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==Chart==
==Chart==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|System
! scope="col"|System
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Normal clock
! scope="col"|Normal clock
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Hardware Overclock
! scope="col"|Hardware Overclock
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Emulation Overclock
! scope="col"|Emulation Overclock
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Overclock levels
! scope="col"|Overclock levels
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Nintendo Entertainment System emulators|NES]]
|[[Atari Jaguar emulators|Atari Jaguar]]
| style="text-align: center;"|1.79 MHz
|13.295 MHz/26.59 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|?
|{{na}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Main CPU)
|[[Nintendo Entertainment System emulators|NES]]
| style="text-align: center;"|3.58 MHz
|1.79 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|4.1 -7.6 Mhz
|{{na}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 1)
|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Main CPU)
| style="text-align: center;"|10.5 MHz
|3.58 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|40-60 Mhz
|4.1-7.6 Mhz
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 2)
|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 1)
| style="text-align: center;"|21 MHz
|10.5 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|40-60 Mhz,
|40-60 Mhz
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Sega Genesis emulators|Sega Genesis]]
|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 2)
| style="text-align: center;"|7.7 MHz
|21 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="kyorune">http://kyorune.com/modding/article.php?id=73</ref>
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|13.1-25.4 MHz<ref name="kyorune"/>
|40-60 Mhz
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[PlayStation emulators|PlayStation]]
|[[Sega Genesis emulators|Sega Genesis]]
| style="text-align: center;"|33.8 MHz
|7.7 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="kraut">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HapnSOseDfw</ref>
|{{✓}}<ref name="kyorune">http://kyorune.com/modding/article.php?id=73</ref>
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|66Mhz<ref name="kraut"/>
|13.1-25.4 MHz<ref name="kyorune"/>
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Sega Saturn emulators|Sega Saturn]]
|[[Sega Dreamcast emulators|Sega Dreamcast]] (SH4 CPU)
| style="text-align: center;"|28.6 MHz*
|200 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|No
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|No
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|-
|220MHZ-240MHz
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Nintendo 64 emulators|Nintendo 64]]
|[[PlayStation emulators|PlayStation]]
| style="text-align: center;"|93.75 MHz
|33.8 MHz
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="n64oc">http://www.gamesx.com/misctech/n64oc.htm</ref>
|{{✓}}<ref name="kraut">See {{YouTubeVideo|HapnSOseDfw|here}}</ref>
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{✓}}
| style="text-align: center;"|125-187.5 Mhz<ref name="n64oc"/>
|66Mhz<ref name="kraut"/>
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Neo Geo emulators|Neo Geo]]
|[[Sega Saturn emulators|Sega Saturn]]
| style="text-align: center;"|12 MHz
|28.6 MHz*
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="neooc">http://www.neo-geo.com/forums/showthread.php?158016-68K-s-guide-to-overclocking-your-Neo-Geo-AES</ref>
|{{✗}}
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes
|{{Y}}
| style="text-align: center;"|14-18 MHz<ref name="neooc"/>
|{{?}}
|-
|[[Nintendo 64 emulators|Nintendo 64]]
|93.75 MHz
|{{✓}}<ref name="n64oc">http://www.gamesx.com/misctech/n64oc.htm</ref>
|{{✓}}
|125-187.5 Mhz<ref name="n64oc"/>
|-
|[[Neo Geo emulators|Neo Geo]]
|12 MHz
|{{✓}}<ref name="neooc">http://www.neo-geo.com/forums/showthread.php?158016-68K-s-guide-to-overclocking-your-Neo-Geo-AES</ref>
|{{✓}}
|14-18 MHz<ref name="neooc"/>
|-
|[[3DO emulators|3DO]]
|12.5 MHz
|{{na|text=Unknown}}
|{{✓}}
|{{na}}
|-
|[[Nintendo Switch emulators|Switch]]
|1020 MHz (CPU), 768 MHz (GPU), 1600 MHz (RAM)
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|1785 MHz (CPU), 921 MHz (GPU), 2133 MHz (RAM)
|-
|-
|}
|}
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==MAME==
==MAME==
By default [[MAME]] allows you to change the clock speed of the systems it emulates (including consoles) to anything between 50% to 250% of the original clock speed, the only requirement is that you enable cheats for that game/system.
By default [[MAME]] allows you to change the clock speed of the systems it emulates (including consoles) to anything between 50% to 250% of the original clock speed, the only requirement is that you enable cheats for that game/system.
==Atari Jaguar==
Overclocking is [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/109944-overclocked-jaguar/ possible on real hardware]. [[BigPEmu]] supports the clock scale and Blitter speed changing under speed settings.


==NES==
==NES==
Overclocking is possible on real hardware, but doing so also speeds up the audio unless you're using a special hardware mod like the HiDefNES which does allow for overclocking without changing the audio pitch<ref name="HiDefNESoverclock">https://youtu.be/QnQuBN3iYVA?t=4m8s</ref>.  
Overclocking is possible on real hardware, but doing so also speeds up the audio unless you're using a special hardware mod like the HiDefNES which does allow for overclocking without changing the audio pitch<ref name="HiDefNESoverclock">See {{YouTubeVideoTime|QnQuBN3iYVA|248|here}}</ref>.  


[[FCEUX]] as of 2.2.3 includes an overclocking option which works by adding additional scanlines to the PPU loop. This method doesn't cause audio distortion. It is found under Config > Timing.
[[FCEUX]] as of 2.2.3 includes an overclocking option which works by adding additional scanlines to the PPU loop. This method doesn't cause audio distortion. It is found under Config > Timing.
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Only MAME has an option to change the main CPU frequency, which requires you to enable cheats. MAME SNES emulation is very demanding by default and activating the overclock only makes it worse. It is more stable than the real hardware while overclocked and won't exhibit the same issues, but it is still very unstable especially if you adjust the frequency multiple times. It also does not allow you to go over 250% clock speed, which isn't enough to fully get rid of slowdowns in some games.
Only MAME has an option to change the main CPU frequency, which requires you to enable cheats. MAME SNES emulation is very demanding by default and activating the overclock only makes it worse. It is more stable than the real hardware while overclocked and won't exhibit the same issues, but it is still very unstable especially if you adjust the frequency multiple times. It also does not allow you to go over 250% clock speed, which isn't enough to fully get rid of slowdowns in some games.


The latest builds of all [[Snes9x]] libretro cores can overclock by reducing the number of emulated CPU/memory access cycles from 6, 8, and 12 to either 4, 5, and 6 (Compatible) or 3, 3, and 3 (Max) respectively. Just for comparison, that means the Max option is effectively 7.16 MHz. Gameplay is not sped up (assuming the game is not in a constant state of some slowdown, to begin with, like Out of This World) and the issues experienced on real hardware are not present, though stability will vary depending on the game and which option you use. Also to note, some games may work better with the Max option rather than Compatible, as appears to be the case for Mega Man X1 which has a bit of graphical corruption under very specific conditions when using the Compatible option, so try both if you encounter issues.
The latest standalone version of [[Snes9x]] and all of the [[libretro]] cores builds can overclock by reducing the number of emulated CPU/memory access cycles from 6, 8, and 12 to either 4, 5, and 6 (Compatible) or 3, 3, and 3 (Max) respectively. Just for comparison, that means the Max option is effectively 7.16 MHz. Gameplay is not sped up (assuming the game is not in a constant state of some slowdown, to begin with, like Out of This World) and the issues experienced on real hardware are not present, though stability will vary depending on the game and which option you use. Also to note, some games may work better with the Max option rather than Compatible, as appears to be the case for Mega Man X1 which has a bit of graphical corruption under very specific conditions when using the Compatible option, so try both if you encounter issues.


===Super FX chip===
===Super FX chip===
The first version of the chip, commonly referred to as simply "Super FX", is clocked with a 21 MHz signal, but an internal clock speed divider halves it to 10.5 MHz. Later on, the design was revised to become the Super FX GSU-2; this, unlike the first Super FX chip revision, is able to reach 21 MHz.
The first version of the chip, commonly referred to as simply "Super FX", is clocked with a 21 MHz signal, but an internal clock speed divider halves it to 10.5 MHz. Later on, the design was revised to become the Super FX GSU-2; this, unlike the first Super FX chip revision, is able to reach 21 MHz.


The SFX chip can be overclocked on real hardware or emulation with fewer issues than overclocking the CPU. However, tests have shown that overclocking can increase the speed of the game, in addition to increasing the frame rate and removing slowdown.<ref name="Dragon50hztest">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfNI3HpUt-4</ref>
The SFX chip can be overclocked on real hardware or emulation with fewer issues than overclocking the CPU. However, tests have shown that overclocking can increase the speed of the game, in addition to increasing the frame rate and removing slowdown.<ref name="Dragon50hztest">See {{YouTubeVideo|tfNI3HpUt-4|here}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Clock speed
! scope="col"|Clock speed
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Time
! scope="col"|Time
! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Increase
! scope="col"|Increase
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Normal
|Normal
| style="text-align: center;"|1'46'02
|1'46'02
| style="text-align: center;"|-------
|&mdash;
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|50hz
|50Hz
| style="text-align: center;"|1'23'78
|1'23'78
| style="text-align: center;"|27.711%<ref name="Dragon50hztest"/>
|27.711%<ref name="Dragon50hztest"/>
 
|}
|}


[[RetroArch|Snes9x-Next]] allows for SFX overclocking, as well as [[higan|bsnes-mercury]], though in the latter the increase in CPU requirements can be noticeable.
The latest standalone version of [[Snes9x]], as well as [[RetroArch|Snes9x-Next]] and [[higan|bsnes-mercury]] allows for SFX overclocking. Though in the latter the increase in CPU requirements can be noticeable.


==PC-Engine (TG-16)==
==PC-Engine (TG-16)==
Line 130: Line 156:


===List of games that can take advantage of overclocking===
===List of games that can take advantage of overclocking===
<pre>
* ''A Bug's Life''
A Bug's Life
* ''Aidyn Chronicles - The First Mage''
Aidyn Chronicles - The First Mage
* ''Armorines - Project S.W.A.R.M.''
Armorines - Project S.W.A.R.M.
* ''Big Mountain 2000''
Big Mountain 2000
* ''Carmageddon''
Carmageddon
* ''Conker's Bad Fur Day''
Conker's Bad Fur Day
* ''Destruction Derby 64''
Destruction Derby 64
* ''Disney's Donald Duck - Goin' Quackers / Donald Duck - Quack Attack''
Disney's Donald Duck - Goin' Quackers / Donald Duck - Quack Attack
* ''Duck Dodgers Starring Daffy Duck / Looney Toons - Duck Dodgers''
Duck Dodgers Starring Daffy Duck / Looney Toons - Duck Dodgers
* ''Earthworm Jim 3D''
Earthworm Jim 3D
* ''Extreme-G''
Extreme-G
* ''Extreme-G XG2''
Extreme-G XG2
* ''F1 Racing Championship''
F1 Racing Championship
* ''F-1 Pole Position 64''
F-1 Pole Position 64
* ''Gex 3 - Deep Cover Gecko''
Gex 3 - Deep Cover Gecko
* ''GoldenEye 007''
GoldenEye 007
* ''Hot Wheels Turbo Racing''
Hot Wheels Turbo Racing
* ''Human Grand Prix - New Generation''
Human Grand Prix - New Generation
* ''Jet Force Gemini / Star Twins''
Jet Force Gemini / Star Twins
* ''Jeremy McGrath Supercross 2000''
Jeremy McGrath Supercross 2000
* ''Kobe Bryant's NBA Courtside''
Kobe Bryant's NBA Courtside
* ''Madden Football 64''
Madden Football 64
* ''Madden NFL 99-2002''
Madden NFL 99-2002
* ''Mario Kart 64 (Multiplayer and some tracks only)''
Mario Kart 64 (Multiplayer and some tracks only)
* ''Milo's Astro Lanes''
Milo's Astro Lanes
* ''Monaco Grand Prix - Racing Simulation 2''
Monaco Grand Prix - Racing Simulation 2
* ''Monster Truck Madness 64''
Monster Truck Madness 64
* ''NASCAR 99/2000''
NASCAR 99/2000
* ''NBA In the Zone 98 / NBA Pro 98''
NBA In the Zone 98 / NBA Pro 98
* ''Off Road Challenge''
Off Road Challenge
* ''Perfect Dark''
Perfect Dark
* ''Quake II''
Quake II
* ''Racing Simulation 2''
Racing Simulation 2
* ''Rakuga Kids''
Rakuga Kids
* ''Rayman 2 - The Great Escape''
Rayman 2 - The Great Escape
* ''Roadsters Trophy''
Roadsters Trophy
* ''San Francisco Rush - Extreme Racing (Multiplayer only)''
San Francisco Rush - Extreme Racing (Multiplayer only)
* ''San Francisco Rush 2049 (Multiplayer only)''
San Francisco Rush 2049 (Multiplayer only)
* ''South Park Rally''
South Park Rally
* ''StarCraft 64''
StarCraft 64
* ''Starshot - Space Circus Fever''
Starshot - Space Circus Fever
* ''Super Robot Spirits''
Super Robot Spirits
* ''Taz Express''
Taz Express
* ''The New Tetris''
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six
* ''Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six''
Tonic Trouble
* ''Tonic Trouble''
Toy Story 2
* ''Toy Story 2''
Transformers - Beast Wars Transmetal
* ''Transformers - Beast Wars Transmetal''
Turok 2 - Seeds of Evil / Violence Killer - Turok New Generation
* ''Turok 2 - Seeds of Evil / Violence Killer - Turok New Generation''
V-Rally Edition 99
* ''V-Rally Edition 99''
WCW vs. nWo - World Tour
* ''WCW vs. nWo - World Tour''
World Cup 98
* ''World Cup 98''
</pre>


==GameCube/Wii==
==GameCube/Wii==
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On real hardware, overclocking is possible using [http://djky2k3.tripod.com/psx_oc.html this modification].
On real hardware, overclocking is possible using [http://djky2k3.tripod.com/psx_oc.html this modification].


On emulators, [https://github.com/SonofUgly/PCSX-Reloaded/releases this modified build] of [[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-R]] as well as [http://ngemu.com/threads/pcsxr-pgxp.186369/ this fork] allow for overclocking, though most games will break past 1.5x clock speed. Recent builds of Beetle PSX (the libretro fork of Mednafen's PS1 core) also support overclocking, by way of removing timing penalties instead of increasing clock speed.
On emulators, [[Duckstation]] allows you to overclock the CPU up to 1000% or 10x and also supports CD speed up and seek speed up. [https://github.com/SonofUgly/PCSX-Reloaded/releases This modified build] of [[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-R]] as well as [http://ngemu.com/threads/pcsxr-pgxp.186369/ this fork] allow for overclocking, though most games will break past 1.5x clock speed. Recent builds of Beetle PSX (the libretro fork of Mednafen's PS1 core) also support overclocking, by way of removing timing penalties instead of increasing clock speed. EPSXe also natively supports overclocking up to 4x. Hydro Thunder benefits a lot from it, running at a constant 30 FPS without any other issues.


==PS2==
==PS2==
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==Sega Genesis==
==Sega Genesis==
The original hardware can be overclocked leading to faster/smoother gameplay.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVrElANZg2M</ref>
The original hardware can be overclocked leading to {{YouTubeVideo|SVrElANZg2M|faster/smoother gameplay}}.


Most Genesis emulators don't allow overclocking. The [[Genesis Plus GX]] developer, for instance, says that implementing overclocking is "not easy to add without potentially break other things. <ref>https://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/issues/detail?id=223</ref>
Most Genesis emulators don't allow overclocking. The [[Genesis Plus GX]] developer, for instance, says that implementing overclocking is "not easy to add without potentially break other things. <ref>https://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/issues/detail?id=223</ref>
But recently, Genesis-Plus GX libretro core now supports CPU overclocking by up to 500%. <ref>https://docs.libretro.com/library/genesis_plus_gx/#emulation-hacks</ref>


[http://aamirm.hacking-cult.org/www/regen.html Regen] allows overclocking in the dev build version.<ref>http://segaretro.org/Regen</ref> Games with sprite flicker, like Altered Beast, and games with some slowdown, like Rambo III or Mega Man: The Wily Wars, play perfectly with Regen's "Overclock M68000" setting at 732 (1.5x original speed). The game speed and audio are unaffected by overclocking.
[http://aamirm.hacking-cult.org/www/regen.html Regen] allows overclocking in the dev build version.<ref>http://segaretro.org/Regen</ref> Games with sprite flicker, like Altered Beast, and games with some slowdown, like Rambo III or Mega Man: The Wily Wars, play perfectly with Regen's "Overclock M68000" setting at 732 (1.5x original speed). The game speed and audio are unaffected by overclocking.


BlastEm and HazeMD also allow for overclocking but neither are really recommended for normal usage.
BlastEm and HazeMD also allow for overclocking but neither are really recommended for normal usage.
==Sega Dreamcast==
Its SH-4 CPU can be overclocked from [https://www.retrorgb.com/easier-dreamcast-overclock-mod.html 200] to either 220 MHz (which is safer) or [https://www.racketboy.com/retro/overclock-your-dreamcast 240 MHz] (which isn't recommended). Some games which may struggle the original console in heavier scenes (like Soldier of Fortune) or don't run at full speed (like Sega Rally which runs at 55 vblanks/sec instead of 60) will work smoother. [[Flycast]] supports overclocking, and Sega Rally runs at full 60 vblanks/sec in [[Redream]].


==3DO==
==3DO==
Standalone Windows version of [[4DO]] allows up to 400% of the original 3DO clock speed, making some low frame rate titles such as Doctor Hauzer more playable. The libretro version of 4DO does not seem to contain overclocking features.
[[Phoenix (emulator)|Phoenix]] and standalone Windows version of [[4DO]] allows up to 4.0/400% of the original 3DO clock speed, making some low frame rate titles such as [[wikipedia:Doctor_Hauzer|Doctor Hauzer]] and [[wikipedia:Killing_Time_(video_game)|Killing Time]] more playable. Also possible to overclock CPU in [[Opera]]<ref>https://docs.libretro.com/library/opera/#core-options</ref> - a [[libretro]] fork of 4DO (in options in core's quick menu after game launch, up to 4.0/50.00Mhz).
 
The possibility of this function to break games (like incorrect physic and unplayable speed) is unknown.
 
==Nintendo DS==
 
In DSi and 3DS systems, it is possible to run classic DS games at higher clocks by the use of [[nds-bootstrap]]. This hypervisor has the option of running classic DS games in DSi mode, effectively overclocking the CPU from 67MHz to 133MHz. This change can remove slowdowns and improve framerate in some games, but can add instability in several others.
 
==Xbox==
On real hardware some people change Xbox CPU with Tualatin Pentium III and upgrade RAM to 128MB (just like [[Development Kits]]) for {{YouTubeVideoTime|c66hfqw4SKc|456|low frame rate games like Half-Life 2}}.
 
For emulators, it's possible to use 128MB RAM and also overclock emulated CPU thanks to this [https://github.com/xemu-project/xemu/pull/1467 pull request] for xemu.
 
==See also==
* [[Modding consoles/flashcarts]]


==References==
==References==
Retrieved from "https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Overclocking"