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The '''[[wikipedia:PlayStation_(console)|PlayStation]]''' (frequently referred to in shorthand as the '''PS1''') is a fifth-generation console released by [[wikipedia:Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony Computer Entertainment]] on December 3, 1994, in Japan and September 9, 1995, in the US, and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|299.99|1995}}. It had an R3000 CPU (which was used by NASA to take pictures of Mars because of its reliability) at 33.8688 MHz with 2 MBs of RAM and 1 MB of VRAM. It used a proprietary MDEC video compression unit integrated into the CPU, allowing for playback of full-motion video at a higher quality than other consoles of its generation. It had better stereo sound than that of other stereos at that time.

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==Emulators==

! scope="col"|Name

! scope="col"|Platform(s)

! scope="col"|Version

! scope="col"|<small>[[#Arcade_variations|Arcade<br/>Variations]]</small>

! scope="col"|[[#Enhancements|Enhancements]]

! scope="col"|<abbr title="Free/Libre and Open-Source Software">FLOSS</abbr>

! scope="col"|Active

|[[DuckStation]]

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|{{~}}<ref group=N>[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/ PCSX-ReARMed fork is still active.]</ref>

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|[[ePSXe]]

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|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epsxe.ePSXe {{EpsxeAndroidVer}}]

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|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emulator.fpse {{FpseAndroidVer}}]

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<references group=N />

===Comparisons===

====PC====

;[[Mednafen]]

:;Beetle PSX

;[[XEBRA]]

;[[BizHawk]]

;[[No$|NO$PSX]]

:;[https://pcsx-redux.consoledev.net/ PCSX-Redux]

::Latest iteration of PCSX but without plugin system and create a single monolithic codebase that handles all aspects of the playstation emulation. Heavily focused on development, debuggability, and reverse engineering, but still perfectly usable to run PlayStation 1 titles. PCSX-Redux also supports [https://github.com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux/tree/main/src/mips/openbios OpenBIOS] - a free, truly open source bios replacement for the ps1, which works on the real hardware and emulators.

;[[ePSXe]]

:Was slated to become an open-source, full-system emulator like DuckStation, with the caveat being that it could load games without a BIOS. That never panned out, as development has largely stopped.

====Consoles====

* PS2PSXe is an unofficial PS1 emulator for the PS2. However, compatibility is very low. Double disc swapping (using the same method as a real PS1) is required for PS2s with model numbers SCPH-100xx - SCPH-390xx.

* WiiSX is a port of PCSX to the Wii. Compatibility is fairly low due to the weak power of the Wii and the differing hardware designs that make PowerPC requirements a little stronger. It's generally not worth using since it doesn't get updated.

==Enhancements==

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! colspan=2 | Name

! XEBRA

! No$PSX

! PCSX-Redux

! PCSX-ReARMed

! [[Official_emulators#Sony|Official Sony emulators]]

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| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=PlayStationOriginals>No PSX backwards compatible game has trophy support or enhancements for PS2/PS3 or PSP/Vita via these official emulators. But [[Wikipedia:High-definition_remasters_for_PlayStation_consoles#PlayStation_4|PSX games that received HD '''ports''' for PS4]], do.</ref>

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| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=Texture>Both [https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/pull/2224 DuckStation's texture-replacement-PR] and [https://docs.libretro.com/library/beetle_psx_hw/#texture-replacements-vulkan-only beetle-psx-'''hw'''-libretro (mednafen_psx_'''hw'''_libretro)] support this feature but still work-in-progress/experimental and incompatible with each others implementation.</ref>

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| [[Shaders_and_filters|Filters]]

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| [[Shader_Presets|Shader Chain]]

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| [[Wikipedia:Macro_(computer_science)|Macros/Scripts]]/[https://tasvideos.org/LuaScripting Lua]

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| {{Y}}[https://github.com/garungorp/MouseInjectorDolphinDuck *]

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<references group=N3/>

===Parallel/Precision Geometry Transform Pipeline===

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| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/playstation_mouse.cpp *]

| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Settings+Reference *]

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| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/negcon.cpp *]

| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Settings+Reference *]

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| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/guncon.cpp *]

| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Settings+Reference *]

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| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/multitap.cpp *]

| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Section_multitap *]

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<references group=N2/>

===''Densha De Go!'' controller===

Also available for the [[Nintendo 64 emulators|Nintendo 64]], ''Densha De Go!'' is a Japan-only train simulator released by [[Wikipedia:Taito|Taito]] that is compatible with an optional special controller.<ref name="Youtube">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuxf5QhdWIo|title=Densha de Go! gameplay with controller - Playstation PS1|publisher=Youtube|accessdate=2018-04-03|date=2017-05-05}}</ref> No emulator is known to support it.

::See [[Home_Media_Player#Emulators|this dedicated page]] for more information about home media playback support for emulation softwares.

==[https://www.system16.com/base.php#1 Arcade variations]==

Polygons may jitter as a result of low-precision, fixed-point (to the native resolution) math, but this is mostly unnoticeable at native resolutions. Emulators that can increase the internal resolution of games have attempted to fix this.

Many PlayStation games dither to varying degrees due to having a low color depth. On most TVs, this dithering would blend in order to make new colors and smooth gradients. Plugin-based emulators usually have graphical plugins that use a 32-bit color depth, which removes dithering, while software-rendered plugins and emulators tend to retain it. While higher color depth can be considered an enhancement since it results in less noise and smooth gradients, some think of dithering as seen on real hardware as added shading and texture, especially on untextured polygons. The emulators that use software rendering and can increase the internal resolution of games can retain dithering for the shading and texturing aspect, and it's made more subtle by shrinking the artifacts.

::1. Use the '''Mooby2 2.8''' CD-ROM plugin, and uncheck 'subchannel reading' in the plugin's settings.

::(Just in case: also make sure 'repeat all cdda' is checked, and 'cdda volume' is set to something like 50 or 60, or else you won't hear anything.)

* If running '''ePSXe''' or a similar emulator on an old '''Windows''' OS (E.g., 9x, ME, 2000, XP), use [http://radified.com/ASPI/forceaspi.htm ForceASPI] to initialize the ASPI layer (For your disc drive) and a plugin like '''P.E.Op.S.''' CDR Version 1.4 plugin or similar. Then set the plugin to "W2K/XP IOCTL scsi commands" before running your PS1 CDs.

<!-- Much of these notes on the troubleshooting and issues for CD images were based off collections of information at www.epforums.org and www.ngemu.com's threads -->

For more information about PlayStation hardware and reverse engineering;

* MVG: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8TO-nrUtSI Why PlayStation 1 Graphics Warped and Wobbled so much], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HOBQ7HifLE How the Sony PlayStation PS1 Security was defeated], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi-Wzl6BwRM Why did the PlayStation 1 have so much Dithering?], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtE5hmlrcBo How the Sony PlayStation Net Yaroze DevKit brought Indie Game Development to Consoles]

* [https://www.copetti.org/writings/consoles/playstation/ Rodrigo Copetti: PlayStation Architecture analysis]

* [https://psdevwiki.com/ps1/ PSDevWiki: PlayStation 1]

* [https://ps1.consoledev.net/reverse_engineering/ consoledev: PlayStation 1]

* [https://problemkaputt.de/psxspx-contents.htm no$psx: Playstation Specifications]

==Resources==

[[Category:Sony consoles]]

[[Category:PlayStation emulators‎|*]]