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→With special hardware
;Before diving in
*Rip and dump terms are often used interchangeably, the old language specific to DVDs is rip, if you had Windows Media Player back in the Vista days you might be familiar with the Burn and Rip functions in there but in most retro game circles you're more likely to see "dump" definition used.<ref>[https://discord.com/channels/309643527816609793/315544036184293386/1147356690849742868 pandubz: discord message about ripping and dumping definitions]</ref> ''e.g. disc ripping and cartridge dumping''
*You can use [[FPGA]] or other boards-based (like Arduino Mega, which should be mentioned) hardware solutions such as GB Operator, [https://savethehero.builders/ Open Source Cartridge Reader] ([https://github.com/sanni/cartreader OSCR)] for dumping your cartridges to PC.[https://youtu.be/PVF-Paogpxk?t=424] See [[#Cartridge-based (Up to 4th Gen)]] section and [[FPGA]] page for more information.*In most cases, the [https://github.com/SabreTools/MPF/releases MPF software] handles disc ripping tasks with ease if you have a compatible optical drive (a crucial component for capable of reading the specific disc), making it the recommended choice for a majority of discs mentioned below.[https://youtu.be/PVF-Paogpxk?t=479]:*See [https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=500&offset=0&profile=default&search=hardware+features Hardware features] sections for each dedicated system on emugen wiki. Some of the emulators supports emulating those systems media capability and if your optical drive has no issues reading the disc, you dont even need to rip your discs to play it.
==Disc-based==
===Analog===
:;LaserDisc
:Ripping Capturing from laserdisc takes a lot more effort than ripping DVDs and possibly even more than a VHS rip capture depending on what features you want. Follow [https://anarchivism.org/w/How_to_Rip_Laserdisc this guide]. Also see [[Arcade_LaserDisc_emulators#Comparisons|Difference between captures for Daphne/Singe and dumps for MAME]] section.
==Tape/casette==
===With special hardware===
Special hardware dumping the cartridge contents to a more digital-friendly binary form has been made for older consoles(as we mentioned in "Before diving in" section). However, these pieces of hardware have been going out of print recently.
* Kazzo: for the NES.
* INLRetro: From the same person as Kazzo, but able to dump NES, SNES, N64, Sega Genesis, Famicom, GB, and GBA.
* Retrode: for the SNES and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. Third-party physical plug-ins add more systems, including the GB, GBA, N64, VB; Sega's Master System, Pico; NEC's PC-Engine; Atari 2600 and more. An NES add-on was said to be under development.
Bear in mind that when trying to dump cartridge games, there's a significant risk of having corrupt sectors in the resulting dump. If you're using your DIY adapters but don't know what you are doing, there's a risk of damaging the original cartridge due to out-of-spec voltages.
==GameCube/Wii==
===With a PC's optical drive===
Only some out-of-print models of DVD drives may read GC and Wii discs, mainly from LG (compatibility list [https://forums.dolphin-emu.org/Thread-howto-dump-wii-or-gamecube-games-with-pc-no-wii-needed here]). Even then, Windows won't recognize the disc as valid. You'll need a tool like Rawdump or Friidump to dump it ([https://github.com/SabreTools/MPF/releases MPF] software is recommended for this job). Make sure you convert the dump to ISO format.
===With homebrew===
*[https://wiki.no-intro.org/index.php?title=Dumping_Guides No-Intro Dumping Guides]
*[https://github.com/farmerbb/RED-Project/wiki| RED Project] - Information on extracting ROMs from a variety of products such as game compilation and mini consoles (still a work in progress)
*[[Wikipedia:ISO_9660|Wikipedia - ISO 9660]]
*[[Wikipedia:Ripping|Wikipedia - Ripping]]
