|ARM, x86
|ARM, x86
|Independent
|[[EmulationStation]] fork
|[[EmulationStation]] fork
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
Line 187: Line 185:
|[http://www.lakka.tv/get/ {{LakkaVer}}]
|[http://www.lakka.tv/get/ {{LakkaVer}}]
|ARM, x86
|ARM, x86
|LibreELEC
|[[RetroArch]]
|[[RetroArch]]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
Line 193: Line 192:
|[https://www.recalbox.com/download/stable/ {{RecalboxVer}}]
|[https://www.recalbox.com/download/stable/ {{RecalboxVer}}]
|ARM, x86
|ARM, x86
|Independent
|[[EmulationStation]]
|[[EmulationStation]]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
Line 199: Line 199:
|[https://retropie.org.uk/download/ {{RetroPieVer}}]
|[https://retropie.org.uk/download/ {{RetroPieVer}}]
|ARM
|ARM
|Raspberry Pi OS
|[[EmulationStation]] fork
|[[EmulationStation]] fork
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|-
|[https://www.elemenity.com/products/elemenity_os/ Elemenity OS]
|[https://www.elemenity.com/products/elemenity-os/ Elemenity OS]
|[https://www.elemenity.com/products/elemenity_os/ 1.1]
|[https://www.elemenity.com/products/elemenity-os/ 1.1]
|ARM64
|ARM64
|
|Custom (supports [[RetroArch]])
|Custom (supports [[RetroArch]])
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
Line 211: Line 213:
|[https://github.com/wimpysworld/retro-home/releases 22.189-alpha1]
|[https://github.com/wimpysworld/retro-home/releases 22.189-alpha1]
|ARM, x86
|ARM, x86
|Ubuntu
|Ludo
|Ludo
|{{✗}} ||{{TBD}}
|{{✗}} ||{{TBD}}
|}
|}
<references group="a"/>
===Comparisons===
;Debian
:Known for its rigorous testing and stability. Debian’s “stable” branch is perfect for servers or workstations where reliability outweighs cutting‑edge features, while “testing” and “unstable” branches give you newer packages.
:;Ubuntu
::The most widely‑used desktop Linux, offering long‑term support (LTS) releases, a huge software repository, and extensive community documentation.
::;Linux Mint
:::Based on Ubuntu LTS, Mint provides a familiar Windows‑like interface (Cinnamon, MATE, or Xfce), out‑of‑the‑box multimedia codecs, and a reputation for stability.
:;Raspberry Pi OS <small>(formerly Raspbian)</small>
::Developed for the Raspberry Pi line of single-board computers. Based on Debian, it is maintained by Raspberry Pi Holdings and optimized for the Pi's hardware, with low memory requirements and support for both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. Originally released in July 2012 under the name Raspbian, it was introduced shortly after the launch of the first Raspberry Pi model.
::;RetroPie
:::Designed for the Raspberry Pi (but also installable on generic Linux), RetroPie combines RetroArch, EmulationStation, and a suite of scripts to simplify controller configuration and ROM management.
;Fedora
:Red Hat’s upstream community distro. Fedora ships the latest GNOME desktop, SELinux security policies, and frequent updates, making it a great platform for developers and power users.
:;Bazzite
::A solid choice for gamers and an excellent entry point for Linux newcomers who prioritize gaming. Its image‑based design makes the system stable, secure, and easy to use while delivering top‑tier hardware and game compatibility. Steam arrives pre‑installed, along with NVIDIA drivers, HDR and VRR support, and tuned CPU schedulers for responsive gameplay. A suite of community‑developed tools and tweaks further streamlines the streaming experience. Bazzite shines on x86 handhelds such as the ROG Ally, Legion Go, and HTPC setups. For desktop PCs, it offers a seamless, user‑friendly, and reliable environment—ideal for anyone who wants a hassle‑free experience. More advanced users seeking a less opinionated system and willing to tinker may prefer alternatives like CachyOS or Nobara.
:;Nobara Project
::Based on Fedora, Nobara adds a collection of gaming‑optimised kernels, Wine/Proton tweaks, and pre‑configured repositories. It’s aimed at desktop gamers who want a Fedora‑rooted system with extra polish. It's spearheaded by GloriousEggroll, the creator of the GE‑Proton compatibility layer. While a handheld version exists, Nobara is primarily recommended for desktop PCs.
;Arch Linux
:A rolling‑release distro that follows the KISS principle. It provides a minimal base system and the powerful '''pacman''' package manager, letting you build exactly the environment you want.
:;CachyOS
::An Arch‑based, rolling‑release distro that focuses on performance and customisation. It ships with the latest Linux kernel, a tuned CPU scheduler, and a collection of pre‑enabled optimisations (e.g., early‑oom killer, ZRAM). CachyOS targets enthusiasts who want a fast, bleeding‑edge system out of the box while retaining Arch’s flexibility.
:;SteamOS
::Valve’s official Linux distribution, built on Arch Linux, delivers a console‑grade experience for PC‑gaming handhelds. It ships with the Steam client, a hardened KDE Plasma desktop, and a carefully selected stack of drivers and libraries that maximise compatibility with the latest games and Proton releases.
::SteamOS 3.0 was originally created for the Steam Deck, Valve’s own handheld console, where it provides a seamless “plug‑and‑play” gaming environment out of the box.
::Beginning in 2025, Valve broadened official support to include third‑party devices labelled “SteamOS Compatible,” such as the Lenovo Legion Go and ASUS ROG Ally. These devices receive the same driver set and integration guarantees as the Steam Deck, allowing users to enjoy a comparable handheld experience without buying Valve’s hardware.
::While the installer can be run on a conventional desktop PC, the system is not optimised for that use case. For a easy to use desktop‑oriented gaming environment, Bazzite is the recommended alternative.
:;ChimeraOS
::Focused on bringing the plug‑and‑play console gaming experience to PC, it's a great option for living room PCs. With a fully controller compatible interface that boots directly into into Steam Big Picture after installation. Comes with a in web app to install and manage games from any device.
;Batocera
:A turnkey, read‑only system that boots directly into a unified emulator front‑end (RetroArch). It supports a massive library of cores and works on everything from Raspberry Pi to x86 PCs.
;Lakka
:A lightweight distribution that turns any device into a RetroArch‑powered console, focusing on low resource usage and a clean UI.


==Android==
==Android==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
!colspan="6"|AOSP<br/><small>[https://www.esper.io/blog/aosp-missing-features-google-gms What does “AOSP Android” really mean?]</small>
! colspan="6" |AOSP<br><small>[https://www.esper.io/blog/aosp-missing-features-google-gms What does “AOSP Android” really mean?]</small>
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Name
!Name
! scope="col"|Latest version
!Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
!Architecture
! scope="col"|Frontend
!Default Launcher
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col" |Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
![[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|GrapheneOS
|https://grapheneos.org/releases
|ARM
|AOSP Launcher|AOSP Launcher
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|-
|LineageOS
|LineageOS
|[https://switchroot.org/ 15.1] (<abbr title="based on the Nvidia Shield TV build of LineageOS">[https://wiki.lineageos.org/devices/#nvidia Switch]</abbr>)<br/>[https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi3/ <small>Raspberry Pi 3 builds</small>]<br/>[https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi4/ <small>Raspberry Pi 4 builds</small>]<br/>[https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi5/ <small>Raspberry Pi 5 builds</small>]
|[https://switchroot.org/ 15.1] (<abbr title="based on the Nvidia Shield TV build of LineageOS">[https://wiki.lineageos.org/devices/#nvidia Switch]</abbr>)<br>[https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi3/ <small>Raspberry Pi 3 builds</small>]<br>[https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi4/ <small>Raspberry Pi 4 builds</small>]<br>[https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi5/ <small>Raspberry Pi 5 builds</small>]
|ARM
|ARM
|Trebuchet
|Trebuchet|Trebuchet  
|{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}
|}
|}
See the [[Android emulators#Hardware features|Hardware features]] and [[Android emulators#Enhancements|Enhancements]] of sections of [[Android emulators]] for Android-x86 and it's forks.
See the [[Android emulators#Hardware features|Hardware features]] and [[Android emulators#Enhancements|Enhancements]] of sections of [[Android emulators]] for Android-x86 and its forks.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
!colspan="6"|Android on x86
!colspan="6"|Android on x86
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Name
!Name
! scope="col"|Latest version
!Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
!Architecture
! scope="col"|Frontend
!Default Launcher
! scope="col"|Active
!Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
![[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|-
|BlissOS
|BlissOS
|[https://blissos.org/index.html#download 16.9.x]
|[https://blissos.org/index.html#download 16.9.x]
|x86
|x86
|Android-x86 fork<br/><small>includes 3 launchers: Taskbar, Quickstep and Smart Dock.</small>
|Android-x86 fork<br><small>includes 3 launchers: Taskbar, Quickstep and Smart Dock.</small>
|{{✓}}<abbr title="BlissOS is the currently maintained + supported + newer kernel + hardware support + up-to-date + featured + open source Android x86 distro.">*</abbr>||{{✓}}
|{{✓}}<abbr title="BlissOS is the currently maintained + supported + newer kernel + hardware support + up-to-date + featured + open source Android x86 distro.">*</abbr>||{{✓}}
|-
|-
Line 254: Line 315:
|[https://github.com/yui0/berry-os/releases 2023-02-22]
|[https://github.com/yui0/berry-os/releases 2023-02-22]
|x86
|x86
|Based on Android-x86 and Bliss OS<br/><small>Mini Desktop launcher is pre-installed.</small>
|Based on Android-x86 and Bliss OS<br><small>Mini Desktop launcher is pre-installed.</small>
|{{✓}}||{{✓}}
|{{✓}}||{{✓}}
|-
|-
Line 263: Line 324:
|{{~}}<abbr title="Development activity on Android-x86 has significantly slowed down.">*</abbr> ||{{~}}
|{{~}}<abbr title="Development activity on Android-x86 has significantly slowed down.">*</abbr> ||{{~}}
|}
|}
 
{{NEL}}
==Multiplatform-focused==
These Linux distributions provide system development environment experiences on a wide range of platforms, including different hardware architectures.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Architecture
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|[https://t2sde.org/ T2 SDE]
|[https://t2sde.org/download/ 25.4]
|[[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips|Alpha<br/>Arc<br/>ARM (incl. ARM64)<br/>Avr32<br/>HPPA (incl. HPPA64)<br/>IA64<br/>M68k<br/>MIPS (incl. MIPS64)<br/>Nios2<br/>PowerPC (incl. PowerPC-64 and le)<br/>RISCV (incl. RISCV64)<br/>s390x<br/>SPARC (incl. SPARC64)<br/>SuperH<br/>x86 (incl. x86-64)]]<br/>and theoretically any GCC/Linux supported one.
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
{{For|Ports of the Linux kernel on consoles|Homebrew and hack Roms#Operating_systems}}
{{For|Ports of the Linux kernel on consoles|Homebrew and ROM hacks#Operating_systems}}
{{For|Running Linux on PlayStation 2 (using the PS2 Linux kit)|PlayStation 2 emulators#Linux for PlayStation 2}}
{{For|Running Linux on PlayStation 2 (using the PS2 Linux kit)|PlayStation 2 emulators#Linux for PlayStation 2}}
{{For|Running Linux on PlayStation 3 (using OtherOS)|PlayStation 3 emulators#OtherOS}}
{{For|Running Linux on PlayStation 3 (using OtherOS)|PlayStation 3 emulators#OtherOS}}
Line 287: Line 333:
==External links==
==External links==
* [https://distrowatch.com/ DistroWatch]
* [https://distrowatch.com/ DistroWatch]
* [[wikipedia:List of Linux distributions|List of Linux distributions]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Comparison of Linux distributions|Comparison of Linux distributions]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Comparison of instruction set architectures#Instruction sets|Comparison of instruction set architectures]] (Wikipedia)


[[Category:Linux|*]]
[[Category:Linux]]

Latest revision as of 10:50, 1 July 2026

A Linux distribution (commonly called a distro) is a complete operating system built around the Linux kernel. It typically includes system software, libraries, a package manager, and various applications. Distributions vary in purpose, design, and target users, offering different default desktop environments, package formats, and system tools.

Linux distributions have existed since the early days of Linux, with early examples including MCC Interim Linux and H.J. Lu's bootable "Boot/Root" floppy disks. Most modern Linux distros are derived from one of four major families: Debian, Ubuntu (which is based on Debian), Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Arch Linux.

If you're experiencing compatibility issues with a particular distro on your hardware, visit Linux-Hardware.org for detailed compatibility reports. Use the Computers page to check support for specific systems, or try the search tool to look up individual components.

These are our current recommended Linux distributions, organized by category.

Linux distribution categories

[edit | edit source]
General‑purpose distributions
These Linux distributions provide a complete desktop experience and are supported by large user communities. They are ideal for everyday computing, media consumption, office work, and casual gaming.
For step‑by‑step instructions on installing and configuring emulators on these systems, see the guide to set up/download emulators.
Experienced‑user (advanced) distributions
These are some of the most versatile general‑purpose Linux families. They give you access to the latest software, deep customisation options, or rock‑solid stability—depending on the flavour you choose. Because they expose more of the underlying system, they may require a bit of tinkering if you’re new to Linux.
Gaming‑focused distributions
These distros are crafted to be an all‑in‑one gaming platform. They ship with graphics drivers, Steam, and many popular launchers pre‑installed, and they provide straightforward ways to add emulators.
A handy way to get started with emulation on any of these is to run EmuDeck, an installation script that sets up a complete suite of console emulators.
Emulation‑centric distributions
These Linux flavours are built specifically for retro‑gaming and console emulation, providing ready‑to‑use packages for PCs, single‑board computers, and even dedicated hardware boxes.
See the Emulators on Linux article for more details and installation tips.

Linux distributions

[edit | edit source]
Name Latest version Architecture Based on Desktop Environment Active Recommended
General‑purpose
Fedora Atomic Fedora 44 x86,ARM Fedora GNOME,KDE Plasma, Sway,Budgie,COSMIC ✓ ✓
Fedora and its Spins Fedora 44 x86, ARM
and many others 		Independent Fedora(GNOME, KDE Plasma)

Spins(Xfce,Cinnamon, MATE,i3,LXQt,LXDE, SOAS, Sway, Budgie, Miracle, KDE Mobile,COSMIC)

✓ ✓
Ubuntu
and its flavors 		24.04 LTS (Desktop)
Other flavors 		x86, ARM Debian GNOME, Others (depending on flavor) ✓ ✓
Linux Mint 22 x86 Ubuntu Cinnamon, MATE, Xfce ✓ ✓
Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS x86
ARM (preview) 		Ubuntu COSMIC ✓ ~
Manjaro 24.x.x x86, ARM Arch Linux KDE Plasma, Xfce, GNOME ✓ ~
Raspberry Pi OS 2024-03-15 ARM, x86 Debian PIXEL ✓ ~[a 1]
Experienced‑user
Arch Linux Latest x86
ARM and others unofficially 		Independent Any ✓ ✓
CachyOS
 25.x.x. (Desktop)
 x86 Arch Linux KDE Plasma, GNOME, Others (depending on flavor) ✓ ✓
Debian 12.5 x86, ARM
and many others 		Independent GNOME (and others) ✓ ✓
Gaming-focused
Bazzite 2.3.0 x86 Fedora Atomic Steam Big Picture (for HTPC and handhelds),
KDE Plasma, GNOME (for desktop) 		✓ ✓
Nobara Project 40 x86 Fedora Linux KDE Plasma ✓ ✓
Garuda Linux
(KDE Dragonized Gaming edition) 		25.x.x x86 Arch Linux KDE Plasma ✓ ~
ChimeraOS 45 x86 Arch Linux Steam Big Picture ✓ ~[a 1]
SteamOS
HoloISO 		SteamOS 3.7
HoloISO 1.5 		x86 Arch Linux Steam Big Picture
KDE Plasma (for desktop use) 		✓ ~[a 1]
winesapOS 4.0.0 x86 Arch Linux KDE Plasma ✓ TBD
Drauger OS 7.6 x86 Ubuntu KDE Plasma ✓ TBD
Regata OS 23 "Honeycomb" x86 openSUSE KDE Plasma ✓ TBD
Emulation‑centric[a 1]
Batocera.linux 43.1 ARM, x86 Independent EmulationStation fork ✓ ✓
Lakka 6.1 ARM, x86 LibreELEC RetroArch ✓ ✓
Recalbox 10.1 ARM, x86 Independent EmulationStation ✓ ✓
RetroPie 4.8 ARM Raspberry Pi OS EmulationStation fork ✓ ✓
Elemenity OS 1.1 ARM64 Custom (supports RetroArch) ✓ ✓
Retro Home 22.189-alpha1 ARM, x86 Ubuntu Ludo ✗ TBD
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 These distributions are recommended but only for their intended hardware and/or specific niche use cases.

Comparisons

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Debian
Known for its rigorous testing and stability. Debian’s “stable” branch is perfect for servers or workstations where reliability outweighs cutting‑edge features, while “testing” and “unstable” branches give you newer packages.
Ubuntu
The most widely‑used desktop Linux, offering long‑term support (LTS) releases, a huge software repository, and extensive community documentation.
Linux Mint
Based on Ubuntu LTS, Mint provides a familiar Windows‑like interface (Cinnamon, MATE, or Xfce), out‑of‑the‑box multimedia codecs, and a reputation for stability.
Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian)
Developed for the Raspberry Pi line of single-board computers. Based on Debian, it is maintained by Raspberry Pi Holdings and optimized for the Pi's hardware, with low memory requirements and support for both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. Originally released in July 2012 under the name Raspbian, it was introduced shortly after the launch of the first Raspberry Pi model.
RetroPie
Designed for the Raspberry Pi (but also installable on generic Linux), RetroPie combines RetroArch, EmulationStation, and a suite of scripts to simplify controller configuration and ROM management.
Fedora
Red Hat’s upstream community distro. Fedora ships the latest GNOME desktop, SELinux security policies, and frequent updates, making it a great platform for developers and power users.
Bazzite
A solid choice for gamers and an excellent entry point for Linux newcomers who prioritize gaming. Its image‑based design makes the system stable, secure, and easy to use while delivering top‑tier hardware and game compatibility. Steam arrives pre‑installed, along with NVIDIA drivers, HDR and VRR support, and tuned CPU schedulers for responsive gameplay. A suite of community‑developed tools and tweaks further streamlines the streaming experience. Bazzite shines on x86 handhelds such as the ROG Ally, Legion Go, and HTPC setups. For desktop PCs, it offers a seamless, user‑friendly, and reliable environment—ideal for anyone who wants a hassle‑free experience. More advanced users seeking a less opinionated system and willing to tinker may prefer alternatives like CachyOS or Nobara.
Nobara Project
Based on Fedora, Nobara adds a collection of gaming‑optimised kernels, Wine/Proton tweaks, and pre‑configured repositories. It’s aimed at desktop gamers who want a Fedora‑rooted system with extra polish. It's spearheaded by GloriousEggroll, the creator of the GE‑Proton compatibility layer. While a handheld version exists, Nobara is primarily recommended for desktop PCs.
Arch Linux
A rolling‑release distro that follows the KISS principle. It provides a minimal base system and the powerful pacman package manager, letting you build exactly the environment you want.
CachyOS
An Arch‑based, rolling‑release distro that focuses on performance and customisation. It ships with the latest Linux kernel, a tuned CPU scheduler, and a collection of pre‑enabled optimisations (e.g., early‑oom killer, ZRAM). CachyOS targets enthusiasts who want a fast, bleeding‑edge system out of the box while retaining Arch’s flexibility.
SteamOS
Valve’s official Linux distribution, built on Arch Linux, delivers a console‑grade experience for PC‑gaming handhelds. It ships with the Steam client, a hardened KDE Plasma desktop, and a carefully selected stack of drivers and libraries that maximise compatibility with the latest games and Proton releases.
SteamOS 3.0 was originally created for the Steam Deck, Valve’s own handheld console, where it provides a seamless “plug‑and‑play” gaming environment out of the box.
Beginning in 2025, Valve broadened official support to include third‑party devices labelled “SteamOS Compatible,” such as the Lenovo Legion Go and ASUS ROG Ally. These devices receive the same driver set and integration guarantees as the Steam Deck, allowing users to enjoy a comparable handheld experience without buying Valve’s hardware.
While the installer can be run on a conventional desktop PC, the system is not optimised for that use case. For a easy to use desktop‑oriented gaming environment, Bazzite is the recommended alternative.
ChimeraOS
Focused on bringing the plug‑and‑play console gaming experience to PC, it's a great option for living room PCs. With a fully controller compatible interface that boots directly into into Steam Big Picture after installation. Comes with a in web app to install and manage games from any device.
Batocera
A turnkey, read‑only system that boots directly into a unified emulator front‑end (RetroArch). It supports a massive library of cores and works on everything from Raspberry Pi to x86 PCs.
Lakka
A lightweight distribution that turns any device into a RetroArch‑powered console, focusing on low resource usage and a clean UI.

Android

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AOSP
What does “AOSP Android” really mean?
Name Latest version Architecture Default Launcher Active Recommended
GrapheneOS https://grapheneos.org/releases ARM AOSP Launcher ✓ ✓
LineageOS 15.1 (Switch)
Raspberry Pi 3 builds
Raspberry Pi 4 builds
Raspberry Pi 5 builds 		ARM Trebuchet ✓ ~

See the Hardware features and Enhancements of sections of Android emulators for Android-x86 and its forks.

Android on x86
Name Latest version Architecture Default Launcher Active Recommended
BlissOS 16.9.x x86 Android-x86 fork
includes 3 launchers: Taskbar, Quickstep and Smart Dock. 		✓* ✓
Berry OS 2023-02-22 x86 Based on Android-x86 and Bliss OS
Mini Desktop launcher is pre-installed. 		✓ ✓
Android-x86 2022-03-25 x86 Trebuchet (KitKat version) ~* ~

See also

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For Ports of the Linux kernel on consoles, see Homebrew and ROM hacks#Operating_systems.
For Running Linux on PlayStation 2 (using the PS2 Linux kit), see PlayStation 2 emulators#Linux for PlayStation 2.
For Running Linux on PlayStation 3 (using OtherOS), see PlayStation 3 emulators#OtherOS.
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