Changes

While not strictly emulation ''per se'' (hence why [[Wine]] stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator"), '''compatibility layers''' allow software written for one operating system to run on a different OS, often by translating API and system calls made by an application to their equivalent calls in the host operating system. In theory, this should allow for near-native performance since no processor emulation takes place, but in practice some software such as games will tend to run a bit slower due to other bottlenecks that occur as a result of [[Emulation Accuracyaccuracy|replicating the correct behavior]], such as accounting for graphics APIs like Direct3D that aren't supported on non-Microsoft platforms. Additionally, compatibility layers may also use emulation in order to run software built for a different architecture, see [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layers|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulatorsemulators|Recommended]]

!colspan="67"|PCx86,x86-64

|align=left|{{Icon|Linux, |macOS|FreeBSD|Haiku}}|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}}<br />(Dev: {{WineDevVer}})]<br />[https://wiki.winehq.org/Haiku Haiku]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}

|[[WineskinProton]]<br/><small>(included with Steam)</small>|macOSalign=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[httphttps://wineskinstore.steampowered.urgesoftwarecom/about/ {{ProtonVer}}]<br/>[https://github.com/tikiValveSoftware/Proton/tags git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows games|-index|[[TeknoParrot]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|<abbr title="TPBootstrapper/Web Installer which downloads the latest versions of all components with TeknoParrot automatically for you.php?page">[https://github.com/nzgamer41/TPBootstrapper/tags TPBootstrapper]</abbr><br/>[https://teknoparrot.com/download {{TeknoVer}}]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|PC-based arcade games|-|Rosetta|align=Downloads 1left|{{Icon|macOS}}|N/A|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}|PowerPC OS X apps on x86-64 based Macs. Support ended with OS X 10.7|-|CrossOver|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|ChromeOS}}|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}

|[https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io Minecraft Bedrock Launcher]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS}}|[Protonhttps://github.com/minecraft-linux/mcpelauncher-manifest v0.10.0]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}|Minecraft: Bedrock Edition (Android version)|-|[https://waydro.id/index.html WayDroid]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://waydro.id/#install git]<br />[https://github.com/casualsnek/waydroid_script Extras script]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}|Android software|-|libhoudini<br/>[https://groups.google.com/g/android-ndk-announce libndk]<br/>[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/bridge-technology.html Intel BT]|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}|[https://storegithub.steampoweredcom/SGNight/Arm-NativeBridge#download-links-- 1], [https://github.com/aboutRprop/ libhoudini#libhoudini 2], [https://archive.org/details/androidx86-houdini 3], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_intel_proprietary_houdini 4], [https://github.com/m9rco/Genymotion_ARM_Translation 5], [https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 6], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_google_proprietary_ndk_translation-prebuilt 7]|{{✗}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}|ARM apps|-|[[Anbox]]|align=left|{{ProtonVerIcon|Linux}}|[https://docs.anbox.io/userguide/install.html git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓✗}} ||{{✗}}|Windows gamesAndroid software

|[[TeknoParrot]https://www.gfdgdxi.top/uengine-runner/Help/ UEngine]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/gfdgd-xi/uengine-runner git]|{{TeknoVer~}}||{{✓}} ||{{✓✗}}|Windows-based arcade gamesAndroid software

|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/darlinghq/darling Gitgit]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>

|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[https://github.com/otya128/winevdm/releases v0git]<br />[https://ci.6appveyor.0com/project/otya128/winevdm/ Dev]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}

|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|?N/A|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}

|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|?[http://bitbucket.org/toptensoftware/win3mu Source]|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}

|Multi-platformalign=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|DOS}}

|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}

!colspan|[http://dosemu.sourceforge.net/ DOSEmu]|align="6"left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosemu/files/ 1.4.0]|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}|DOS software|-|[http://dosemu2.github.io/dosemu2/ DOSEmu2]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/dosemu2/dosemu2 git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|MobileDOS software

|[[Wine]https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/ Windows Subsystem for Linux '''1''']|Androidalign=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[https://wikilearn.winehqmicrosoft.orgcom/en-us/windows/wsl/Download install Install guide]|{{WineVer?}}]||{{✓?}} ||{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>|Windows applications and games|} ===Comparisons===*[[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows Allows developers to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].**[[Proton]] is Valves one-click solution to play Windows games on Linuxenvironment. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as DXVK (explained below) and FAudio.**[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted. * [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to run games originally made for Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for some games from the Linux-based Sega Lindbergh arcade board.* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. In its nature, it is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] project. At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI. ==Graphics APIs==Compatibility layers may also make use of '''wrappers''', which translate a specific graphics API to another. How the user sets up the wrapper varies between each project but most involve a drop-in replacement of the original libraries. To understand why this is needed for older games, it's important to understand that during the 90s the graphics card market for [[Intel CPUs|IBM PCs and compatibles]] was in its infancy, and Direct3D wasn't an automatic choice for developers. Some games were often designed for 3Dfx's Glide API so that it would run with their Voodoo card. With 3dfx going bankrupt however, support for Glide didn't stay around and the API was made open-source, but NVIDIA and AMD never incorporated it into their drivers. A wrapper is now needed to play these games with hardware acceleration, or if we're lucky the game gets [[Game engine recreations/Source Ports|a port]] to other APIs instead. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

! scope="col"|Name[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]! scope|align="col"left|Operating System(s){{Icon|Linux}}! scope|[https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin/pool/partner/kmre_2.4.6.8+22.04_amd64.deb 2.4.6.8]</br>[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.4.8.7-0k0.9_amd64.deb 2.4.8.7-0k0.9]<ref group=A name="col"kmrex86>2.4.8.7 is untested-NeoKylin never announced nor shipped this with x86 releases</ref>|{{?}} |Latest Version! scope="col"|Translates! scope="col"{{~}} |Into! scope="col"|Active{{✗}}! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]Allows openKylin/Ubuntu Kylin to run Android applications.

! colspan="7"|90's APIsARM

|[http://www.zeus-software.com/downloads/nglide nGlide]Rosetta 2|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|macOS}}|[http://www.zeus-software.com/downloadsN/nglide 2.0]A|Glide{{✗}} |Vulkan, Direct3D 9|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|x86-64 macOS applications on Apple Silicon Macs

|[[Wine|Wine DirectX]]CrossOver|Windows, Linux, macOSalign=left|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVerIcon|macOS}}] <small>(Linux, macOS)</small><br /> |[https://fdossenawww.codeweavers.com/?p=wined3d/indexproducts 22.frag 4.51] <small>Windows</small>|DirectX 1-7{{✗}} |OpenGL|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows applications and games

|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/ dgVoodoo 2]Game Porting Toolkit|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|macOS}}|[httphttps://degegist.freewebgithub.hucom/dgVoodoo2Frityet/dgVoodoo2.html 2.55.4.1448a945690bd7c8cff5fef49daae858e Installation guide]|DirectX 1-7, Direct3D 8.1, Glide{{✗}} |Direct3D 11|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows games

|[https://www.dxglbox86.org/ DXGLBox86/Box64]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|LiA|Android|Pandora}}|[https://wwwgithub.dxglcom/ptitSeb/box86 git-86]/[https://github.orgcom/ptitSeb/downloadsbox64/ 0.5.15git-64]|DirectX 1-7{{✓}} |OpenGL|{{✓}} ||{{✗~}} <small>WIP</small>|x86-64 Linux programs

|[http://www.glidos.net/ Glidos[FEX-Emu]]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}|[httphttps://wwwgithub.glidos.netcom/FEX-Emu/download.html 1.53bFEX git]|Glide <small>(DOS)</small>{{✓}} |?|{{✗✓}} ||?{{~}}|x86-64 Linux programs

|[http://openglide.sourceforge.net/ OpenGlide[Wine]]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}|[https://sourceforgedl.winehq.netorg/projectswine-builds/openglideandroid/filesAndroid builds]<br/latest>[https:/download 0/wiki.09 Alphawinehq.org/ARM ARM support]|Glide{{✓}} |OpenGL|{{✗✓}} ||?{{~}}|Windows applications and games

|[https://sourceforgewaydro.netid/projects/psvoodoo/ psVoodooindex.html WayDroid]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}|[https://sourceforgewaydro.net/projects/psvoodoo/files/latestid/download 0.13#install git]|Glide{{✓}} |Direct3D 9|{{✗✓}} ||?{{~}}|Android software

! colspan|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos Vita2hos]|align="7"left|{{Icon|Switch}}|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos/releases/tag/alpha-0.3 Alpha 0.3]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|2000's and later APIsruns PlayStation Vita applications natively

|[https://github.com/doitsujinAndreRH/dxvk DXVKhangover Hangover]|Linuxalign=left|{{Icon||LinuxARM|Android}}|[https://github.com/doitsujinAndreRH/dxvkhangover/releases 1.0.2git]|Direct3D 10-11{{✓}} |Vulkan|{{✓}} ||{{✓✗}}|Windows applications and games

|[[Wine|Wine Direct3DSkyline]]|Windows, Linux, macOSalign=left|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVerIcon|Android}}] <small>(Linux, macOS)</small><br /> |[https://fdossenagithub.com/?p=wined3dskyline-emu/skyline/index.frag 4.5releases git] <small>Windows</small>|Direct3D 1-11|OpenGL{{✓}} |{{✓✗}} ||{{~✗}}|Nintendo Switch games and homebrew

|[https://github.com/Joshua-Ashton/d9vk D9VK[Anbox]]|Linuxalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}|[https://githubdocs.comanbox.io/Joshua-Ashtonuserguide/d9vk Gitinstall.html git]|Direct3D 9{{✓}} |Vulkan|{{✓✗}} ||{{✗}} <small>WIP</small>|Android software

|[https://githubwww.hikunpeng.com/iXitdocument/detail/en/kunpengdevps/wineug-nineexagear/usermanual/kunpengexagear_06_0002.html ExaGear-standalone Gallium NineKunPeng]|Linuxalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}} |[https://githubwww.hikunpeng.com/iXitdeveloper/wine-nine-standalone devkit/exagear 3.0.0.41]|Direct3D 9{{✗}} |?|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} |x86 Linux programs<smallabbr title="into Kunpeng platform instructions in real time">WIP*</smallabbr>

|[https://sourceold.winehqreddit.orgcom/gitr/vkd3d.gitopenKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ vkd3dKMRE]|Linuxalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}|[https://sourcearchive.winehqkylinos.orgcn/gitkylin/vkd3dKYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.git4.8.7-0k0.9_arm64.deb 2.4.8.7-0k0.9]</br>[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/ 1k/kmre/kmre_2.5.0.2-0k0.11tablet3_arm64.deb 2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3]<ref group=A name=kmrearm>2.5.0.2 is only for some industrial tablets or similar devices with Phytium processors. Regular desktop devices should continue with 2.4.8.7 .</ref>|Direct3D 12{{?}} |Vulkan|{{✓~}} ||{{✗}} <small>WIP<|Allows openKylin/small>NeoKylin (with supported processors) to run Android applications.

|[https://github.com/Joshua-Ashton/dxup DXUP]|Windows, Linux|[https://github.com/Joshua-Ashton/dxup Git]|Direct3D !colspan="9-10|Direct3D 11|{{✓}} |"|{{✗}} <small>WIP</small>Console

|[https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK MoltenVK[Nintendont]]|macOS, iOSalign=left|{{Icon|Wii|WiiU}}|[https://github.com/KhronosGroupFIX94/MoltenVK/releases 1.0.33Nintendont git]|Vulkan{{✓}} |Metal|{{✓}} ||?{{✓}}|GameCube games

!colspan="7"|[https://github.com/disks86/VK9 VK9]|Windows, Linux|[https://github.com/disks86/VK9/releases 0.29.0]|Direct3D 9|Vulkan|{{✗}} ||{{✗}}Other

* [http[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].**[[Proton]] <small class="plainlinks" style="font-weight:normal;">[https://www.zeusprotondb.com/ (compatibility)]</small>: is Valve's one-softwareclick solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as [[Wrappers|DXVK]] (which is a wrapper explained below) and FAudio.**[https://www.codeweavers.com/downloadsproducts/nglide nGlideCrossOver] is a 3Dfx Voodoo Glide wrappercommercialized, supported version of Wine from CodeWeavers. It uses additional patches on top of Wine to make it easy to use. They contribute all of their work on CrossOvers back to Wine and make up about two thirds of the commits made to Wine. CrossOver is available on macOS, Linux and Chrome OS. **[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows you users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted. * [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to play run games designed originally made for 3Dfx Glide API without the need Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for having 3Dfx Voodoo graphics cardsome games running on Linux. All three API * '''Rosetta''' was a compatibility layer for running PowerPC apps on x86-based Macs on OS X versions are supported, Glide prior to 1.07. '''Rosetta 2''' is a comptibility layer on Apple silicon Macs allowing x86-64 apps to run on ARM-based Macs.11, Glide Note that Rosetta 2is not strictly limited to MacOS apps as software such as Crossover is able to call it to emulate x86 code in Windows binaries.60 and Glide 3.10* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. nGlide emulates Glide environment with Direct3D 9 and version 2.0 implemented Vulkan supportIn its nature, which also makes it work under Linux using is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] Staging 2project.10At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI.0 or newer.<ref name="nglidevulkan">http* [https://wwwmcpelauncher.zeus-softwarereadthedocs.comio/forum/viewtopicMinecraft Bedrock Launcher] is a compatibility layer made specifically to run the Android version of Minecraft: Bedrock Edition on Linux and macOS. It is not compatible with any other Android apps.* [[Anbox]] is a project that aims to run Android applications on Ubuntu distributions. It is in alpha state and only known to work on Ubuntu 16.04. Anbox requires custom kernel modules to run because, unlike other emulators which emulate the whole Linux kernel, this one uses the host system's Linux kernel directly.php?f=2&* Windows Subsystem for Linux 1 is a compatibility layer and shouldn't=2044<be confused with WSL2. WSL2 introduced important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of '''Hyper-V features''', so it's not a compatibility layer like WSL1.* KMRE is a compatibility layer and it's the official solution to run Android applications on computers with Chinese homegrown Phytium/ref> Glide wrapper KunPeng ARM processors and NeoKylin Linux operating system, though later also supports high resolution modes. Has a available on x86-64 on [httphttps://www.zeus-softwareubuntukylin.com/downloads/nglide/index-en.html Ubuntu Kylin]. KMRE is not designed with third-party applications outside its app store and in fact, force installing third-party apps breaks older versions of KMRE. It's the go-to solution if you are restricted to working with these kinds of computers due to national security reasons.* Vita2hos is an early compatibility compatibility list]layer for Nintendo Switch that runs PlayStation Vita applications natively. Only able to load simple test homebrews such as vita-8 as of December 2022. Appears to only be developed every once in a while.

* [http://dege.freeweb.hu/ dgVoodoo 2] is a closed source wrapper for old graphics API==Wrappers==Compatibility layers may also make use of '''wrappers''s for Windows Vista/7/8/10. The API's it currently can wrap are: Glide 2.11, Glide 2.45, Glide 3.1, Glide 3.1 Napalm, DirectX 1-7 (all versions of DirectDraw and Direct3D up to version 7) and Direct3D 8.1. This wrapper can use Direct3D 11 with different device types as wrapping output such as hardware or software rendering. * [[Wine]] has an internal which translate a specific graphics API wrapper for Direct3D 1-11 using OpenGL. It works mostly well for older games, but is slower and has more bugs than newer wrappers using Vulkan, such as DXVK. It is possible to use Wine's wrapper in Windows using different forksanother. * [https://source.winehq.org/git/vkd3d.git/ vkd3d] is an internal Wine How the user sets up the wrapper for Direct3D 12 to Vulkan translation. Sponsored by Valve. Currently varies between each project but most involve a work drop-in progress. * [https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk DXVK] is a Vulkan-based translation layer for Direct3D 10 & 11, which allows running Windows 3D applications on Linux using [[Wine]]. * [https://github.com/Joshua-Ashton/d9vk D9VK] is a Direct3D 9 to Vulkan translation layer based off DXVK's codebase. Will be merged into DXVK if it matures enough <ref name="d9vktodxvk">https://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/dxvk-102-is-out-with-some-bug-fixes-d9vk-seems-to-be-progressing-nicely.13868/comment_id=151909</ref>. * [https://github.com/disks86/VK9 VK9] runs Direct3D 9 applications on Windows or Linux (with [[Wine]]) over Vulkan. * [https://www.dxgl.org/ DXGL] is a free replacement for the Windows ddraw.dll library, running on OpenGL. It is designed to overcome driver bugs, particularly in Windows Vista and newer operating systems. It also adds various enhancements to the graphics output such as display scaling and filtering options. DXGL supports of the DirectX 7.0 graphics APIs, however it is currently under development and does not work with many programs. ==External links==[https://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/dxvk-102-is-out-with-some-bug-fixes-d9vk-seems-to-be-progressing-nicelyoriginal libraries.13868/comment_id=151939 State of Direct3D 9-12 translation layers] by DXVK author YoRHa-2B (2019-04-02)

==References=={{ReflistMain|Wrappers}}