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;In the world of computing, terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layer|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]" are often used interchangeably, leading to confusion. While they share some similarities, each technology serves a distinct purpose and operates at different levels.
Within the realm of computer science, emulation occupies a niche distinct from virtualization or other techniques. Whereas hypervisors usually used for partitioning physical hardware resources among multiple guest operating systems, and simulators where developers build virtual replicas of specific environments or processes, emulation endeavors to recreate an entire historical architecture. This digital reconstruction seeks to faithfully capture the instruction set, timing behaviors, hardware features and even peripheral nuances of a bygone hardware platform. Unlike compatibility layers, which translate software instructions to a native format, emulation builds a virtual stage upon which the software itself can perform authentically. Emulation's intricate tapestry sometimes intertwines with threads of other technologies though. Notably, certain emulators leverage hypervisors for a more efficient handling of resource allocation and isolation. Additionally, some emulators employ compatibility layers as subcomponents, acting as translators for specific libraries or APIs that might otherwise be incompatible with the host environment. Think of these layers as linguistic bridges, allowing the emulated software to converse fluently with the modern system hardware. By strategically merging these techniques and the help of skilled use of [[High/Low_level_emulation|HLE and LLE]], [[Dynamic_recompilation|compiler techniques]] and using specific features such as [https://yuzu-emu.org/entry/yuzu-fastmem/#what-is-fastmem Fast Memory Access ] and AVX2 instructions with instruction set support (such as [https://whatcookie.github.io/posts/why-is-avx-512-useful-for-rpcs3/ AVX-512 for RPCS3]) and other various optimizations, certain emulators achieve impressive levels of performance and compatibility, further unlocking the doors to historical software [[Preservation_projects|preservation]].
So in summary, an accurate emulator is when an instruction given to both the program and the hardware results in both outputting the same result. That means accurate emulators produce much fewer audio and video glitches, usually at the cost of more processing power needed. It's often achieved by using tighter synchronization. The more accurate an emulator is, the lesser deviations there is from real hardware behavior but the more demanding it is. Ironically, that aspect might at times be at odds with how authentic the experience is, when it introduces [[Input lag]]. A similar debate surrounds CRT shaders as well. Not to mention the hardware intensive nature of very accurate emulators for later consoles may be at odds with the emulator's usability, especially with the recent collapse of Moore's Law (in layman's terms, you can't just "buy a better PC" if semiconductor technology does not catch up fast enough with what it takes for accurate emulation that makes zero compromises for optimizing speed). As a result, accuracy and emulator authenticity continue to be controversial subjects and highly a matter of opinion depending on what aspect of the experience the user values more.
