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NTSC filters replicate the analog signals that the consoles output to the TV. They vary in quality, with the lowest quality being RF, then composite, then s-video and RGB (SCART)/YPbPr (Component) being the highest quality. Many emulators have NTSC filters built into them. They can also be separately downloaded as filter plugins. These filters were developed by [http://slack.net/~ant/libs/ntsc.html blargg] for specific consoles. Other NTSC shaders have been created which are different from Blargg's implementation.
Encoding luminance and chrominance into a single signal is what causes blur and artifacting because it's a lossy way of encoding an image. RF is worse because it also encodes audio into the signal and is more prone to interference since the signal is the same as what was used TV broadcasts.
The level of blur in RF and composite signals are needed for [[dithering]] to blend on Genesis/Mega Drive. S-video, and RGB are too clean to blend dithering. Other shaders can be used to achieve the same level of blur.
