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→Compatibility layers
While not strictly emulation ''per se'' (hence why [[Wine]] stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator"), '''compatibility layers''' allow software written for one operating system to run on a different OS, often by translating API and system calls made by an application to their equivalent calls in the host operating system. In theory, this should allow for near-native performance since no processor emulation takes place, but in practice some software such as games will tend to run a bit slower due to other bottlenecks that occur as a result of [[Emulation Accuracyaccuracy|replicating the correct behavior]], such as accounting for graphics APIs like Direct3D that aren't supported on non-Microsoft platforms. Additionally, compatibility layers may also use emulation in order to run software built for a different architecture.
==Compatibility layers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Operating System(s)
! scope="col"|Latest Version
! scope="col"|<abbr title="Free/Libre and Open-Source Software">FLOSS</abbr>
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulatorsemulators|Recommended]]
! scope="col"|Runs the following software
|-
!colspan="67"|PC / x86
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}} <br />(Dev: {{WineDevVer}})]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://store.steampowered.com/about/ {{ProtonVer}}]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[[TeknoParrot]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://teknoparrot.com/download {{TeknoVer}}]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|WindowsPC-based arcade games
|-
|Rosetta|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}|N/A|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|x86 macOS applications (PowerPC macOS apps on earlier versions)|-|CrossOver|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|ChromeOS}}|[https://anboxwww.iocodeweavers.com/ products 21.1.0]|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}|Windows applications and games|-|[[Anbox]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://docs.anbox.io/userguide/install.html Gitgit]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android software
|-
|[[Darling]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/darlinghq/darling Gitgit]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|macOS software
|-
|[[WineVDM]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/otya128/winevdm/releases v0.7.0git]<br />[https://ci.appveyor.com/project/otya128/winevdm/ Dev]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|16-bit Windows apps and games
|-
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/tiki-index.php?page=Downloads 1.7]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://winebottler.kronenberg.org/ 4.0.1.1 Dev]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|?
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 9x apps and games
|-
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|?
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 3.x apps and games
|-
|[[NTVDMx64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/leecher1337/ntvdmx64 git]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications and games
|-
|[[Ardi Executor]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|DOS}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080404193445/http://www.ardi.com/ardi.php 2.1.17]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Classic Mac OS software up to System 6
|-
|[http://dosemu.sourceforge.net/ DOSEmu]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosemu/files/ 1.4.0]|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}|DOS software|-|[http://dosemu2.github.io/dosemu2/ DOSEmu2]|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}|[https://github.com/dosemu2/dosemu2 git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}|DOS software|-!colspan="67"|Mobile / ARM|-|[https://box86.org/ Box86]|align=left|{{Icon|LiA|Android|Pandora|Pyra}}|[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box86 git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}|x86 Linux programs
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineDevVer}}]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗✓}} ||{{~}} <small>(WIP)</small>
|Windows applications and games
|-
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover Hangover]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android|LinuxARM}}
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover/releases 0.4.0git]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications and games
|-
|[https://anbox.io/ [Anbox]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://docs.anbox.io/userguide/install.html Gitgit]|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android software
|-
|[[FEX-Emu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX git]
|{{TBD}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|x86 and X86-64 Linux programs
|-
|[[Skyline]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|TBD
|{{✓}}
|{{✓}}
|{{~}}
|Nintendo Switch games and homebrew
|-
!colspan="9"|Console
|-
|[[Nintendont]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Wii|WiiU}}
|[https://github.com/FIX94/Nintendont git]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|GameCube games
|}
===Comparisons===
*[[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].
**[[Proton]] is Valves Valve's one-click solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as DXVK (explained below) and FAudio.**[https://www.codeweavers.com/products/ CrossOver] is a commercialized, supported version of Wine from CodeWeavers. It uses additional patches on top of Wine to make it easy to use. They contribute all of their work on CrossOvers back to Wine and make up about two thirds of the commits made to Wine. CrossOver is available on macOS, Linux and Chrome OS.
**[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted.
* [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to run games originally made for Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for some games from the Linux-based Sega Lindbergh arcade board.
