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!colspan|[[FEX-Emu]]|align="6"left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}|[https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}|Mobilex86-64 Linux programs
|}
===Comparisons===
*[[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].
**[[Proton]] is Valves one-click solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as DXVK (explained below) and FAudio.
**[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted.
* [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to run games originally made for Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for some games from the Linux-based Sega Lindbergh arcade board.
* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. In its nature, it is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] project. At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI.
==Graphics APIs==
Compatibility layers may also make use of '''wrappers''', which translate a specific graphics API to another. How the user sets up the wrapper varies between each project but most involve a drop-in replacement of the original libraries.
To understand why this is needed for older games, it's important to understand that during the 90s the graphics card market for [[86/286/386/486/Pentium/Pentium_II|IBM PCs and compatibles]] was in its infancy, and Direct3D wasn't an automatic choice for developers. Some games were often designed for 3Dfx's Glide API so that it would run with their Voodoo card. With 3dfx going bankrupt however, support for Glide didn't stay around and was basically abandoned for so long that modern Windows does not support it. A wrapper is now needed to play these games, or if we're lucky the game gets [[Game engine recreations/Source Ports|a port]] to other APIs instead.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope|[https://waydro.id/index.html WayDroid]|align="col"left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}|Name[https://waydro.id/#install git]! scope="col"|Operating System(s){{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}! scope="col"|Latest VersionAndroid software! scope="col"|Translates-! scope="col"|Into[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos Vita2hos]! scope|align="col"left|{{Icon|ActiveSwitch}}! scope="col"|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos/releases/tag/alpha-0.3 Alpha 0.3]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|runs PlayStation Vita applications natively|-|[Recommended Emulatorshttps://github.com/AndreRH/hangover Hangover]|Recommended]align=left|{{Icon||LinuxARM|Android}}|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover/releases git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|Windows applications and games
|[https://github.com/disks86/VK9 VK9]|Windows, Linux|[https://github.com/disks86/VK9/releases 0.29.0]|Direct3D !colspan="9|Vulkan|{{✓}} |"|?Console
* [http://dege.freeweb.hu/ dgVoodoo 2] is ==Wrappers==Compatibility layers may also make use of '''wrappers''', which translate a wrapper for old specific graphics API's for Windows Vista/7/8/10to another. The API's it currently can wrap are: Glide 2.11, Glide 2.45, Glide 3.1, Glide 3.1 Napalm, DirectX 1-7 (all versions of DirectDraw and Direct3D How the user sets up to version 7) and Direct3D 8.1. This the wrapper can use Direct3D 11 with different device types as wrapping output such as hardware or software rendering. * [https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk DXVK] is varies between each project but most involve a Vulkandrop-based translation layer for Direct3D 10 & 11, which allows running Windows 3D applications on Linux using [[Wine]]. * [https://github.com/disks86/VK9 VK9] runs Direct3D 9 applications on Windows or Linux (with [[Wine]]) over Vulkanin replacement of the original libraries.
==References=={{ReflistMain|Wrappers}}
no edit summary
While not strictly emulation ''per se'' (hence why [[Wine]] stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator"), '''compatibility layers''' allow software written for one operating system to run on a different OS, often by translating API and system calls made by an application to their equivalent calls in the host operating system. In theory, this should allow for near-native performance since no processor emulation takes place, but in practice some software such as games will tend to run a bit slower due to other bottlenecks that occur as a result of [[Emulation Accuracyaccuracy|replicating the correct behavior]], such as accounting for graphics APIs like Direct3D that aren't supported on non-Microsoft platforms. Additionally, compatibility layers may also use emulation in order to run software built for a different architecture, see [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layers|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".
==Compatibility layers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Operating System(s)
! scope="col"|Latest Version
! scope="col"|<abbr title="Free/Libre and Open-Source Software">FLOSS</abbr>
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulatorsemulators|Recommended]]
! scope="col"|Runs the following software
|-
!colspan="67"|PCx86,x86-64
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux, |macOS|FreeBSD|Haiku}}|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}}<br />(Dev: {{WineDevVer}})]<br />[https://wiki.winehq.org/Haiku Haiku]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|[[WineskinProton]]<br/><small>(included with Steam)</small>|macOSalign=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[httphttps://wineskinstore.steampowered.urgesoftwarecom/about/ {{ProtonVer}}]<br/>[https://github.com/tikiValveSoftware/Proton/tags git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows games|-index|[[TeknoParrot]]|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|<abbr title="TPBootstrapper/Web Installer which downloads the latest versions of all components with TeknoParrot automatically for you.php?page">[https://github.com/nzgamer41/TPBootstrapper/tags TPBootstrapper]</abbr><br/>[https://teknoparrot.com/download {{TeknoVer}}]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|PC-based arcade games|-|Rosetta|align=Downloads 1left|{{Icon|macOS}}|N/A|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}|PowerPC OS X apps on x86-64 based Macs. Support ended with OS X 10.7|-|CrossOver|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|ChromeOS}}|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|[https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io Minecraft Bedrock Launcher]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS}}|[https://github.com/minecraft-linux/mcpelauncher-manifest v0.10.0]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}|Minecraft: Bedrock Edition (Android version)|-|[https://waydro.id/index.html WayDroid]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://waydro.id/#install git]<br />[https://github.com/casualsnek/waydroid_script Extras script]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}|Android software|-|libhoudini<br/>[https://groups.google.com/g/android-ndk-announce libndk]<br/>[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/bridge-technology.html Intel BT]|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}|[https://github.com/SGNight/Arm-NativeBridge#download-links-- 1], [https://github.com/Rprop/libhoudini#libhoudini 2], [https://archive.org/details/androidx86-houdini 3], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_intel_proprietary_houdini 4], [https://github.com/m9rco/Genymotion_ARM_Translation 5], [https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 6], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_google_proprietary_ndk_translation-prebuilt 7]|{{✗}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}|ARM apps|-|[Proton[Anbox]]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://docs.anbox.io/userguide/install.html git]|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}|Android software|-|[https://storewww.steampoweredgfdgdxi.top/uengine-runner/Help/ UEngine]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/aboutgfdgd-xi/ uengine-runner git]|{{~}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|Android software|-|[[Darling]]|align=left|{{ProtonVerIcon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/darlinghq/darling git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>|macOS software|-|Linuxulator|align=left|{{Icon|FreeBSD}}|[https://wiki.freebsd.org/Linuxulator Wiki]<br />[https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/linuxemu/ Docs]|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|Windows gamesLinux software
|-
|[[TeknoParrot]https://www.linzhuotech.com/index.php/home/index/xdroid.html xDroid]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://teknoparrotwww.linzhuotech.com/ Product/download 11.1.51]|{{TeknoVer✗}}]||{{✓}} ||{{✓✗}}|Windows-based arcade gamesAndroid software
|-
|[[WineVDM]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[https://github.com/otya128/winevdm/releases v0git]<br />[https://ci.6appveyor.0com/project/otya128/winevdm/ Dev]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|16-bit Windows apps and games
|-
|[[Wineskin]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/tiki-index.php?page=Downloads 1.7]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|WineBottler
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://winebottler.kronenberg.org/ 4.0.1.1 Dev]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|[[WoW]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|?N/A|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 9x apps and games
|-
|[[Win3mu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|?[http://bitbucket.org/toptensoftware/win3mu Source]|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 3.x apps and games
|-
|[[NTVDMx64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/leecher1337/ntvdmx64 git]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications and games
|-
|[[Ardi Executor]]
|Multi-platformalign=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|DOS}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080404193445/http://www.ardi.com/ardi.php 2.1.17]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Classic Mac OS software up to System 6
|-
|[http://dosemu.sourceforge.net/ DOSEmu]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[Darlinghttps://sourceforge.net/projects/dosemu/files/ 1.4.0]|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}|DOS software|-|[http://dosemu2.github.io/dosemu2/ DOSEmu2]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/darlinghqdosemu2/darling Gitdosemu2 git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|DOS software|-|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/ Windows Subsystem for Linux '''1''']|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install Install guide]|{{?}} ||{{?}} ||{{✗}} |Allows developers to run a Linux environment.|-|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin/pool/partner/kmre_2.4.6.8+22.04_amd64.deb 2.4.6.8]</br>[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.4.8.7-0k0.9_amd64.deb 2.4.8.7-0k0.9]<smallref group=A name=kmrex86>(WIP)2.4.8.7 is untested-NeoKylin never announced nor shipped this with x86 releases</smallref>|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}|Allows openKylin/Ubuntu Kylin to run Android applications.|-!colspan="7"|ARM|-|Rosetta 2|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}|N/A|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|x86-64 macOS softwareapplications on Apple Silicon Macs|-|CrossOver|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows applications and games|-|Game Porting Toolkit|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}|[https://gist.github.com/Frityet/448a945690bd7c8cff5fef49daae858e Installation guide]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows games|-|[https://box86.org/ Box86/Box64]|align=left|{{Icon|LiA|Android|Pandora}}|[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box86 git-86]/[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box64/ git-64]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}|x86-64 Linux programs
|-
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}|[https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/android/ Android builds]<br/>[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download ARM ARM support]|{{WineVer✓}}]||{{✓}} ||{{✗~}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|Windows applications and games
|-
|-
|[http://www.zeus-software.com/downloads/nglide nGlide[Skyline]]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|Android}}|[httphttps://wwwgithub.zeuscom/skyline-software.comemu/downloadsskyline/nglide 2.0releases git]|Glide|Vulkan, Direct3D 9{{✓}} |{{✓✗}} ||{{✓✗}}|Nintendo Switch games and homebrew
|-
|[https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk DXVK[Anbox]]|Linuxalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}|[https://githubdocs.anbox.com/doitsujinio/dxvkuserguide/releases 0install.95html git]|Direct3D 10, Direct3D 11{{✓}} |Vulkan|{{✓✗}} ||{{✓✗}}|Android software
|-
|[https://githubwww.hikunpeng.com/KhronosGroupdocument/detail/en/kunpengdevps/ug-exagear/usermanual/MoltenVK MoltenVKkunpengexagear_06_0002.html ExaGear-KunPeng]|macOS, iOSalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}} |[https://githubwww.hikunpeng.com/KhronosGroupdeveloper/MoltenVKdevkit/releases 1exagear 3.0.0.311]|Vulkan{{✗}} |Metal|{{✓}} ||?{{✗}} |x86 Linux programs<abbr title="into Kunpeng platform instructions in real time">*</abbr>
|-
|[httphttps://degeold.freewebreddit.hucom/ dgVoodoo 2r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}|[httphttps://degearchive.freewebkylinos.hucn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/dgVoodoo2kmre/dgVoodoo2kmre_2.4.8.html 7-0k0.9_arm64.deb 2.554.8.7-0k0.49]|Direct3D 1</br>[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3_arm64.deb 2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3]<ref group=A name=kmrearm>2.5.0.2 is only for some industrial tablets or similar devices with Phytium processors. Regular desktop devices should continue with 2.4.8.7, Direct3D 8.1, Glide</ref>|Direct3D 11{{?}} ||{{✓~}} ||?{{✗}}|Allows openKylin/NeoKylin (with supported processors) to run Android applications.
|-
|-
|[http://www.glidos.net/ Glidos[Nintendont]]|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|Wii|WiiU}}|[httphttps://wwwgithub.glidos.netcom/FIX94/download.html 1.53bNintendont git]|Glide <small>(DOS)</small>{{✓}} |?|{{✗✓}} ||?{{✓}}|GameCube games
|-
!colspan="7"|[http://openglide.sourceforge.net/ OpenGlide]|Windows|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/openglide/files/latest/download 0.09 Alpha]|Glide|OpenGL|{{✗}} ||?Other
|-
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/psvoodoo/ psVoodoo]LATX|Windowsalign=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[httpshttp://sourceforgepkg.loongnix.netcn/projectsloongnix/psvoodoopool/filesmain/latestl/download 0lat/ 1.134.3 Beta 2]|Glide{{✗}} |Direct3D 9|{{✗✓}} ||?{{TBD}} |x86 Linux programs<abbr title="into LoongArch64 instruction set">*</abbr>
|}
<references group=A />
===Comparisons===
* [http[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].**[[Proton]] <small class="plainlinks" style="font-weight:normal;">[https://www.zeusprotondb.com/ (compatibility)]</small>: is Valve's one-softwareclick solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as [[Wrappers|DXVK]] (which is a wrapper explained below) and FAudio.**[https://www.codeweavers.com/downloadsproducts/nglide nGlideCrossOver] is a 3Dfx Voodoo Glide wrappercommercialized, supported version of Wine from CodeWeavers. It uses additional patches on top of Wine to make it easy to use. They contribute all of their work on CrossOvers back to Wine and make up about two thirds of the commits made to Wine. CrossOver is available on macOS, Linux and Chrome OS. **[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows you users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted. * [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to play run games designed originally made for 3Dfx Glide API without the need Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for having 3Dfx Voodoo graphics cardsome games running on Linux. All three API * '''Rosetta''' was a compatibility layer for running PowerPC apps on x86-based Macs on OS X versions are supported, Glide prior to 1.07. '''Rosetta 2''' is a comptibility layer on Apple silicon Macs allowing x86-64 apps to run on ARM-based Macs.11, Glide Note that Rosetta 2is not strictly limited to MacOS apps as software such as Crossover is able to call it to emulate x86 code in Windows binaries.60 and Glide 3.10* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. nGlide emulates Glide environment with Direct3D 9 and version 2.0 implemented Vulkan supportIn its nature, which also makes it work under Linux using is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] Staging 2project.10At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI.0 or newer.<ref name="nglidevulkan">http* [https://wwwmcpelauncher.zeus-softwarereadthedocs.comio/forum/viewtopicMinecraft Bedrock Launcher] is a compatibility layer made specifically to run the Android version of Minecraft: Bedrock Edition on Linux and macOS. It is not compatible with any other Android apps.* [[Anbox]] is a project that aims to run Android applications on Ubuntu distributions. It is in alpha state and only known to work on Ubuntu 16.04. Anbox requires custom kernel modules to run because, unlike other emulators which emulate the whole Linux kernel, this one uses the host system's Linux kernel directly.php?f=2&* Windows Subsystem for Linux 1 is a compatibility layer and shouldn't=2044<be confused with WSL2. WSL2 introduced important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of '''Hyper-V features''', so it's not a compatibility layer like WSL1.* KMRE is a compatibility layer and it's the official solution to run Android applications on computers with Chinese homegrown Phytium/ref> Glide wrapper KunPeng ARM processors and NeoKylin Linux operating system, though later also supports high resolution modes. Has a available on x86-64 on [httphttps://www.zeus-softwareubuntukylin.com/downloads/nglide/index-en.html Ubuntu Kylin]. KMRE is not designed with third-party applications outside its app store and in fact, force installing third-party apps breaks older versions of KMRE. It's the go-to solution if you are restricted to working with these kinds of computers due to national security reasons.* Vita2hos is an early compatibility compatibility list]layer for Nintendo Switch that runs PlayStation Vita applications natively. Only able to load simple test homebrews such as vita-8 as of December 2022. Appears to only be developed every once in a while.
[[Category:Compatibility layers]]
[[Category:Not really emulators]]
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