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The '''[[wikipedia:PlayStation_(console)|PlayStation]]''' (frequently referred to in shorthand as the '''PS1''') is a fifth generation console released by [[wikipedia:Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony Computer Entertainment]] on December 3, 1994 in Japan and September 9, 1995 in the US. It was retailed for $299 ($491.90 in 2018 money). It had a R3000 CPU (which was used by NASA for a space craft to take pictures of Mars because of it's reliablity) at 33.8688 MHz with 2MB of RAM and 1MB of VRAM. It used a proprietary MDEC video compression unit, which is integrated into the CPU, allowing for playback of full motion video at a higher quality than other consoles of its generation. It actually had better stereo sound that other stereos at that time.
! colspan|[[DuckStation]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|Mac}}|[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/releases/tag/preview Preview]<br />[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/releases/tag/latest Latest]<br />[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/releases/tag/v0.1-4918 Legacy]<abbr title="10If you are having problems with the new builds, you can use this one instead.">*</abbr><br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ <abbr title="Hard fork and open-source Libretro core implementation of DuckStation">SwanStation</abbr>]|{{✗}}|{{~}}|{{✓}}|[https://github.com/duckstation-unoff-issue-tracker-admin/duckstation-unofficial-issue-tracker/issues ?]|{{✓}}|{{✓}}|PC{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|<abbr title="Exclusive to Libretro, but comes with significant slowdown.">{{✓}}</abbr>
|High
|High
|{{✓}}
|High
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|-
|[[Rustation]]
|Windows, Linux, macOS
|[http://github.com/simias/rustation Git]
|{{✗}}
|High
|{{✗}}
|Mid
|Mid
|-|[[pSX]]|Windows, Linux|[httphttps://www.emulator-zonepsxdev.comnet/docforum/viewtopic.php/psx/psx_em.html 1.13?t=3848 ?]|{{✗}}|{{✗}}|{{✗}}|{{✗}}|Mid|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|Mid
|{{✗}}
|Mid
|{{✓}}
|Mid
|{{✓}}
|Low-Mid
|-
|[[ePSXe]]
|Multi-platform
|[http://www.epsxe.com/download.php 2.0.5]
|{{✓}}
|[[Recommended_PS1_Plugins|Plugin dependent]]|{{✓~}}[https://gitlab.com/flio/rustation-ng/-/commits/master <abbr title="Rustation NG still active.">*</abbr>]
|[[Recommended_PS1_Plugins|Plugin dependent]]|{{✓~}}
|[[Recommended_PS1_Plugins|Plugin dependent]]
! colspan="10"|ConsoleConnectix VGS|-|[[Official Sony Emulators]]<br />(POPS)|[[PlayStation Portable emulatorsalign=left|PSP]], [[PlayStation 2 emulators{{Icon|PS2]], [[PlayStation 3 emulatorsWindows|PS3]], [[PlayStation Vita emulators|PSVita]]macOS}}|61.60 (PSP)<br />r13 (PS2)<br />4.82 (PS3)<br />2.60 (PSVita)1|{{✗}}
|Mid-High
|{{✓}}
|Low-Mid
|Low
|Mid
|Mid
|Mid
* ;[[DuckStation]]:Quickly became a top contender on the basis that it has high compatibility and a built-in modern QT GUI. Its stated goal is to be "as [[Emulation accuracy|accurate]] as possible while maintaining performance suitable for low-end devices." While PCSX-R has long dethroned ePSXe in features, DuckStation is the first to address all the shortcomings of plugin-based offerings thus far, as all of its features are available out-of-the-box, and no configuration is necessary to get games running outside of obtaining the original system firmware. Duckstation has modern [[#Enhancements|enhancements]] built-in (one of the best emulator when it comes to enhancement capabilities, similar to Mesen, Bsnes, Dolphin, Flycast, BigPEmu, PPSSPP and PCSX2) and supports some of the [[#Hardware_features_and_peripherals|hardware features, peripherals]]. An Android version is also available, although it doesn't have feature parity with the desktop builds. ;[[Mednafen]]'s PlayStation emulation is :Is heavily focused on [[Emulation Accuracyaccuracy|accuracy]], which makes and also it has very compatible, and itgood compatibility. It's even been known to outperform Sony's official PSone PlayStation emulator in some of the accuracy tests. <!-- Do note if you find an exception, though. --> However, there are a few small hurdles to using it; it requires a very specific BIOS for each region, and the program itself interfaces from the terminal/command-line a shell only; it has no GUI. You can still drag-and-drop cue CUE files on into the executable to load games, and the program logs will log errors to a text file called <code>stdout</code> whenever a crash happens. There are external External GUI launchers are available like Mednaffe. Both [[RetroArch]] and [[BizHawk]] have cores based on this emulator, and they're easier to use because they have frontends.** :;Beetle PSX is the name of ::This fork by the RetroArch fork of Mednafen's PS1 emulation. It developers has several experimental modifications and [[#Enhancements|enhancements ]] that aren't present in the standalone version, including a widescreen hack, CPU overclocking for smoother framerates, and increasing the internal resolution up to 8x. Increasing the resolution carries a ''heavy'' performance cost, however, since graphics are rendered in -software; , an alternative core exists for hardware rendering. See [https://www.maketecheasier.com/retroarch-ps1-emulation/ this 2018 guide] for setting up Beetle HW in RetroArch. Needs high-end specifications to run at full speed for Android and iOS devices. ;[[XEBRA]]:An emulator made in Japan that also has high compatibility though games that require subchannel data are not supported. It is heavily focused on [[Emulation accuracy|accuracy]] similar to Mednafen. The UI is in English, but because it's not the developer's native language, some of the naming conventions may seem weird compared to other emulators (for example, the BIOS is referred to as OSROM). Luckily, there's a [https://www.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/9a4mwk/xebra_guide_ps1_emulator/ guide] that helps explain how each option works. Also supports some of the [[#Hardware_features_and_peripherals|hardware features and peripherals]] which is not found in other recommended emulators. ;[[BizHawk]]:Uses two cores ported from [[Mednafen]] for PlayStation emulation: "Octoshock" core (by zeromus) and "[https://github.com/TASEmulators/BizHawk/pull/3093 Nymashock]" core (by CasualPokePlayer). [https://www.speedrun.com/twl/thread/nl2de BizHawk emulator is accepted by Speedrun community] and actually more preferred compared to other recommended emulators because: it's more suitable for catching those who try and pass off RTA runs as TASes. The "Nymashock" core is more preferred between the two, with public talks about removing the "Octoshock" core. Further that [https://www.speedrun.com/ctr/forums/sqeu6 only Mednafen and BizHawk accepted for certain games like CTR].
* ;[[PCSX-ReloadedNo$|PCSX-RNO$PSX]] is an open-source [[Recommended_PS1_Plugins|plugin]]-based emulator. The main reason :Has two versions, but standard users will want to use this over Mednafen is that its internal resolution can be raised with little to no performance hitsthe cut-down gaming version.** '''PGXP''' is a fork of PCSX-R that adds texture correctionMade in the same style as NO$GBA, polygon wobble reductionwhere it handles the PocketStation, and polygon culling reduction. It also adds CPU overclocking and allows a hack that was originally disabled in PCSXit offers decent compatibility with very low-R.** PCSX-ReARMed spec requirements – the programmer's philosophy is an ARM port to deliver a working application out of PCSX-R, sharing a similar core, but optimized for portable handheld devices. The biggest draw is its NEON software renderer, which is both fast and accurate and has the ability to render at higher resolutions without resorting to HLE pluginsbox.
* [[ePSXe]] ;PCSX:PCSX is a fairly standard [[Recommended_PS1_Plugins|plugin]]-based playstation emulator like PCSX-R, and as such the accuracy is typically about by the same between team that announced the two. Its closed-source nature has had it constantly lagging behind in features, which is why it's not recommended. <small>A developer had also edited the [[PS1 Tests]] page in preparation for version first Playstation 2.0.0, representing a conflict of interest.</small> Since version 1.8.0, ePSXe has also been commercially available on Android, but it's also not recommendedemulator.
* :;[[XEBRAPCSX-Reloaded]] ::An open-source, plugin-based emulator based on PCSX-df, itself based on PCSX. It is a <abbr title="Because of thisno longer recommended, as DuckStation has all the same benefits as PCSX-R without needing to use forks or old plugins.::;PCSX-ReARMed:::An ARM fork whose biggest draw is its NEON software renderer, there are no known UI mods which is both fast and accurate and can render at this timehigher resolutions without resorting to HLE plugins. It was given the seal of approval by Sony after being used in the official PlayStation Classic emulation box."<ref>Japanese[https://youtu.be/FQWzpnoiLbI?t=103 MVG: The Sony PlayStation Classic - One Week Later]</abbrref> emulator, but it has very high compatibility. Games that require subchannel data are not supported, but most other games run flawlessly.
* :;[[No$|NO$PSXhttps://pcsx-redux.consoledev.net/ PCSX-Redux]] has two versions::Latest iteration of PCSX but without plugin system and create a single monolithic codebase that handles all aspects of the playstation emulation. Heavily focused on development, debuggability, and reverse engineering, but standard users will want still perfectly usable to use the cutrun PlayStation 1 titles. PCSX-down gaming versionRedux also supports [https://github. Made in the same style as [[No$|NO$GBA]com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux/tree/main/src/mips/openbios OpenBIOS]- a free, where it handles truly open source bios replacement for the PocketStationps1, it offers decent compatibility with very low spec requirements – the programmer's philosophy is to deliver a working application out of which works on the box. It is still being actively developedreal hardware and emulators.
* ;[[PSXMAME]]fin is a simpler emulator with a lot :By nature of compatibility issuessupporting arcade systems similar to the PlayStation,<ref name=MAME's "psXcompatSony PlayStation"driver (<code>http://psx.silvanthalas.com/psx.htmlpsj</refcode> ) is considered "preliminary", but it works; it can boot to the BIOS and launch games but expect bugs, especially when using different BIOSesbetween hardware revisions. Development has been halted and it The MAME project as a whole remains closed-source. Itactive, but there's really only useful no incentive for very old toastersany of its developers to work on the PS1 driver.
* ;[[AvocadoePSXe]] :Despite having widespread name recognition, it is one of unfortunately not an emulator we recommend using on PC anymore. The [[source code]] is closed, meaning development is beholden to the few openoriginal developers. Updates have brought it on par with PCSX-source PS1 emulators R, but that does not require isn't enough. They are also selling a plugin-based system. It is relatively new on the scenepaid Android port.
* ;[[MAMEPSX]] is fin:A simpler emulator with a very broad emulator known to support thousands lot of systemscompatibility issues. It has a focus for accuracy, much like Mednafen, but when it comes to the <ref name="Sony PlayStationpsXcompat" driver (<code>psjhttp://psx.silvanthalas.com/psx.html</coderef>), the developers still call it "preliminary"Development has been halted, and have marked it as "Not Working"remains closed-source. It can boot to the BIOS and launch games, but much like they say, you can expect bugs, especially between hardware revisions. The MAME project as a whole remains active, but don't expect it to work any time soons really only useful for very old toasters.
* ;[[PCSX2Avocado]] is a PlayStation 2 :Was slated to become an open-source, full-system emulatorlike DuckStation, but emulation of a hardware feature has been merged into with the main project caveat being that allows the same backward compatibility with PS1 it could load gameswithout a BIOS. HoweverThat never panned out, one thing to note is that backward compatibility in the original PS2 hardware didn't cover all games in the PS1 library, and these limitations still extend to PCSX2's emulationas development has largely stopped.
For an in====Backwards-depth analysis of each compatible emulators====;[[PCSX2]]:This emulator on a technical level, check out supports PlayStation 2 backwards compatibility [[PS1 TestsPlayStation_2_emulators#Hardware_features_and_accessories|hardware feature]]. However, one thing to note is that backward compatibility in the original PlayStation 2 hardware didn't cover all the games in the PlayStation 1 library, and naturally these limitations carry forward to PCSX2's emulation, on top of that PCSX2's backwards compatibility emulation still not perfect at the moment.
It's generally recommended to use Mednafen or PCSX-R (or one of its forks). Many use Mednafen for its accuracy at native resolution, :See [[PlayStation_2_emulators#Hardware_features_and_accessories|PlayStation 2 emulators hardware features and PCSX-R peripherals section]] for 3D games (that don't use prerendered backgrounds) because of support for plugins which allow for better graphics quality than original hardware. Unfortunately, the best plugins for increasing internal resolution and shader support (Pete's OpenGL2 v2.9 and Edgbla gpuBladesoft v1.42a) are closed-source and haven't been updated in yearsmore information.
'''Detailed round-ups of ;[[RPCS3]]:This emulator supports PlayStation 3 backwards compatibility [[PlayStation_3_emulators#Hardware_features_and_peripherals|hardware feature]]. However there is no [[PocketStation_emulators|PocketStation]] communication and [[Official_emulators#PlayStation|ps1_emu]] support at the best PS1 emulators:'''* moment, only ps1_netemu is supported. [https://www.digitaltrendstwitter.com/gamingrpcs3/best-ps1-status/1125179092507201537?lang=en Tweet from 6 May 2019]: "RPCS3 supports Sony's PS1_netemu as of today. PS2emu is not yet supported. Both these emulators-are present in the PS3 Firmware for-androd-backwards compatibility." [[Official_emulators#PlayStation_2|ps2_emu]] used for PlayStation 2 emulation, [[Official_emulators#PlayStation|ps1_emu]] used for disc based PlayStation games and-pc[https://github.com/RPCS3/rpcs3/issues/ The best PS1 emulators 14632 ps1_netemu for Android and PCPlayStation Classics from PSN] (October 16, 2018. Reviews may be subjective.)
'''List of recommended PS1 emulators for Android:'''* See [[https://www.androidauthority.com/best-playstation-emulators-android-694579/ 5 best PlayStation_3_emulators#Hardware_features_and_peripherals|PlayStation 3 emulators hardware features and peripherals section]] for Android] (SEPTEMBER 3, 2018. Includes some emulators not found in above charts. Reviews may be subjectivemore information.)
PS1 games use the CD-ROM XA (eXtended Architecture) format which is based on CDi and allows developers to use both CD-ROM and CD-DA (audio) tracks on the same disc.<ref name="PSX_CD-DA_CDs">[https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_with_CD_audio_tracks.html List of PlayStation games with CD-DA] (From deprecated Wikipedia article - dated 11/27/2016)</ref> Certain image formats and CD dumping methods don't support this format correctly and end up with the CD-DA tracks missing or corrupted, hence no audio. The ISO format in particular only stores the content of a CD-ROM filesystem and cannot store CD-DA tracks at all so . So it's generally a very bad idea to use ISO for PS1 games (even though it should work for games which are single -trackgames). Even running an ISO file based on a PS1 game (i.e. , [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_Racer_(1993_video_game) ''Ridge Racer''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_Raider#Games ''Tomb Raider ''] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_Raider_(1996_video_game) ''1'']-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_Raider_II ''2'']) with CD-DA audio may often cause an emulator such as '''ePSXe''' and other peers to freeze and/or hang up, especially during loading of a saved data or in-game levels and transactions.* However, a mounted image (Using '''Daemon Tools'''), running from a CD-ROM or using the '''Mooby2''' plugin can solve these CD-DA problems. The mdsMDS/mdf MDF format is good for backing up the CD-DA , audio-equipped PS1 games. However, although the best Image format for any PS1 game is the cueCUE/bin BIN format, the . The reason being that almost all of the burning programs can read it , and the relevant patching programs (i.e. , '''PPF-O-Matic''') are designed for that format. '''Clone CD''' images in imgIMH/ccd CCD format provide another ideal option as it has virtually the same structure as cueCUE/bin BIN format (The img IMH file is the same data as a bin BIN file at the hex level). However, although the available burning programs are largely not able unable to read Clone CD's format. '''ISObuster''' and '''ImgBurn''' are good tools for some of the aforementioned notes.<ref name="ECM-APE_Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.epforums.org/showthread.php?57757-ECM-And-APE-Guide|title=ECM And APE Guide |publisher=www.epforums.org|accessdate=2018-Oct-05|date=2011-Feb-16; Last edited: 2017-Jan-15}}</ref>
[[Category:Fifth-generation_video_game_consoles]]
no edit summary
|logo = sony-1.png
|developer = [[:Sony]]
|type = [[:Category:ConsolesHome consoles|Home video game console]]
|generation = [[:Category:Fifth-generation_video_game_consoles|Fifth generation]]
|release = 1994
|emulated = {{✓}}
}}
{{for|other emulators that run on PS1 hardware|Emulators on PS1}} The '''[[wikipedia:PlayStation_(console)|PlayStation]]''' (frequently referred to in shorthand as the '''PS1''') is a fifth-generation console released by [[wikipedia:Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony Computer Entertainment]] on December 3, 1994, in Japan and September 9, 1995, in the US, and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|299.99|1995}}. It had an R3000 CPU (which was used by NASA to take pictures of Mars because of its reliability) at 33.8688 MHz with 2 MBs of RAM and 1 MB of VRAM. It used a commercial successproprietary MDEC video compression unit integrated into the CPU, partly due to being relatively easy to program allowing for compared playback of full-motion video at a higher quality than other consoles of its generation. It had better stereo sound than that of other stereos at that time. The PS1 was particularly attractive to others at developers because of the time relative ease of programming and because its the low cost of CD-based media . Sony also had a more inclusive policy towards third party developers, resulting in more third party games than the N64. A PS1 CD had a maximum capacity of 600MB, while the N64's was limited to 64MB. [[History_of_emulation#PlayStation|PlayStation emulation has been available since the late 1990s]], and was cheaper generally better than the competitioncomparable Nintendo 64 offerings despite the use of a plugin system. The plugins and emulators were often closed-source, rarely updated, and of questionable accuracy, but new offerings emerging starting in the mid-2010s offer high accuracy, many enhancements over the original hardware, or both.
__TOC__
==Emulators==
<div style="overflow-x:auto;width:100%">{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;width:100%"|-
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Operating SystemPlatform(s)
! scope="col"|Version
! scope="col"|Plugins<small>[[#Arcade_variations|Arcade<br/>Variations]]</small>! scope="col"|Open-Source<small>[[#Hardware_features_and_peripherals|Hardware features<br/>and peripherals]]</small>! scope="col"|[[libretro#Enhancements|Libretro CoreEnhancements]]! scope="col"|Compatibility! scope="col"|<abbr title="Resizable Internal ResolutionFree/Libre and Open-Source Software">RIRFLOSS</abbr>! scope="col"|[[Emulation Accuracy|Accuracy]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulatorsemulators|Recommended]]|-! colspan="10"|PC / x86
|-
|-
|[[Mednafen]]
|Multi-platformalign=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}|[{{MednafenURL|releases/}} {{MednafenVer}}]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ <abbr title="This is port of Mednafen PSX core to the libretro API.">Beetle/Beetle HW</abbr>]
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{~}}
|[https://forum.fobby.net/index.php?t=msg&th=1114&start=0& ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[[XEBRA]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[httphttps://drhell.web.fc2.com/ps1/ 10/27/2018 Build]|xebra221106.zip {{✗XebraVer}}]
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{✗}}
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}
|-
|[[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-R-PGXPBizHawk]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}|[http://ngemutasvideos.comorg/threadsBizHawk/pcsxr-pgxpReleaseHistory.186369html {{BizHawkVer}}]<br/ PGXP build] (>[https://githubgitlab.com/iCatButlerTASVideos/BizHawk/-/pcsxr Gitpipelines Dev builds])|{{✓✗}}|{{✓~}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✓}}|[[Recommended_PS1_Plugins|Plugin dependent]]?
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}
|-
|PSXACT[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/ <abbr title="Only available as a libretro core.">PCSX-ReARMed</abbr>]<br/>''<small>[[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-R]]/[[PCSX-Reloaded|PGXP]] (Obsolete)</small>''|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}|[https://gitlabbuildbot.libretro.com/beannaichnightly/psxact GitPCSX-ReARMed]<br/>''<small>[http://ngemu.com/threads/pcsxr-pgxp.186369/ PGXP build] (Obsolete)<br />[http://www.emucr.com/2019/03/pcsx-reloaded-git-20190307.html PCSX-R SVN builds] (Obsolete)</small>''
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{~}}
|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/#compatibility ?]<br/><small>[[Recommended_PS1_plugins|(Plugin dependent)]]</small>
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}<ref group=N>[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/ PCSX-ReARMed fork is still active.]</ref>
|{{~}}<ref group=N>If you have a potato/low-end tier setup or incompatibility issues with [[DuckStation]]/[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ <abbr title="unofficial libretro core">SwanStation</abbr>], [[mednafen]]/[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ <abbr title="This is port of Mednafen PSX core to the libretro API.">Beetle/Beetle HW</abbr>] or [[XEBRA]] try your luck with [https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ PCSX-ReARMed].</ref>
|-
|[[ares]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares/releases {{aresVer}}]<br >[https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares/actions git]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|[https://ares-emu.net/compatibility 54%<br/><small>90 out of 165 reported titles</small>]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|-
|[[Avocado]https://pcsx-redux.consoledev.net/ PCSX-Redux]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows, |Linux|macOS}}|[https://github.com/JaCzekanskigrumpycoders/Avocado Gitpcsx-redux#where Dev Builds]
|{{✗}}
|{{✓~}}
|{{✗}}
|[https://github.com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux/issues ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>([https://github.com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux#what-works WIP])</small>
|-
|[[No$|NO$PSX]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[http://problemkaputt.de/psx.htm 2.02]|{{✗}}|{{✗}}|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|-
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hpsx64/ hpsx64]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hpsx64/files/Source/ 0232{{hpsx64Ver}}] ([http://www.emucr.com/search/label/hpsx64|{{✗}}|?&max-results=16 Alt])
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|-
|[[MAME]]
|Multi-platformalign=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}|<abbr title="Latest development version">git artifacts</abbr><ref group=N>[https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-windows/master CI-Windows] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-linux/master CI-Linux] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-macos/master CI-Macos]</ref></br>[http://www.mamedev.org/release.html {{MAMEVer}}]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]|{{~}}[[#Arcade_variations|*]]|{{✗~}}|{{✓~}}|[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mess.php?software_list_name=psx&compatibility= ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|-
|[[PCSX2ePSXe]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows, |Linux, |macOS}}|[http://buildbotwww.orphisepsxe.netcom/pcsx2 Gitdownload.php {{EpsxeVer}}]|{{✓✗}}|{{~}}|{{~}}<abbr title="Only Resizable Internal Resolution and Widescreen hack are supported">*</abbr>|[https://www.ngemu.com/threads/compatibility-list-for-epsxe-1-6-0.49711/ ?]<br/><small>[[Recommended_PS1_plugins|(Plugin dependent)]]</small>|{{✓✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|[[Bleem!]]PSXACT|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|1[https://gitlab.8bcom/beannaich/psxact git]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|[[Rustation]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://gitlab.com/flio/rustation-ng#build git](Rustation NG)<br/>[http://github.com/simias/rustation git]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|[[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-RAvocado]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows, |Linux, macOS}}|[http://www.emucr.com/search/label/PCSX-Reloaded/ Windows]<br/>[httphttps://consoleemugithub.com/emulatorJaCzekanski/pcsx-reloaded macOSAvocado git]|{{✓}}|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{~}}<abbr title="Only Resizable Internal Resolution supported">*</abbr>
|?
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|SSSPSX[[pSX]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}|[http://www.emulator-zone.com/doc.php/psx/ssspsxpsx_em.html 0.01.3413]|{{✓✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|[https://psxemulator.proboards.com/board/4/game-compatibility ?]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070624204547/http://mac-psx.hansr.net/ ?]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|[[Bleem!|Bleemcast]]|[[Sega Dreamcast emulatorsalign=left|{{Icon|Dreamcast]]Windows}}|1.8b6b
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|[http://www.whipassgaming.com/genesisreviews/Bleemcast/bleemcastcompatibility.htm ?]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|SSSPSX|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[httpshttp://codewww.googleemulator-zone.com/pdoc.php/pcsxgcpsx/downloads/list WiiSX]|[[Wii emulators|Wiissspsx.html 0.0.34]], [[GameCube emulators|GameCube]]|2.1 beta
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|?<br/><small>[[Recommended_PS1_plugins|(Plugin dependent)]]</small>
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|-
! colspan="10"|Mobile/ ARM
|-
|[[MednafenDuckStation]]<ref group|align=N name=libretro>Only available on mobile as a libretro core (eleft|{{Icon|Android|Pyra}}|[https://www.gduckstation. org/android/ Beta]<br/>[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation#android git]</br>[RetroArch]https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.github.stenzek.duckstation 0.1-5494]).<br/ref>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/android/latest/ <ref groupabbr title=N"Hard fork and open-source Libretro core implementation of DuckStation">Needs a high-end phoneSwanStation</tablet to run at full speed.abbr>]<br/ref>|Multi[https://pyra-platform|[{{MednafenURL|releaseshandheld.com/repo/apps/}} {{MednafenVer}}177 0.0.1.02 Pyra]
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{✓}}
|[https://github.com/duckstation-unoff-issue-tracker-admin/duckstation-unofficial-issue-tracker/issues ?]
|{{✓}}<abbr title="Android Only">*</abbr>
|{{Y}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[[Mednafen]]<abbr title="Only available on mobile as a libretro core (Beetle/Beetle HW).">*</abbr>
|align=left|{{Icon|Android|iOS}}
|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ <abbr title="This is port of Mednafen PSX core to the libretro API.">Beetle/Beetle HW</abbr>]
|{{✗}}
|High{{~}}|{{~}}|[https://forum.fobby.net/index.php?t=msg&th=1114&start=0& ?]|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[[XEBRA]]|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.dokutajigokusai.xebra {{XebraAndroidVer}}]|{{✗}}|{{~}}|{{✗}}|?|{{✗}}|{{?}}|{{~}}|-|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/ <abbr title="Only available on mobile as a libretro core.">PCSX-ReARMed<ref group=N name=libretro/abbr>]|[[IOS emulatorsalign=left|{{Icon|Android|iOS|Lin|Pyra}}|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]], </br>[[Android emulators|Androidhttps://pyra-handheld.com/repo/apps/42 0.1 Pyra]]|r22
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{~}}
|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/#compatibility ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}
|-
|[[ePSXe]]<abbr title="Payware. Recommended that you use patched versions.">*</abbr>
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epsxe.ePSXe {{EpsxeAndroidVer}}]
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{~}}<abbr title="Only Resizable Internal Resolution and Widescreen hack are supported">*</abbr>
|[https://www.ngemu.com/threads/compatibility-list-for-epsxe-1-6-0.49711/ ?]<br/><small>[[Recommended_PS1_plugins|(Plugin dependent)]]</small>
|{{✗}}
|{{✓}}
|Mid{{~}}|-|[[MAME]]|align=left|{{Icon|Android|iOS}}|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]|{{~}}[[#MAME_0.254_compatibility_status_for_all_these_variations|*]]|{{~}}|{{✗}}|[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mess.php?software_list_name=psx&compatibility= ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|-
|[[Avocado]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/JaCzekanski/Avocado git]
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{~}}<abbr title="Only Resizable Internal Resolution supported">*</abbr>
|?
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}
|{{✗}}
|-
|PCSX-ReARMed[http://www.fpsece.net/faq.html FPse]<abbr title="Payware. Recommended that you use patched versions.">*</abbr>|ARM Devicesalign=left|{{Icon|Android}}|[httphttps://repoplay.openpandoragoogle.orgcom/store/apps/details?pageid=detail&appcom.emulator.fpse {{FpseAndroidVer}}]|{{✗}}|?|{{~}}<abbr title=package"Only Resizable Internal Resolution supported">*</abbr>|[http://www.pcsx_rearmedfpsece.notaz r22net/compatibility.html ?]<br/><small>[[Recommended_PS1_plugins|(Plugin dependent)]]</small>|{{✗}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|-
! colspan="10"|Console
|-
|[[DuckStation]]
|align=left|{{Icon|NX|XB1|SXS}}
|[https://archive.org/details/duckstation-uwp_20221203 20221203-uwp]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/stable/1.15.0/windows-msvc2019-uwp/x64/ <abbr title="Hard fork and open-source Libretro core implementation of DuckStation">SwanStation</abbr>]<br/>[https://github.com/RSDuck/duckstation git]
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|{{✓}}
|[https://github.com/duckstation-unoff-issue-tracker-admin/duckstation-unofficial-issue-tracker/issues ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[[ePSXeOfficial_emulators#Sony|Official Sony emulators]]|align=left|{{Icon|PS2}}<br/>{{Icon|PSP}}<br/>{{Icon|PS3}}<br/>{{Icon|PSV}}|r13 (PS2)<br/>6.60 (PSP)<ref group=N name=paywarebr/>Payware, recommended that you use patched versions4.82 (PS3)<br/ref>2.60 (PSVita)|{{✗}}|[[Android emulators{{~}}|Android]]{{~}}|[https://playwww.googlepsdevwiki.com/storeps3/appsPS1_Classics_Emulator_Compatibility_List 99%<br/><small>1354 out of 1367 reported titles</details?id=com.epsxe.ePSXe 2.0.8small>]|{{✗}}|{{✗}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/ <abbr title="Only available as a libretro core.">PCSX-ReARMed</abbr>]
|align=left|{{Icon|PS4|}}<br/>{{Icon|PSV}}<br/>{{Icon|3DS|Switch}}
|[https://www.retroarch.com/?page=platforms {{RetroArchVer}}]
|{{✗}}
|{{✗~}}|{{~}}|[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1pl2bTkzTe736EOaQjk8FBWY9ixfgoNSYSitbm5Gnyqs/edit#gid=0 65%<br/><small>214 out of 327 reported titles</small>]
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[http://www.fpsece.net/faq.html FPse]<ref groupWiiSXRX|align=N name=payware />left|{{Icon|NGC|[[Android emulatorsWii|Android]]WiiU}}|[https://play.googlegithub.com/storeniuus/appsWiiSXRX/details?id=com.emulator.fpse 0.11.198releases git]|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{✗}}
|?
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|-
|[[XEBRA]]|[[Android emulatorsBleem!|AndroidBleemcast]]|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?idalign=com.dokutajigokusai.xebra 05/01/2018]left|{{✗Icon|DC}}|?
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|High[http://www.whipassgaming.com/genesisreviews/Bleemcast/bleemcastcompatibility.htm ?]
|{{✓}}
|{{✗}}
|{{~}}
|}
</div>
<references group=N />
===Comparisons===
====PC====
====Consoles====
* POPS (short for PlayStation On PSP System) is Sony's official PS1 emulator for their PlayStation Store releases. It utilizes [[PSP Eboots|EBOOTs]], a form of binary file for PSP, instead of BIN/CUE disc dumps, which can be made using a converter if desired. Compatibility is very high due to similar hardware design; although the GPU is emulated, the CPU is close to the PS1 and would naturally speed up performance on its own. It includes support for multi-disc games (within the one EBOOT). Only the native PS1 resolution is supported, with games being stretched to fit the screen as the user wishes.
* POPS PCSX-ReARMed is only available on consoles as a libretro core (short for PlayStation On PSP Systeme.g., RetroArch) is Sony's official PSone Classics emulator for their PlayStation Store releases. It utilizes [[PSP Eboots|EBOOTs]]can run on various handheld consoles with fairly strong specs, a form of binary file for PSPlike the PlayStation Vita, instead of bin/cue disc dumpsthe Nintendo 3DS, which can be made using a converter if desiredand the Nintendo Switch. This emulator in the libretro build initially used the P.E.Op.S. Compatibility is very high due graphics plugin (reasonably accurate, but slow) from the mid-2010s to similar hardware design2019; although the GPU now it uses a port of PCSX4ALL's Unai renderer, which is emulatedless accurate, but much faster (e.g., 10-20 FPS faster). The CHD compression format, which shrinks disc images into more manageable sizes, the CPU is close to enabled on this emulator on the PS1 3DS. These images will load and would naturally speed up performance on its ownrun much faster than '.bin/. It includes support for multicue' files -disc games (within the one EBOOT)greatly reducing framerate dips, i.e. Only the native PS1 resolution is supported, with games being stretched to fit the screen as the user wishesin FMVs & loading zones.
* PS2PSXe is an unofficial PS1 emulator for the PS2. However, compatibility is very low. Double disc swapping (using the same method as a real PS1) is required for PS2s with model numbers SCPH-100xx - SCPH-390xx.
* The PlayStation 3 has a built-in software emulator with very high compatibility, which is used for PSone Classics PS1 releases on the PlayStation Store as well as and for handling PlayStation CD-ROM discs.
* WiiSX is a port of PCSX to the Wii. Compatibility is fairly low due to the weak power of the Wii and the differing hardware designs that make PowerPC requirements a little stronger. It's generally not worth using since it doesn't get updated.
==Enhancements==
''Side note: Please don't bump/spam GitHub threads/issues and feature request pages.''
<div style="overflow-x:auto;width:100%">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan=2 | Name
! Duckstation
! Mednafen
! XEBRA
! No$PSX
! ares
! PCSX-Redux
! PCSX-ReARMed
! MAME
! [[Official_emulators#Sony|Official Sony emulators]]
|-
| rowspan=11 | Graphics
| [[Resolution|Resizable Internal Resolution]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW>Standalone [[mednafen]] do not support these features while Beetle libretro core does. Keep in mind that graphics enhancements exclusive to Beetle '''HW''' core.</ref>
| {{✗}}
| ?
| {{✗}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| ?
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=PlayStationOriginals>No PSX backwards compatible game has trophy support or enhancements for PS2/PS3 or PSP/Vita via these official emulators. But [[Wikipedia:High-definition_remasters_for_PlayStation_consoles#PlayStation_4|PSX games that received HD '''ports''' for PS4]], do.</ref>
|-
| [[#Parallel.2FPrecision_Geometry_Transform_Pipeline|Parallel/Precision Geometry Transform Pipeline]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| ?
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
|-
| [[Texture_filtering|Texture filtering]]<br/><small>(Nearest-Neighbor, Bilinear, JINC2, xBR)<br/>Textures on the PlayStation are typically displayed with "blocky" edges due to lack of texture filtering.<br/>This enhancement is software-based solution that can significantly enhance texture appearances.</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Wikipedia:24-bit_color#True_color_(24-bit)|True Color]] Rendering<br/><small>In practice [https://youtu.be/bi-Wzl6BwRM?t=246 PlayStation games stored colour in 15 bits. 24 bit colour mode was mostly used for still images].<br/>This enhancement forces the precision of colours output to the console's framebuffer to use the full 8 bits of precision per channel.<br/>It is useful especially on non-CRT [[Displays|displays]], producing nicer looking gradients.</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{N}}[https://youtu.be/bi-Wzl6BwRM?t=476 *]
|-
| True [[Wikipedia:Colour_banding|Color Debanding]]<br/><small>Applies modern [[Dithering|dithering]] techniques (performed during rendering as opposed to a post-processing step) to further smooth out gradients '''when true color is enabled'''.<br/>You can use one of the existing deband post-processing shader for this, but this one works with internal rendering which makes it both faster and more precise. No loss of detail occurs, and no tweaking of thresholds is required.</small>
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/pull/3089#issue-2089318371 *]
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| Scaled [[Dithering|Dithering]]<br/><small>Scales the dither pattern to the resolution scale of the emulated GPU. This makes the dither pattern much less obvious at higher resolutions.</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Widescreen_hacks#PlayStation|Widescreen Hack]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{TBD}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=PlayStationOriginals></ref>
|-
| [[Texture Packs#PlayStation|Texture Replacement]]
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=Texture>Both [https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/pull/2224 DuckStation's texture-replacement-PR] and [https://docs.libretro.com/library/beetle_psx_hw/#texture-replacements-vulkan-only beetle-psx-'''hw'''-libretro (mednafen_psx_'''hw'''_libretro)] support this feature but still work-in-progress/experimental and incompatible with each others implementation.</ref>
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=Texture></ref>
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=PlayStationOriginals></ref>
|-
| Pre-rendering AA<br/><small>(MSAA, SSAA)</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{?}}
| {{✗}}
| {{?}}
|-
| Ray-tracing<br/><small>([https://devblogs.microsoft.com/directx/announcing-microsoft-directx-raytracing/ DXR], [https://www.khronos.org/blog/ray-tracing-in-vulkan VRT] and [https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/metal_sample_code_library/accelerating_ray_tracing_using_metal MRT])</small>
| colspan=9 | <small>Implementing ray-tracing in an emulator is unfortunately quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future.<br/>However you can try "[[Shaders_and_filters#Notable_ReShade_shaders|Screen-Space Ray Traced Global Illumination]]" shader using ReShade.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyOkw2efQPM][https://reshade.me/forum/general-discussion/5442-release-misc-emulators-with-depth-buffer-access]</small>
|-
| [https://github.com/NVIDIAGameWorks/rtx-remix/wiki RTX Remix]
| colspan=9 | <small>Implementing RTX Remix technology in an emulator is unfortunately quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future.<br/>Besides, DuckStation already supports most of RTX Remix features such as texture replacement and post-processing effects etc.<br/>On top of that you can use ReShade for post-processing.</small>
|-
| rowspan=5 | Performance
| [[Overclocking#PlayStation|Overclock]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{✗}}
| ?
| {{✗}}
| ?
| {{✓}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
|-
| [[30/60_FPS_cheat_codes#PlayStation|Internal Framerate Hack]]
| {{Y}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
|-
| [https://blurbusters.com/frame-generation-essentials-interpolation-extrapolation-and-reprojection/ Frame generation technologies]<br/><small>([https://store.steampowered.com/app/993090/Lossless_Scaling/ LSFG], [https://github.com/NVIDIAGameWorks/Streamline/blob/main/docs/ProgrammingGuideDLSS_G.md DLSS-G], [https://www.techpowerup.com/316835/extrass-framework-paper-details-intels-take-on-frame-generation ExtraSS] and [https://community.amd.com/t5/gaming/amd-fluid-motion-frames-is-out-now-on-amd-radeon-rx-7000-series/ba-p/634372 AFMF])</small>
| colspan=9 | <small>Implementing frame generation technology in an emulator is unfortunately quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future, however post-processing techniques such as [[Wikipedia:Motion_interpolation|motion interpolation]] is quite possible. [[Input_lag|Input latency]] will be a crucial factor, but its impact likely varies depending on the specific technique employed, it's recommended to use '''after applying the "Internal Framerate Hack"'''.<br/>While '''AFMF''' or '''LSFG''' could be used with DuckStation or Mednafen?, please be aware that some visual glitches and artifacts may occur at this time.
|-
| Preload [[Wikipedia:Template:Disk_images|optical disc image]] to RAM<br/><small>For users with sluggish multi-platter HDDs or plagued by horrible seek times, this enhancement '''might''' offer smoother experience, potentially reduced power consumption; it also shines when disc images reside on a network drive.<br/>Although keep in mind that preloading image would take some time, and it will require additional amount of RAM capacity.</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/mednafen.html#cd.image_memcache *]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{✗}}
|-
| Rendering latency reduction technologies<br/><small>([https://github.com/ishitatsuyuki/LatencyFleX LatencyFleX], [https://developer.nvidia.com/performance-rendering-tools/reflex Reflex] and [https://www.amd.com/en/products/software/adrenalin/radeon-software-anti-lag.html Anti-Lag'''+'''])
| colspan=9 | <small>While most emulators offer frame pacing or framebuffer latency control options, implementing rendering latency reduction technologies isn't currently feasible. This is '''likely''' doesn't offer enough benefit to justify the development effort.</small>
|-
| rowspan=6 | Post-Processing
| [[Wikipedia:Category:Anti-aliasing_algorithms|Post-rendering AA]]<br/><small>(FXAA, TXAA and MLAA/SMAA)</small>
| {{Y}}<abbr title="Thanks to reshade .fx implementation it's possible to use post-rendering AA such as FXAA.">*</abbr>
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Comparison_gallery_of_image_scaling_algorithms|Post-rendering scaling]]<br/><small>(Sharp bilinear, Lanczos and [[Wikipedia:GPUOpen#FidelityFX_Super_Resolution|FSR 1]])</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/#Global+Settings+Reference *]
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Shaders_and_filters|Filters]]
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| ?
| ?
| {{✓}}
| ?
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✗}}
|-
|[[Shaders_and_filters#AI-powered filters|AI-powered filter compatible]]<br/><small>([https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/news/gfecnt/nvidia-freestyle-ansel-enhancements-geforce-experience-article/ Freestyle])</small>
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Shader_Presets|Shader Chain]]
| {{✓}}<ref group=N3>Has glsl and [https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/commit/8a40c7bf944b3a4209d90134a379c9d1f0cc7e20 built-in ReShade .fx] shader chain support.</ref>
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares/pull/1397 *]
| {{✗}}
| {{Y}}
| {{Y}}
| {{✗}}
|-
|[[High_dynamic_range#Inverse_tone_mapping|Inverse tone mapping compatible]]
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| rowspan=5 | [https://tasvideos.org/Emulatorresources/Features TAS features]
| [[Wikipedia:Macro_(computer_science)|Macros/Scripts]]/[https://tasvideos.org/LuaScripting Lua]
| {{✓}}
| {{N}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{N}}
| {{Y}}[https://docs.mamedev.org/plugins/inputmacro.html *]
| {{N}}
|-
| Rewind
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{Y}}
| ?
| {{N}}
|-
| Fast-Forward/Turbo Speed
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{Y}}
| ?
| {{N}}
|-
| Savestates
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{Y}}
| ?
| ?
|-
| [https://tasvideos.org/Movies Movie recording/playback]
| {{Y}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| rowspan=3 | Controls
| [[Controllers#True.2Fdual_analog_control|True/dual analog control]]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/VanLaser/analog-controls-for-armored-core-ps2#qol-enhancements-analog-controls-for-armored-core-ps1-series-ac1-ac-project-phantasma-and-ac-master-of-arena *]
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Controllers#Mouse_Injectors_for_Emulators|Mouse Injector Compatible]]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/garungorp/MouseInjectorDolphinDuck *]
| {{~}}[https://github.com/garungorp/MouseInjectorDolphinDuck *]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/garungorp/MouseInjectorDolphinDuck *]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
|-
| [[Input_lag|Input lag-mitigating technique]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| ?
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
|-
| rowspan=9 | Quality of life
| Built-in [[Mods,_hacks_and_fan-translations#Built-in_graphics_mod_editor.2Fmanager_for_emulators|Graphics mod editor/manager]]
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
| {{✗}}
|-
| Built-in [[Cheats_and_patches|Cheat Manager]]
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{N}}[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/1ay6fm1/ares_v136_released/krslaki/ *]
| {{?}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| {{N}}
|-
| Built-in [http://forum.arcadecontrols.com/index.php/topic,106405 Custom resolution/CRTSwitchRes]<br/><small>For using this on Windows OS you need [http://geedorah.com/eiusdemmodi/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=1009#p1009 CRT Emudriver].<br/>Another option is using EDID editor tool such as "Custom Resolution Utility".</small>
| colspan=8 | <small>Exclusive to [https://docs.libretro.com/guides/crtswitchres/ libretro cores] and [[GroovyMAME]] at the moment.<br/>Also there is a [https://github.com/psakhis/Groovy_MiSTer project] for achieving software emulators like libretro cores and GroovyMAME send the raw RGB data over a network to a core running on MiSTer, it basically turns the MiSTer into a GPU for the emulator allowing for easy setup and use with CRT TVs/Arcade monitors.</small>
| {{~}}<abbr title="PlayStation 2 via composite/RCA/AV or PlayStation 3 via component video out.">*</abbr>
|-
| [[Save_disk_space_for_ISOs#PlayStation_1|Streamable compression format]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{N}}
| {{✓}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
| {{N}}
|-
| Per-Game Profiles
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| Command Line Options
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| On-Screen Display<br/><small>Showcases messages, controller input state which is useful for speedrunners, performance data, active settings, and various notifications.</small>
| {{Y}}
| {{Y}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Variable_refresh_rate|Variable Refresh Rate compatible]]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/commit/a1d7d214cfb7491b8ba54081b5c40825055f4bc7 *]
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{Y}}
| {{Y}}[https://docs.mamedev.org/usingmame/commonissues.html#gsync-freesync *]
| {{N}}
|-
| [[Frontends#Graphical_User_Interfaces_.28GUIs.29|Big Picture Mode]]
| {{Y}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=BeetleHW></ref>
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| rowspan=5 | Misc
| [[Netplay#PlayStation_1|<abbr title="Shouldn't be confused with PlayStation Link, see #Hardware Features and Peripherals section for more information.">Netplay</abbr>]]
| {{~}}<ref group=N3>There is a [https://github.com/HeatXD/duckstation-netplay/releases Duckstation fork for GGPO implementation] and also [https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/pull/3000 Pull request for rollback netplay implementation].</ref>
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=mednafenstandalone>Libretro version do not support netplay while standalone [[mednafen]] version does. Also standalone version has more advanced debugging features.</ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
|-
| [https://retroachievements.org/gameList.php?c=12 RetroAchievements]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=RALibretro>[https://docs.libretro.com/guides/retroachievements/#sony Only available on libretro cores]</ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{Y}}
| {{N}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=PlayStationOriginals></ref>
|-
| Free Look<br/><small>Free Look is a enhancement feature that allows manipulation of the in-game camera.</small>
| colspan=9 | <small>PlayStation did not have hardware support for a Z-buffer or floating-point operations. However, the system used various techniques to giving the appearance of depth[https://www.quora.com/Playstation-1-does-not-have-z-buffer-and-floating-points-yet-how-could-it-play-3D-games].<br/>You can use cheat menu for [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nis-qVSSzEw certain games] to use Free Look.<ref>[https://old.reddit.com/r/RetroArch/comments/q4is0t/is_there_a_free_camera_cheat_for_n64_andor_ps1/ Reddit Thread: Is there a free camera cheat for N64 and/or PS1?]</ref>Also you can use dedicated tools like [https://github.com/FranklyGD/Spyro-Scope Spyro Scope].</small>
|-
| [[Virtual_reality#VR_game_room_simulations|EmuVR support]]
| colspan=9 | Exclusive to [https://www.emuvr.net/wiki/Installation_Guide#Downloads libretro cores] at the moment.
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Category:Debugging|Debug Features]]
| {{✓}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N3 name=mednafenstandalone></ref>
| {{✗}}[https://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1517 *]
| {{✓}}[https://problemkaputt.de/psxspx-contents.htm *]
| ?
| ?
| {{~}}[https://docs.libretro.com/development/retroarch/debugging/ *]
| ?
| {{✗}}
|}
</div>
<references group=N3/>
===Parallel/Precision Geometry Transform Pipeline===
PGXP (Parallel/Precision Geometry Transform Pipeline) is an enhancement for PlayStation emulation that produces high precision fully 3D geometry data that was not available on the original console hardware.
Features
* High Precision Vertex Data (more stable geometry)
* Reduced Triangle Culling (more detailed models)
* Perspective Correct Texture Mapping (reduced texture distortion)
First, it introduces subpixel precision to eliminate the wobbling polygon issues. Second, it adds perspective correct texturing to stop the ‘texture warping/dancing’ issues.
*For mednafen, [[PGXP]] only available to libretro's "beetle-psx-'''hw'''-libretro" (mednafen_psx_'''hw'''_libretro) core but comes with significant [https://docs.libretro.com/library/beetle_psx_hw/#compatibility issues].
*Recommended to use DuckStation for [[PGXP]]; otherwise use the [https://mednafen.github.io/releases/ mednafen standalone] or [https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ Beetle '''SW''' (mednafen_psx_libretro)].
*For PCSX-Reloaded, PGXP [http://ngemu.com/threads/pcsxr-pgxp.186369/ only available with PGXP build].
==Hardware features and peripherals==
''Side note: Please don't bump/spam GitHub threads/issues and feature request pages.''
<div style="overflow-x:auto;width:100%">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;width:100%"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan=2 | Name
! Duckstation
! Mednafen
! XEBRA
! No$PSX
! ares
! PCSX-Redux
! PCSX-ReARMed
! MAME
! [[Official_emulators#Sony|Official Sony emulators]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Wikipedia:PocketStation|PocketStation]]
| [[Wikipedia:PocketStation#Compatible_games|Communication]]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{Y}}<ref group=N2 name=PK201+XEBRA>Possible with [[PK201]]. [[XEBRA]] is the first PlayStation emulator to include compatibility with PocketStation.</ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}[https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares/issues/1087 *]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux/issues/1002 *]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{Y}} [https://old.reddit.com/r/ps2/comments/5gdf49/can_i_use_a_pocketstation_with_my_ps2_79001/ (PS2)]
|-
| [[PocketStation_emulators|Emulation]]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{Y}}<ref group=N2 name=PK201+XEBRA>Possible with [[PK201]]. [[XEBRA]] is the first PlayStation emulator to include compatibility with PocketStation.</ref>
| {{N}}<ref group=N2>PocketStation emulation is possible only with [[No$#Emulators|NO$GBA]].[https://problemkaputt.de/gbatek-pocketstation-emulation.htm Martin Korth hasn't got around to implement ARM emulation in no$psx yet], the Pocketstation is currently emulated as part of the no$gba project (eventually it might be moving from no$gba to no$psx someday in future).</ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{Y}}[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/dettaglio_mame.php?game_name=pockstat *]
| {{N}}
|-
| colspan=2 | [[#PlayStation_Link|PlayStation Link]]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{✓}}[https://old.reddit.com/r/EmuDev/comments/15kxu0i/playstation_1_link_cable_plugin_emulation/ *]
| {{N}}
| {{~}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{TBD}}
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Early_Online_Services#i-mode_.28PS1.29|i-mode adaptor]]
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
|-
| colspan=2 | [[#CD_player|CD player]]
| {{~}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{~}}
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Wikipedia:DexDrive|DexDrive]]
| {{~}}<ref group=N2 name=BuiltinMemCardManager>There is no emulation for DexDrive but these emulators have built-in memory card editor anyway.</ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{~}}<ref group=N2 name=BuiltinMemCardManager></ref>
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
|-
| rowspan=9 | Input
| ''Densha De Go!'' controller
| {{N}}
| {{N}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{TBD}}
| {{TBD}}
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Pop'n_Music#Gameplay|Pop'n Music Controller]]
| ?
| {{Y}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{TBD}}
| {{TBD}}
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Wikipedia:PlayStation_Mouse#List_of_games_compatible_with_the_PlayStation_Mouse|PlayStation Mouse]]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/playstation_mouse.cpp *]
| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Settings+Reference *]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux#what-works *]
| {{Y}}[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/#core-options *]
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[wikipedia:Namco_Arcade_Stick|Namco Arcade Stick]]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[wikipedia:Jogcon|Jogcon]]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[wikipedia:NeGcon#Supported_games|<abbr title="Namco's unconventional twisty racing-game-oriented gamepad; NPC-101.">neGcon</abbr>]]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/negcon.cpp *]
| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Settings+Reference *]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{TBD}}
| {{Y}}[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/#core-options *]
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Wikipedia:GunCon#PS_games|<abbr title="Namco's light gun; NPC-103.">GunCon</abbr>]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_light-gun_games#PlayStation]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/guncon.cpp *]
| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Settings+Reference *]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{TBD}}
| {{Y}}[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/#core-options *]
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Konami_Justifier#PlayStation|Konami Justifier]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_light-gun_games#PlayStation]
| {{Y}}<ref group=N2>You can use nixxou's [https://github.com/nixxou/duckstation?tab=readme-ov-file#duckstation---lightgun-edition DuckStation LightGun Edition] fork.</ref>
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Wikipedia:PlayStation_Multitap#Supported_games|Multitap]]
| {{Y}}[https://github.com/stenzek/duckstation/blob/master/src/core/multitap.cpp *]
| {{Y}}[https://mednafen.github.io/documentation/psx.html#Section_multitap *]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{TBD}}
| {{Y}}[https://docs.libretro.com/library/pcsx_rearmed/#core-options *]
| ?
| ?
|}
</div>
<references group=N2/>
===[[Wikipedia:PlayStation_Link_Cable|PlayStation Link]]===
:[[Wikipedia:PlayStation_Link_Cable#List_of_games_compatible_with_the_PlayStation_Link_Cable|''List of games compatible with the PlayStation Link Cable'']]
The PlayStation Link Cable (SCPH-1040) is a peripheral cable for the PlayStation console. Utilizing the serial I/O port found on the back of most PlayStation models, it allows for two consoles to be connected in order to play compatible multiplayer games on separate consoles.
===''Densha De Go!'' controller===
Also available for the [[Nintendo 64 emulators|Nintendo 64]], ''Densha De Go!'' is a Japan-only train simulator released by [[Wikipedia:Taito|Taito]] that is compatible with an optional special controller.<ref name="Youtube">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuxf5QhdWIo|title=Densha de Go! gameplay with controller - Playstation PS1|publisher=Youtube|accessdate=2018-04-03|date=2017-05-05}}</ref> No emulator is known to support it.
===CD player===
PlayStation CD player supports Audio CD and PlayStation format CD-ROM. However there is only one PlayStation model can play VCDs, and that is the PlayStation SCPH-5903, released in Asia only[https://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=703][https://youtu.be/y1vo3-uEBRM]. They're hard to find and expensive. Also there is a third-party peripheral called Gamars Movie Card (similar to Dreammovie for Sega Dreamcast) gives you the ability to play Video CDs (VCD) through your PlayStation and it is compatible with all types of PlayStations (PAL and NTSC), this third-party peripheral is very user friendly as it works by just attaching the unit to the back of the PlayStation.
*Duckstation has Audio CD and CD-ROM support so you can boot directly your physical discs but there is no VCD support at the moment.
*PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 (backwards compatibility) have support for Audio CD and PlayStation format CD-ROM discs but no support for Video CD/VCDs.
::See [[Home_Media_Player#Emulators|this dedicated page]] for more information about home media playback support for emulation softwares.
::See [[Ripping_games]].
==[https://www.system16.com/base.php#1 Arcade variations]==
There were numerous PlayStation-based arcade systems. Most PlayStation-based arcade games extended the system in different ways. They often had more RAM, ran at higher clock speeds, had additional sound hardware, added additional I/O, and/or used ROM or Flash media rather than CDs. The Konami Twinkle games have a separate DVD player controlled via a serial link to provide background video/audio.<ref>[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/137ic8b/why_ps1_emulation_ignores_ps1based_arcades/jiuptk5/ "cuavas" comment about arcade variations].</ref>
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=540 Namco System 10], [https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=533 Namco System 11] and [https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=535 Namco System 12]===
Namco System 11/12 is an arcade system based on Sony Playstation hardware, with surface-mounted ROM chips as storage rather than CD-ROM.
[[MAME]] and [[ZiNc]] provides support for this variation.
[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/12zx5xw/mame_0254/ The first batch of Namco System 10 games have been emulated with 0.254 version.]
[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/164s992/mame_0258/ Two quiz games (Derby Quiz My Dream Horse, and Kaiun Quiz) running on Namco’s System 12 are now working with 0.258 version.]
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=796 Capcom ZN-1] and [https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=797 Capcom ZN-2]===
Capcom ZN-1/2 is an arcade system based on Sony Playstation hardware, with ROM chips as storage rather than CD-ROM and an extra Capcom Qsound chip for audio.
[[MAME]] and [[ZiNc]] provides support for this variation.
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=827 Konami Twinkle]===
Konami Twinkle is an arcade system based on Sony Playstation hardware, designed for Beatmania IIDX series games, with an extra hard disk for storing (lots of!) sounds and a DVD player for full-motion video.
[[MAME]] supports this variation, but the full-motion video won't be shown in the game because the DVD video decoder is yet to be emulated. However, A [https://github.com/987123879113/mame/tree/bemani fork] of MAME reads mpg videos as background animations from <code>iidx_videos</code> folder under the root folder of MAME (like how [[LaserDisc]] game emulators work), which would solve the issue of lacking full-motion video at the sacrifice of orthodox emulation.
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=582 Konami System 573]===
[[MAME]] provides support for this variation.
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=577 Konami GV & Baby Phoenix]===
[[MAME]] provides support for this variation.
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=576 Konami GQ]===
[[MAME]] provides support for this variation.
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=672 Taito G-NET]===
[[MAME]] provides support for this variation.
===[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=669 Taito FX-1A] and [https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=670 Taito FX-1B]===
[[MAME]] and [[ZiNc]] provides support for these variations.
[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/137ic8b/why_ps1_emulation_ignores_ps1based_arcades/jj2kiik/ MAME Developer "cuavas" comment about ZiNc emulator]: "No-one should be using ZiNc any more. MAME now does everything ZiNc did better, and supports more games."
;MAME {{MAMEVer}} compatibility status for all these variations
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=ksys573.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 KONAMI System 573]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=twinkle.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 KONAMI Twinkle]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=namcos10.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 namco System 10]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=namcos11.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 namco System 11]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=namcos12.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 namco System 12]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=zn.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 Capcom ZN-1/2]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=taitogn.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 Taito G-Net]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_sourcefile=konamigq.cpp&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 Konami GQ]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_biosof=konamigv&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 Konami GV & Baby Phoenix]<br/>
*[http://adb.arcadeitalia.net/lista_mame.php?game_biosof=coh1000t&arcade_only=0¤t_version=0 Taito FX-1A and Taito FX-1B]
==Emulation issues==
===Rendering Quirksquirks===
[[File:Cheryl_compared.png|thumb|left|300px|'''Left''': Native resolution and unblended dithering.<br/>'''Right''': Higher internal resolution and no dithering.]]
[[File:Ps1_jitter.gif|thumb|Jittering in games can stick out more when using higher internal resolutions. <small>This full-color GIF may require you to view its page to see the animation.</small>]]
The PlayStation takes shortcuts when rendering as a result of making most of the hardware available, and this . This can cause some quirks that become even more noticeable when the internal resolution increases.
Polygons may jitter as a result of low-precision , fixed-point (to the native resolution) math, but this is mostly unnoticeable at native resolutions. Emulators that have the ability to can increase the internal resolution of games have attempted to fix this.
There is no [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|z-buffer]] in the hardware. This can cause things like polygons to pop over others; the limbs on of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekken_(video_game) Tekken ] characters are a good example of this. It is theoretically possible to implement this, but it wouldn't be accurate to the hardware.<ref name="forum.emu-russia">{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://forum.emu-russia.net/viewtopic.php?p=17237|title=Plugin info, news. / Information about the plugin, news. (gpuBladeSoft discussion) |publisher=forum.emu-russia|accessdate=2018-04-03|date=2011-09-16}}</ref><ref>[https://www.quora.com/Playstation-1-does-not-have-z-buffer-and-floating-points-yet-how-could-it-play-3D-games Playstation 1 does not have z-buffer and floating points, yet how could it play 3D games?]</ref>
When perspective correction isn't applied to textures, certain viewing angles can make them distorted, more so when an object is near the edge of the camera up close. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenchu:_Stealth_Assassins ''Tenchu: Stealth Assassins'' ] is particularly infamous for texture distortion, most noticeably in the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oBeO-cui_c training level] where floor textures appear wavy at oblique angles; developers typically usually mitigate this by adding polygons to walls, floors, and other scenery, though but at the cost of filling the PlayStation's geometry rate. This In DuckStation, at least, this problem has been solved in at least one emulator.
Many PlayStation games dither to varying degrees due to having a low color depth. On most TVs, this dithering would blend in order to make new colors and smooth gradients. Plugin-based emulators usually have graphical plugins that use a 32-bit color depth, which removes dithering, while software-rendered plugins and emulators tend to retain it. While higher color depth can be considered an enhancement, since it results in less noise and smooth gradients, some think of dithering as seen on real hardware as added shading and texture, especially on untextured polygons. The emulators that use software rendering and can increase the internal resolution are capable of retaining games can retain dithering for the shading and texturing aspect, and it's made more subtle by shrinking the artifacts.
===Less-notable games using special peripherals===
''ZXE-D: Legend of Plasmalite '' requires the use of a special peripheral to play the game. It is a robot that has with connectable parts and plugs that plug into the memory card slot, which is then replicated in the game. No emulator has ever focused on it, probably due to a number of reasons:
*It's not a common well-known game.*No third-party controller and memory card connector has gotten support by from emulators the same way that Nintendo's official GameCube controller adapter has.*To emulate this purely in software means it has to be reverse -engineered, which can take a bit of time.
===CD format===
PS1 games use the CD-ROM XA (eXtended Architecture) format, which is based on CDi and allows developers to use both CD-ROM and CD-DA (audio) tracks on the same disc.<ref name="PSX_CD-DA_CDs">[https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_with_CD_audio_tracks.html List of PlayStation games with CD-DA] (From deprecated Wikipedia article - dated 11/27/2016)</ref>
* The European regional versions of many PS1 games tended to have a copy -protection embedded, so they could cause problems with backing up images in that these . These game backups could cause hangs or show a black screen infinitely in a typical emulator. A basic An easy way to avoid that problem is to try the US regional versions. Another way is to just run a game backup from a BIN and CUE file format. You can use '''Clone CD''' to make an image in .ccd/.img/.sub format or patch it with using a .ppf patch sbi file which contains the protection information needed to bypass run the protectiongame.::The perfect solution possible, at least for the '''ePSXe''' emulator (and emulator—and perhaps other similar plugins-based emulators) would emulators—would be (No virtual drive mounting needed)::::1. Use the '''Mooby2 2.8''' cdrom CD-ROM plugin, and uncheck 'subchannel reading' in the plugin's settings of that plugin.::(Just in case: also make sure 'repeat all cdda' is checked, and 'cdda volume' is set to something like 50 or 60. Or , or else you won't hear anything.)::2. Launch the game with File -> → Run CDrom (browse, find and select your cd CD image as the window pops up.)::Recommended to It's recommended you use the '''Eternal 1.41''' sound plugin with default settings along with this. The '''SaPu''' CDRom Plugin v.1.0/1.3 is good if you're running official CDs (Especially . It especially works well with '''Daemon Tools Lite''' or '''Alcohol 120%''' when mounting an image). * If running '''ePSXe''' or a similar emulator on an old '''Windows''' OS (Eg. 9x, ME, 2000, XP), use [http://radified.com/ASPI/forceaspi.htm ForceASPI] to initialize the ASPI layer (For your disc drive) and a plugin like '''P.E.Op.S.''' CDR Version 1.4 plugin or similar. Then set the plugin to "W2K/XP IOCTL scsi commands" before running your PS1 CD's.
* If running '''ePSXe''' or a similar emulator on an old '''Windows''' OS (E.g., 9x, ME, 2000, XP), use [http://radified.com/ASPI/forceaspi.htm ForceASPI] to initialize the ASPI layer (For your disc drive) and a plugin like '''P.E.Op.S.''' CDR Version 1.4 plugin or similar. Then set the plugin to "W2K/XP IOCTL scsi commands" before running your PS1 CDs.
<!-- Much of these notes on the troubleshooting and issues for CD images were based off collections of information at www.epforums.org and www.ngemu.com's threads -->
For more information about PlayStation hardware and reverse engineering;
* MVG: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8TO-nrUtSI Why PlayStation 1 Graphics Warped and Wobbled so much], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HOBQ7HifLE How the Sony PlayStation PS1 Security was defeated], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi-Wzl6BwRM Why did the PlayStation 1 have so much Dithering?], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtE5hmlrcBo How the Sony PlayStation Net Yaroze DevKit brought Indie Game Development to Consoles]
* [https://www.copetti.org/writings/consoles/playstation/ Rodrigo Copetti: PlayStation Architecture analysis]
* [https://youtu.be/XUwSOfQ1D3c Technology Connections: Sony's Clever but Flawed PlayStation Copy Protection--And How They Might Have Fixed It]
* [https://psdevwiki.com/ps1/ PSDevWiki: PlayStation 1]
* [https://ps1.consoledev.net/reverse_engineering/ consoledev: PlayStation 1]
* [https://problemkaputt.de/psxspx-contents.htm no$psx: Playstation Specifications]
* [https://discord.com/channels/976404869386747954/976414353161080832 ares discord channel ps1 group]
* DuckStation discord channel (invites are disabled at the moment)
==AccessoriesSee also=====''Densha De Go!'' Controller===Also available for the [*[Nintendo 64 emulators|Nintendo 64]], ''Densha De Go!'' is a Japan-only train simulator released by [[Wikipedia:Taito|Taito]] that is compatible with an optional special controller.<ref name="Youtube">{{cite web|url=https://wwwControllers#DualShock.youtube2FDual_Analog_Controller.com/watch?v=xuxf5QhdWIo|title=Densha de Go! gameplay with controller - Playstation PS1|publisher=Youtube2FPlayStation_Controller|accessdate=2018-04-03|date=2017-05-05}}<DualShock/ref> No emulator is known to support it.Dual Analog Controller and PlayStation Controller]]
==Resources==
* [http://ns348841.ip-91-121-109.eu/psxdata/sitenews.html PlayStation DataCenter] - Tons of PS1 -related things. Emulator files like plugins, game manuals, game configurations, and many tutorials are just some of the things you'll find here.*[https://archive.org/details/psx_redump_usa_20141221 ReDump PS1] USA set.* [http://www.racketboy.com/journal/ps1-strength-and-weaknesses-vs-n64-sega-saturn PS1 Strengths and Weaknesses vs. N64 and Sega Saturn] (Journal feature at www.Racketboy.com. October 17th, 2017.)* [https://segaretro.org/Sega_Saturn/Hardware_comparison#Graphics_comparison_table Graphics comparison table] (for Saturn as opposed to PS1, N64, Sega Model 2 arcade hardware and 1995-era PC)
==References==
[[Category:Consoles]]
[[Category:Home consoles]]
[[Category:Fifth-generation_video_game_consoles]]
[[Category:Sony consoles]]
[[Category:PlayStation emulators|*]]
[[Category:MAME Driver Status: Preliminary]]
