Changes

 ;Color encodingOn systems connected with a composite, s-video or rf cable the color of the video signal is encoded using either NTSC or PAL. While NTSC and PAL has become synonymous with 60 and 50hz, the color encoding is independent of refresh rate, with the Dreamcast popularising "PAL-60" modes in PAL regions. Note that a RGB or component video signal is not inherently NTSC or PAL coded. When playing on an emulator, [[NTSC filters]] can be used to produce an image similar to playing on a TV.  SECAM is a third color standard but due to many of the countries that used it were [[wikipedia:Second World|Second World]] and [[wikipedia:Third World|Third World]] few consoles would use that format, and consoles and home computers released in France would often use RGB SCART cables instead. See this [[wikipedia:SECAM#Countries_and_territories_that_use_SECAM|Wikipedia article]] for a list of current and former SECAM countries ;ColorspacesThe overwhelming majority of consoles uses the RGB colorspace, storing colors as color triplets, often resulting in colordepths powers of 8 (64, 512, 4096, 32768 and so on). A few systems, such as those by Atari as well as the NES, instead used a Color/Luminance scheme, with 4 bits determining the hue, utilising a property of NTSC/PAL encoding by delaying the color subcarrier, with one or more values instead omitting the signal resulting in a greyscale image, with the remaining bits determining the brightness. ;Integer Scaling{{Main|Scaling}}Upscaling the resolution will only look good if you scale it by integers (2x, 3x, 4x, etc.). If you are scaling with non-integers, you can make the image look better using the [[Shaders_and_Filters#Pixellate|Pixellate]] shader.==Console ResolutionsConsoles=====2D Consoles===;2D consoles generally are consoles from the 2nd to 4th generation of video game consoles, or fantasy consoles recreating the experience of them.

! scope="col"|Native Resolution(<abbr title="Width">W</abbr>x<abbr title="Height">H</abbr>)

! scope=''"col''"|Video display resolution

|128 (NTSC)/104 (PAL) colors, Color/Luminance

|256×192, 256×224, 256x240 (some PAL games)<ref group=N name=sms>When horizontally scrolling, the leftmost 8 pixels are blanked out, resulting in an effective 248x192 resolution. The 224 and 240 line modes have limited compatibility, in general SMS2 supports them while SMS1 and Megadrive in SMS backwards compatibility mode don't</ref>

|[[Game Boy/Game Boy Color Sega Genesis emulators|Game Boy/ColorSega 32X]]|160×144320×224, 320x240 (PAL only)|15-bit, RGB |240p|59.922751013551 (NTSC), 49.701460119948 (4 shades of grey for nonPAL)|-|[[Neo Geo and variants|SNK Neo Geo AES]]|320x224|16-color gamesbit, RGBI|240p|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=N name=five></ref>|144p} ===3D Consoles===;3D consoles generally are consoles from the 5th generation and later, or fantasy consoles recreating the experience of them.{|59.727500569606class="wikitable"

! scope="col"|[[Master System emulators|Sega Game Gear]]! scope="col"|160x144 (native GG mode), 256x192 downscaled Native Resolution (SMS backwards compatible mode<abbr title="Width">W</abbr>x<abbr title="Height">H</abbr>)! scope="col"|4096 colors, RGB (64 Color depth and color in SMS backwards compatibility mode)space! scope="col"|144pVideo display resolution! scope="col"|59.922751013551Native Refresh Rate (Hz)

|320x200, 320x400, 320x240, 320x480, 640×240, 640×480, 640x600<ref group=N O name=two>While N64 games ran at various resolutions internally, in practice the hardware's VI component always doubled the scale horizontally, and output in either 640x240p or 640x480i, though there is letterboxing at times.</ref>|15-bit/21-bit, RGB<ref group=N O name=n64>The N64 can use either either 18-bit (15 bits of RGB and 3 bits of alpha) or 32-bit framebuffer, however the DAC is only capable of outputting 21-bit RGB</ref>

|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=N O name=five>Preliminary or approximate value.</ref>

320×448i, 320×480i, 320×512i, 320×480i, 352×448i, 320×480i, 352×512i, 640×448i, 640×480i, 640×512i, 704×448i, 704×480i, 704×512i

|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=N O name=five></ref>

|256×224p, 256x240p, 320x224p, 320×240p, 352x224p368x224p, 352x240p368x240p, 512x224p, 512×240p, 640x224p, 640x240p, 704x224p, 704x240p256x448i, 256x480i, 320x448i, 320x480i, 352x448i368x448i, 352x480i368x480i, 512x448i, 512x480i, 640x448i, 640×480i, 704x448i, 704x480i<ref group=O name=psxres>https://www.problemkaputt.de/psxspx-gpu-status-register.htm</ref>

256x448p, 256x480p, 320x448p, 320x480p, 352x448p368x448p, 352x480p368x480p, 512x448p, 512x480p, 640x448p, 640×480p, 720x448p, 720x480p|16-bit/24-bit, RGB<ref group=N O name=psx>The PSX can use a 16-bit or 24-bit framebuffer, however most of the GPU's commands can only render onto a 16-bit framebuffer</ref>|240p, 480i (NTSC), 480p, <ref group=O name=playstation>The PSX does support 480p mode if you use an RGB SCART (or VGA) cable, see [https://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1352]</ref> 576i (PAL)

|60<ref group=N P name=five>Preliminary or approximate value.</ref>

|800x240 top screen<ref group=N P name=four>This is the "true" resolution of the top screen and what games will be rendered at in full 3d mode, however, due to said 3d effect the horizontal resolution is effectively halved. Each eye will only see 400x240 and games run in 2d mode will (normally) be rendered at 400x240 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_3DS#Hardware].</ref>

|60<ref group=N P name=five></ref>

==Home computers=={| class="wikitable"|-! scope="col"|System! scope="col"|Native Resolution (<abbr title="Width">W</abbr>x<abbr title="Height">H</abbr>)! scope="col"|Color encodingdepth and color space! scope="col"|Video display resolution! scope="col"|Native Refresh Rate (Hz)On systems connected with |-|[[Apple II line|Apple II]]|280x192|6 colors (high res), 15 colors (low res) <ref group=Q name=apple>The original Apple II doesn't actually implement color in hardware, instead utilising a composite, s-quirk of how NTSC displays video or rf cable the to generate color of , as the video signal pixel clock is encoded using either the same as the NTSC or subcarrier. As a consequence, PAL. While NTSC Apple IIs would display in black and white unless a separate PAL has become synonymous with color card was added</ref>|240p,288p|60 and 50hz(NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=Q name=five>Preliminary or approximate value.</ref>|-|[[Atari 8-bit|Atari 8-bit]]|160x192,320x192|128/256 colors, Color/Luminance <ref group=Q name=atari>The early Atari 400/800 models used the color encoding is independent of refresh rateCTIA chip which supports 128 colors, with models manufactured after 1981 used the Dreamcast popularising "updated GTIA chip which increases this to 256</ref>|240p,288p|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=Q name=five></ref>|-60" modes in PAL regions|[[POS (Pong Consoles) CPUs and Other Chips#x86 CPUs|IBM PC (CGA)]]|320x200,640x200|16 colors, RGBI <ref group=Q name=cga>This is with the digital CGA connector. Note that a RGB or component Demos have managed to display 1024 colors with CGA over composite video signal is not inherently NTSC [https://int10h.org/blog/2015/04/cga-in-1024-colors-new-mode-illustrated/]</ref>|240p|60<ref group=Q name=five>Preliminary or PAL codedapproximate value. When playing on an emulator, </ref>|-|[[NTSC filtersCommodore 64 emulators|Commodore 64]] can be used |160x200,320x200<ref group=Q name=c64>It is possible to produce an image similar to playing on trick the VIC-II chip into drawing sprites outside this area, yielding a TV.higher resolution</ref>|16 colors|240p,288p|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=Q name=Integer Scalingfive></ref>|-|[[ZX Spectrum line|Sinclair ZX Spectrum]]|256x192|15 colors, RGBI|288p|50 (PAL)<ref group=Q name=five></ref>{{Main|Scaling}}-|[[Amstrad CPC emulators|Amstrad CPC464/664/6128]]Upscaling |160x200,320x200,640x200<ref group=Q name=cpc>These are the resolution will only look good if you scale it standard resolutions usable by the system, by integers reprogramming the CRTC resolutions as high as 768x272 are possible</ref>|27 colors, RGB|288p|50 (2xPAL)<ref group=Q name=five></ref>|-|[[Amstrad CPC emulators|Amstrad 464+/6128+]]|160x200, 3x320x200, 4x640x200|4096 colors, etc.RGB|288p|50 (PAL). If you are scaling with non<ref group=Q name=five></ref>|-integers, you can make the image look better using the |[[Shaders_and_FiltersPOS (Pong Consoles) CPUs and Other Chips#Pixellatex86 CPUs|PixellateIBM PC (EGA)]] shader|320x200,640x200,640x350|16 colors (200 line modes), 64 colors (350 line modes), RGB|240p, 350p|60<ref group=Q name=five>Preliminary or approximate value.</ref>|-|[[Apple IIGS emulators|Apple IIGS]]|320x200,640x200|4096 colors, RGB|240p,288p|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=Q name=five></ref>|-|[[Category:FAQsAmiga line|Commodore Amiga]]|320x200,640x200,640x400,320x256,640x256,640x512|4096 colors, RGB|240p,288p,480i,576i|60 (NTSC), 50 (PAL)<ref group=Q name=five></ref>|}