Nintendo Switch emulators

Nintendo Switch

The Switch in its two forms, handheld (above) and docked (below).
Developer	Nintendo
Type	Hybrid video game console
Generation	Eighth generation
Release date	March 2017
Predecessor	Wii U (new) 3DS
Emulated	✓

For emulators that run on the Nintendo Switch, see Emulators on Switch.

The Nintendo Switch is an eighth-generation hybrid gaming console released by Nintendo on March 3, 2017, and retailed for $299.99. During its development, the Switch was known as the NX (short for NeXt or Nintendo "Cross") and was widely speculated upon until its announcement. Aside from specialized components unique to the console, the hardware is more or less off-the-shelf, being built around a semi-custom variant of NVIDIA's Tegra X1 system-on-a-chip, which was also used on a number of Android devices. The Switch contains 4 ARM Cortex-A57 CPUs and 4 ARM Cortex-A53 CPUs running at 1.020 GHz with 4 GBs of RAM and a proprietary NVIDIA GPU codenamed GM20B.

While Nintendo intended to step up the console's security, vulnerabilities were still found early on that allowed tons of system files to be dumped, including dumps of games in the form of romfs.istorage archives, an exefs folder, and license files. These game dumps eventually got shared online by scene groups except for their licenses but were missing essential files to run. Even if they had been completed, there were no custom homebrew apps, let alone solutions to load unofficial game dumps for the system. A number of prominent hacking teams (starting with shuffle2 and fail0verflow in collaboration) all came across a new exploit independently of each other that allowed complete control over the system, later officially recognized by NVIDIA as CVE-2018-6242.

A "debugging emulator" for the Nintendo Switch, CageTheUnicorn (now Mephisto), popped up not long after the first components were dumped. It was designed to emulate sysmodules with "no support for graphics, sound, input, or any kind of even remotely performant processing [...] by design". A couple of months later, members of both the Citra and Dolphin teams announced the release of their own emulator written in C++, which was capable of booting some homebrew applications; within a couple of weeks, yet another emulator named Ryujinx, written in C# by developer gdkchan, was released showing successful booting of commercial Switch games Puyo Puyo Tetris and Sonic Mania.

On May 7, 2024, Shuntaro Furukawa, president of Nintendo, officially announced that the company would reveal information about the Nintendo Switch successor within their current fiscal year.[3]

Emulators

Name	Platform(s)	Latest Version	Hardware features and peripherals	Enhancements	Compatibility	FLOSS	Active	Recommended
x86
Ryujinx		Nightly LDN builds	~	~	83% 3572 out of 4331 reported titles	✓	✓	✓
Sudachi		1.0.2	✓	~	?	✓	✓	~
Torzu		2024-05-31	?	?	?	✓	✓	~
suyu		0.0.3	✓	~	?	✓	~	~
yuzu		Pineapple EA builds (Offline)‡ Former website (Offline) ‡ Former website (Last Archived Version)	✓	~	54% 1457 out of 2699 reported titles	✓	✗	✗
NSEmu		git	✗	✗	?	✓	✗	✗
Mephisto		git	✗	✗	?	✓	✗	✗
CageTheUnicorn		git	✗	✗	?	✓	✗	✗
ARM
Ryujinx		Nightly	~	~	83% 3572 out of 4331 reported titles	✓	✓	✓
Sudachi		0.0.1.7.6 (ipa) git (apk)	✓	~	?	✓	✓	~
suyu		0.0.3	✓	~	?	✓	~	~
yuzu		EA ($) Mainline (Google Play) Mainline (GitHub)	✓	~	?*	✓	✗	✗
Egg NS		4.0.5	✗	✗	78% 172 out of 220 reported titles	✗ (stolen yuzu code)	✓	✗
DamonSwitch		1.0Preview	✗	✗	N/A	✗ (stolen yuzu)	✗	✗

Compatibility layers (...)

Name	Platform(s)	Latest Version	Hardware features and peripherals	Enhancements	Compatibility	FLOSS	Active	Recommended
ARM
Strato		git	?	?	4% 58 out of 1426 reported titles	✓	✓	~
Skyline		Edge 69	?	?	?	✓	✗*	✗

Emulation focused Linux distros (...)

Name	Platform(s)	Latest Version	Hardware features and peripherals	Enhancements	Compatibility	FLOSS	Active	Recommended
ARM
Horizon Linux		git	✗	✗	?	✓	✗	✗

Comparisons

Emulators

Ryujinx

An open-source hybrid approach emulator that's programmed in C#. Unlike yuzu, Ryujinx does not offer packaged early-access builds. However, work-in-progress features can still be tested by building locally from unmerged pull requests. Separately, Ryujinx has a closed source LDN-enabled build and there is a feature tracker for this LDN build for upstreaming. As of August 2022, Vulkan API support is available. While Ryujinx is notable for its focus on compatibility and accuracy, users often experience more shader stuttering compared to yuzu. Ryujinx also has support for ARM64 Linux and macOS[4][5] and it uses an alternative approach to yuzu's NCE for improving performance when emulating on ARM systems[6].

yuzu

An open-source HLE approach emulator made by many of Citra's developers. As it was a hard fork of Citra, it shared many of its traits, namely cross-platform support and the use of OpenGL and Vulkan. Yuzu offered early access pre-compiled builds to its $5/month Patreon supporters, allowing them to try out new features before they're available in the main build. Because of this, many people assumed the emulator was strictly closed and paywalled, however, the source code for many of these new features was always publicly available and could even be compiled by anyone. Because of this, some users went as far as to publicly share their own unofficial "early access" builds. One of yuzu's notable features was its decreased shader stuttering compared to Ryujinx, making it ideal for weaker PCs. Yuzu also had both a free and paid version on Android which later saw greater improvements thanks to their implementation of Native Code Execution (NCE) and other fixes. Their Device Mapping & SMMU implementation also further helped reduce yuzu's memory footprint and allow possible future optimizations. There were even more optimizations exclusive to the Linux-x86 and Android platforms thanks to "MADV_REMOVE", but despite all the optimizations and improvements, only high-end devices are recommended for Android platform. In yuzu's last progress report for January 2024, they highlighted ongoing work on "multiprocess" and "services", which is crucial progress towards emulating applets and system functions like some of the hardware features. Further development would have been required before it could be considered fully implemented.

On March 4th 2024, a lawsuit was filed by Nintendo against Tropic Haze LLC (aka yuzu) which unfortunately led to their decision to cease all development and official distribution of yuzu and Citra. Fortunately, it is easy to find an archive of the latest version, and its work is likely to be continued by other developers. According to suyu developers: The Switch SDK has been used illegally within the previous Yuzu developer team, which effectively makes the whole code radioactive[7].

Sudachi

An experimental port of yuzu to iOS/iPadOS by Jarrod Norwell; a newer graphical user interface and versions for Linux and macOS are in the plans. Rebased on latest EA-4176 and it has a separate repository for Windows and Android builds. Requires a paid Apple Developer Account or TrollStore in order to use the com.apple.developer.kernel.increased-memory-limit entitlement. Their discord server is shut down (see "2024 - Yuzu (Switch) vs. Nintendo" section of the Legal Status of Emulation page)

suyu

A fork of yuzu continues from where that project left off (based on latest EA-4176) on GitLab instead of Github suggested by the community due to potential takedown attempt. However, GitLab still took down the suyu repository due to the use of raw yuzu code. As a result, the Suyu team is now using their own repository. This decision, along with various precautions[8], suggests a desire to avoid legal claims similar to those faced by yuzu. Currently, the team is recruiting programmers to start studying the code. Thus, there's an adaptation period needed to see some serious advancements. In response to concerns about the project's financial motivations, the suyu team has emphasized a strict policy against accepting donations. They assure users that there is no intention to profit from the emulator. There have been inexperienced coding criticisms from some in the community directed at the current developers' work.

Messages from Suyu developers about leaving the project: kksowo's message on Paste.bin, The Death of Suyu by u/AMA2581 on r/suyu. The founder, however, states they will still maintain the project as best they can. Their discord server is shut down (see "2024 - Yuzu (Switch) vs. Nintendo" section of the Legal Status of Emulation page), the project could be considered dead.

Torzu

Another fork of yuzu. Is just the yuzu, forked in darknet.

Egg NS

Similar to DamonPS2, it's a closed-source, payware/malware emulator only for Android. It is NOT recommended to use this emulator because there is significant controversy surrounding this emulator for the following reasons: touch controls require an expensive monthly membership to use, it expects to run on a high-end/flagship device within the ballpark of a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8xx and 8 Gen 1, and it was discovered to have violated GPLv2 licensing requirements by illegally stealing code from yuzu and Skyline. Happy Chick is also a code-stolen emulator by this company. Its icon is edited from Happy Chick with Adobe Photoshop. Its real headquarters location is in mainland China.

DamonSwitch

Developed by DamonPS2 team. Closed-source, payware/malware emulator for Android only, known to steal code from other emulators. Even worse compatibility than Egg NS, it can barely run anything. It is NOT recommended to use this emulator. Damon company edited the yuzu icon with Adobe Photoshop for its own use. Its real headquarters location is in mainland China.

SphiNX

SphiNX is a inactive closed-source Switch emulator, The emulator was a work in progress project but as of now, there's no public releases.

Compatibility layers

Skyline

Skyline (formerly MonoNX and Lightswitch) is a free compatibility layer for the Nintendo Switch that runs on Android and is written in C++ and Kotlin. Unfortunately, development of Skyline ceased in May 2023.

Strato

A fork of Skyline that continues from where that project left off. It's an open-source compatibility layer for ARMv8 Android devices. For the sake of convenience, the team bills the app as an emulator, but it functionally works like Wine, running almost all the entire original code on bare metal except for what interfaces with the rest of the system. Some titles can go ingame with poor framerate and minor glitches, but the Skyline team has done great work making 3D games, such as The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, have graphical output, boosting FPS in many titles, and fixing bugs in games. In March 2024, lead developer "Lynx" announced departure from the project and decided to step away from console emulation development[9]. The project was then handed over to the other developers.

Emulation focused Linux distros

Horizon Linux

Horizon Linux is an open-source ARM64 Linux modified to run Nintendo Switch applications with hypervised CPU & IO, but still mostly relying on yuzu code in its Mizu shim to emulate functions such as the GPU. Puyo Puyo Tetris is semi-playable with audio output, and the emulator can also run several homebrew applications.

Hardware features and peripherals

Name		Ryujinx	Sudachi	yuzu	Strato
Switch HOME Menu		✗[10]	✓[11][12]	~[13]	✗
Mii Editor		✓	✓	✓*	✗
NSO emulators		✓	✓	✓	?
Amiibo		✓*	✓	✓	✗
Nintendo Labo		~[14][15][16]	?	?	?
Connectivity	Nintendo Switch Online	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Local Wireless Play / LDN	~	~	~	✗
	LAN Play	✓	✓	✓	✗
Controllers	Native Dual Joy-Con Support	~*	✓	✓*	?
	Ring-Con	✗*	✓	✓*	?
	Poké Ball Plus	✗	?	✗	?
	USB Keyboard & Mouse	~*	✓	✓*	?
Inputs	IR Motion Camera	✗*	✓	✓*	✗
	HD Rumble	✗*	~	~*	?
	Motion Controls (Gyro)	✓*	✓	✓*	?
	Touchscreen	✓*	✓	✓*	?

Connectivity

Local Wireless Play/LDN

Only works with other users of Ryujinx's LDN builds or yuzu users, NOT with native Switch players. However, Ryujinx also allows for connecting to CFW Switch devices that are using the ldn_mitm submodule. Also, there is a feature tracker for Ryujinx LDN upstreaming.

• Ryujinx: LDN compatibility list
• yuzu: LDN compatibility list

LAN Play

Not to be confused with Local Wireless Play. This one is similar to XBOX systems System Link feature or PlayStation systems LAN tunneling feature. Please see XLink Kai's setup guides for Ryujinx and yuzu

• Ryujinx: LAN Play compatibility list
• yuzu: LAN Play compatibility list

Nintendo Switch Online

Main article: Nintendo Switch Online

For more information about other revive projects see Preservation projects page. You can play some of the multiplayer titles using revivial private servers.

NSO emulators

• Official emulators
• Nintendo Switch Online#List of emulators
• Wikipedia:List_of_Nintendo_Switch_Online_games

For the Nintendo Switch family of systems, Nintendo distributes retro games to subscribers of their Nintendo Switch Online service. Subscribers have access to games for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), Game Boy (GB) and Game Boy Color (GBC). At the more expensive subscription tier, titled "Expansion Pack", players can also access Nintendo 64, Sega Genesis, and Game Boy Advance (GBA) games.

• Ryujinx compatibility for NSO emulators: NSO N64, NSO NES, NSO SNES, NSO Genesis, NSO GameBoy, NSO GameBoy Advance. This PR change allows the JIT service, required by the NSO N64 emulator and Super Mario 3D All Stars (for Super Mario 64) to run.
• yuzu compatibility for NSO emulators: NSO N64, NSO NES, NSO SNES, NSO Genesis. It's important to note that, as mentioned in the #Emulators section, the compatibility list referenced here not up-to-date.[17]

Enhancements

Name		Ryujinx	Sudachi	yuzu	Strato
Graphics	Resizable Internal Resolution	✓*	✓	✓	✗
	Ultrawide hack Widescreen already supported on Nintendo Switch system. But there is no support by system for render games in other ratios such as ultrawide 21:9 or super ultrawide 32:9.	✓	✓	✓	?
	Texture Replacement	~	~	~*	✗
	Ray-tracing (DXR, VRT and MRT)	Implementing ray-tracing in an emulator is unfortunately quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future. However you can try "Screen-Space Ray Traced Global Illumination" shader using ReShade. (Demonstration)
	Pre-rendering AA (MSAA, SSAA)	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Super-resolution techniques (DLSS, XeSS and FSR 2+)	Requires access to the depth buffer and temporal data like motion-vectors so it's quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future. Enhancement request for yuzu.
	RTX Remix	Implementing RTX Remix technology in an emulator is unfortunately quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future. Besides, yuzu and Ryujinx already supports some of RTX Remix features. On top of that you can use ReShade for post-processing.
Performance	Internal Framerate Hack	✓	✓	✓	?
	Frame generation technologies (LSFG, DLSS-G, ExtraSS and AFMF)	Implementing frame generation technology in an emulator is unfortunately quite challenging and unlikely to be feasible in the near future, however post-processing techniques such as motion interpolation is quite possible. Input latency will be a crucial factor, but its impact likely varies depending on the specific technique employed, it's recommended to use after applying the "Internal Framerate Hack". While AFMF or LSFG can be used with yuzu or Ryujinx, please be aware that some visual glitches and artifacts may occur at this time.
	Overclock	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Preload ROM image to RAM For users with sluggish multi-platter HDDs or plagued by horrible seek times, this enhancement might offer smoother experience, potentially reduced power consumption; it also shines when images reside on a network drive. Although keep in mind that preloading image would take some time, and it will require additional amount of RAM capacity.	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Rendering latency reduction technologies (LatencyFleX, Reflex and Anti-Lag+)	While most emulators offer frame pacing or framebuffer latency control options, implementing rendering latency reduction technologies like NVIDIA's Reflex SDK isn't currently feasible. This is due to a combination of factors, including potential licensing issues[18] and likely doesn't offer enough benefit to justify the development effort.
Post-Processing	Post-rendering AA (FXAA, TXAA and MLAA/SMAA)	✓	✓	✓	?
	Post-rendering scaling (Sharp bilinear, Lanczos and FSR 1)	✓	✓	✓	?
	Filters	✗	✗	✗	✗
	AI-powered filter compatible (Freestyle)	?	✓	✓*	?
	Shader Chain	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Inverse tone mapping compatible	?	✓	✓*	?
TAS features	Macros/Scripts/Lua	✗	✓	✓*	✗
	Rewind	✗	✗	✗	✗
	Fast-Forward/Turbo Speed	~*	✗	✗	✗
	Savestates	✗	✗	✗*	✗
	Movie recording/playback	✗	✗	✗	✗
Quality of life	Built-in Graphics mod editor/manager	✓*	~	~	✗
	Built-in Cheat Manager	✓	~	~	✗
	Built-in Custom resolution/CRTSwitchRes For using this on Windows OS you need CRT Emudriver. Another option is using EDID editor tool such as "Custom Resolution Utility".	N/A Eighth gen home consoles and beyond only have digital video output anyway.
	Streamable compression format	~	✗	✗	✗
	Per-Game Profiles	✓*	✓	✓*	?
	Command Line Options	✓*	✓*	✓*	?
	On-Screen Display Showcases messages, controller input state which is useful for speedrunners, performance data, active settings, and various notifications.	✗	✗	✗*	?
	Variable Refresh Rate compatible	✓	✓	✓	?
	Big Picture Mode	✗*	✗	✗	?
Controls	Mouse Injector Compatible	~*	✗	✗	✗
	Input lag-mitigating technique	✗	✗	✗	✗
Misc	RetroAchievements	✗	✗	✗	✗
	EmuVR support	Exclusive to libretro cores. So there is no support at the moment.
	AI Service With the help of OCR and other techniques, the AI service can provide a live translation of a game, or text-to-speech capabilities for the visually impaired among other things, either on demand or automatically.	Exclusive to libretro cores at the moment. So there is no support.
	Free Look Free Look is a enhancement feature that allows manipulation of the in-game camera.	~	~	~	?
	Debug Features	✗*	✗	✗	✗

References

Notes

Emulation issues

For more information about Nintendo Switch hardware and reverse engineering;

• MVG: How the Nintendo Switch Security was defeated
• Ryujinx: Blog, Discord
• Yuzu: Blog, Discord
• SwitchBrew
• dekuNukem - Nintendo Switch reverse engineering attempts
• ReSwitched - Awesome Switch: resources