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− | Overclocking is the process by which the CPU | + | Overclocking is the process by which the CPU clockspeed is increased. The reason for doing this would be to reduce slowdown in games, or to increase the frame rate. However, as this is a hack and not intended by designers, it can result in many issues. Certain systems can have an overclocked CPU with few if any issues, while others can not overclock without major issues. |
==Chart== | ==Chart== | ||
− | {| class="wikitable | + | {| class="wikitable" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! scope="col"|System | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|System |
− | ! scope="col"|Normal clock | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Normal clock |
− | ! scope="col"|Hardware Overclock | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Hardware Overclock |
− | ! scope="col"|Emulation Overclock | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Emulation Overclock |
− | ! scope="col"|Overclock levels | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Overclock levels |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Nintendo Entertainment System emulators|NES]] | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Nintendo Entertainment System emulators|NES]] |
− | |1.79 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|1.79 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|? |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Main CPU) | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Main CPU) |
− | |3.58 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|3.58 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |4.1-7.6 Mhz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|4.1 -7.6 Mhz |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 1) | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 1) |
− | |10.5 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|10.5 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |40-60 Mhz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|40-60 Mhz |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 2) | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 2) |
− | |21 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|21 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |40-60 Mhz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|40-60 Mhz, |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sega Genesis emulators|Sega Genesis]] | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Sega Genesis emulators|Sega Genesis]] |
− | |7.7 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|7.7 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="kyorune">http://kyorune.com/modding/article.php?id=73</ref> |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |13.1-25.4 MHz<ref name="kyorune"/> | + | | style="text-align: center;"|13.1-25.4 MHz<ref name="kyorune"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[ | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[PlayStation]] |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|33.8 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="kraut">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HapnSOseDfw</ref> |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|66Mhz<ref name="kraut"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[ | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Sega Saturn]] |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|28.6 MHz* |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|No |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|No |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|- |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[ | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Nintendo 64]] |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|93.75 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="n64oc">http://www.gamesx.com/misctech/n64oc.htm</ref> |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|125-187.5 Mhz<ref name="n64oc"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Neo Geo]] |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|12 MHz | |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="neooc">http://www.neo-geo.com/forums/showthread.php?158016-68K-s-guide-to-overclocking-your-Neo-Geo-AES</ref> | |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|14-18 MHz<ref name="neooc"/> | |
− | |||
− | |[[ | ||
− | |12 MHz | ||
− | | | ||
− | | | ||
− | |14-18 MHz<ref name="neooc"/> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==MAME== | ==MAME== | ||
− | By default | + | By default MAME allows you to change the clockspeed of the systems it emulates (including consoles) to anything between 50% to 200% of the original clockspeed, the only requirement is that you enable cheats for that game/system. |
==NES== | ==NES== | ||
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[[Mesen]] as of 0.2.2 includes the same feature, as well as CPU overclocking. Both are found under Options > Emulation > Overclocking. | [[Mesen]] as of 0.2.2 includes the same feature, as well as CPU overclocking. Both are found under Options > Emulation > Overclocking. | ||
− | For PPU Overclocking, the number of additional scanlines is user | + | For PPU Overclocking, the number of additional scanlines is user defined. 240 Post-render Scanlines (Referred to as "Before NMI" in Mesen) should be more than enough for most games. If you happen to experience graphical glitching or crashes with a PPU overclock, try the VBlank Scanlines ("After NMI" in Mesen) option instead. Though uncommon, this is required for some games, a notable example being Contra Force. |
==SNES== | ==SNES== | ||
===Main CPU=== | ===Main CPU=== | ||
− | + | The main SNES CPU ran at 3.58 MHz and can be overclocked. However it causes issues. With those who have tested it, the following issues occur: | |
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* 4.1 MHz: Small amounts of sprite breakup occasionally; very little slowdown. | * 4.1 MHz: Small amounts of sprite breakup occasionally; very little slowdown. | ||
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* 7.6 MHz: Color palette errors; sprites fail to render. Freezes after a few minutes.<ref name="SNES overclock">http://web.archive.org/web/20070629163744/http://www.undergroundcm.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=38</ref> | * 7.6 MHz: Color palette errors; sprites fail to render. Freezes after a few minutes.<ref name="SNES overclock">http://web.archive.org/web/20070629163744/http://www.undergroundcm.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=38</ref> | ||
− | Only MAME has an option to change the main CPU frequency, which requires you to enable cheats. MAME SNES emulation is very demanding by default and activating the overclock only makes it worse. It is more stable than the real hardware while overclocked and won't exhibit the same issues, but it is still very unstable especially if you adjust the frequency multiple times. It also does not allow you to go over | + | Only MAME has an option to change the main CPU frequency, which requires you to enable cheats. MAME SNES emulation is very demanding by default, and activating the overclock only makes it worse. It is more stable than the real hardware while overclocked and won't exhibit the same issues, but it is still very unstable especially if you adjust the frequency multiple times. It also does not allow you to go over 200% clock speed, which isn't enough to fully get rid of slowdowns in some games. |
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===Super FX chip=== | ===Super FX chip=== | ||
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The SFX chip can be overclocked on real hardware or emulation with fewer issues than overclocking the CPU. However, tests have shown that overclocking can increase the speed of the game, in addition to increasing the frame rate and removing slowdown.<ref name="Dragon50hztest">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfNI3HpUt-4</ref> | The SFX chip can be overclocked on real hardware or emulation with fewer issues than overclocking the CPU. However, tests have shown that overclocking can increase the speed of the game, in addition to increasing the frame rate and removing slowdown.<ref name="Dragon50hztest">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfNI3HpUt-4</ref> | ||
− | {| class="wikitable | + | {| class="wikitable" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! scope="col"|Clock speed | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Clock speed |
− | ! scope="col"|Time | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Time |
− | ! scope="col"|Increase | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Increase |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Normal | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Normal |
− | |1'46'02 | + | | style="text-align: center;"|1'46'02 |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|------- |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|50hz |
− | |1'23'78 | + | | style="text-align: center;"|1'23'78 |
− | |27.711%<ref name="Dragon50hztest"/> | + | | style="text-align: center;"|27.711%<ref name="Dragon50hztest"/> |
+ | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | [[RetroArch|Snes9x-Next]] allows for SFX overclocking, as well as [[higan|bsnes-mercury]], though in the latter the increase in CPU requirements can be noticeable. | |
==PC-Engine (TG-16)== | ==PC-Engine (TG-16)== | ||
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==N64== | ==N64== | ||
− | Some emulators like the [[libretro]] port of [[Mupen64Plus]] have an overclocking option called "VI Refresh", and | + | Some emulators like the [[Libretro|libretro]] port of [[Mupen64Plus]] have an overclocking option called "VI Refresh", and 1964 UltraFast (a very old fork of 1964) have an option to overclock the CPU. |
Some games (see the list below) can take advantage of overclocking and improves frame rate, while most others (such as Super Mario 64) have built-in frame rate limiter and unaffected by overclocking.<ref>http://forum.pj64-emu.com/showpost.php?p=51810&postcount=6</ref><ref>http://www.emucr.com/2011/02/1964-ultrafast-v3.html</ref> | Some games (see the list below) can take advantage of overclocking and improves frame rate, while most others (such as Super Mario 64) have built-in frame rate limiter and unaffected by overclocking.<ref>http://forum.pj64-emu.com/showpost.php?p=51810&postcount=6</ref><ref>http://www.emucr.com/2011/02/1964-ultrafast-v3.html</ref> | ||
===List of games that can take advantage of overclocking=== | ===List of games that can take advantage of overclocking=== | ||
− | + | <pre> | |
− | + | A Bug's Life | |
− | + | Aidyn Chronicles - The First Mage | |
− | + | Armorines - Project S.W.A.R.M. | |
− | + | Big Mountain 2000 | |
− | + | Carmageddon | |
− | + | Conker's Bad Fur Day | |
− | + | Destruction Derby 64 | |
− | + | Disney's Donald Duck - Goin' Quackers / Donald Duck - Quack Attack | |
− | + | Duck Dodgers Starring Daffy Duck / Looney Toons - Duck Dodgers | |
− | + | Earthworm Jim 3D | |
− | + | Extreme-G | |
− | + | Extreme-G XG2 | |
− | + | F1 Racing Championship | |
− | + | F-1 Pole Position 64 | |
− | + | Gex 3 - Deep Cover Gecko | |
− | + | GoldenEye 007 | |
− | + | Hot Wheels Turbo Racing | |
− | + | Human Grand Prix - New Generation | |
− | + | Jet Force Gemini / Star Twins | |
− | + | Jeremy McGrath Supercross 2000 | |
− | + | Kobe Bryant's NBA Courtside | |
− | + | Madden Football 64 | |
− | + | Madden NFL 99-2002 | |
− | + | Mario Kart 64 (Multiplayer and some tracks only) | |
− | + | Milo's Astro Lanes | |
− | + | Monaco Grand Prix - Racing Simulation 2 | |
− | + | Monster Truck Madness 64 | |
− | + | NASCAR 99/2000 | |
− | + | NBA In the Zone 98 / NBA Pro 98 | |
− | + | Off Road Challenge | |
− | + | Perfect Dark | |
− | + | Quake II | |
− | + | Racing Simulation 2 | |
− | + | Rakuga Kids | |
− | + | Rayman 2 - The Great Escape | |
− | + | Roadsters Trophy | |
− | + | San Francisco Rush - Extreme Racing (Multiplayer only) | |
− | + | San Francisco Rush 2049 (Multiplayer only) | |
− | + | South Park Rally | |
− | + | StarCraft 64 | |
− | + | Starshot - Space Circus Fever | |
− | + | Super Robot Spirits | |
− | + | Taz Express | |
− | + | Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six | |
− | + | Tonic Trouble | |
− | + | Toy Story 2 | |
− | + | Transformers - Beast Wars Transmetal | |
− | + | Turok 2 - Seeds of Evil / Violence Killer - Turok New Generation | |
− | + | V-Rally Edition 99 | |
− | + | WCW vs. nWo - World Tour | |
− | + | World Cup 98 | |
+ | </pre> | ||
==GameCube/Wii== | ==GameCube/Wii== | ||
[[Dolphin]] supports overclocking and underclocking the CPU. Overclocking can remove slowdown from games that have them, pushing them closer to their actual target frame rate. It causes several issues with many games, so don't expect it to be a perfect solution. | [[Dolphin]] supports overclocking and underclocking the CPU. Overclocking can remove slowdown from games that have them, pushing them closer to their actual target frame rate. It causes several issues with many games, so don't expect it to be a perfect solution. | ||
− | Dolphin used to have a VBeam Speed Hack that doubled GPU clock rate. This has since been removed, as the developers found that it didn't really help in | + | Dolphin used to have a VBeam Speed Hack that doubled GPU clock rate. This has since been removed, as the developers found that it didn't really help in any cases. |
==PlayStation== | ==PlayStation== | ||
On real hardware, overclocking is possible using [http://djky2k3.tripod.com/psx_oc.html this modification]. | On real hardware, overclocking is possible using [http://djky2k3.tripod.com/psx_oc.html this modification]. | ||
− | On emulators, | + | On emulators, [https://github.com/SonofUgly/PCSX-Reloaded/releases this modified build] of [[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-R]] as well as [http://ngemu.com/threads/pcsxr-pgxp.186369/ this fork] allow for overclocking, though most games will break past 1.5x clock speed. Recent builds of Beetle PSX (libretro fork of Mednafen's PS1 core) also support overclocking, by way of removing timing penalties instead of increasing clock speed. |
==PS2== | ==PS2== | ||
− | On original model PS2s | + | On original model PS2s you can overclock by a small amount without too much problem, but the biggest issue will be sped-up audio. Slim model PS2s use the GPU's clock rate as a base for the CPU (multiplying the GPU's clock by 2), so overclocking the CPU will also overclock the GPU resulting in many visual problems.<ref name="PS2OC">http://nfggames.com/forum2/index.php?topic=2220.0</ref> |
All recent builds of [[PCSX2]] have a speed hack that allows you to increase the EE cycle-rate without having any effect on the audio, although it does still break a few games most of them run fine and with less slowdown. The emulator also has a speed hack called VU Cycle Stealing, which allows for increased GPU performance at the cost of CPU cycles. It gives an incorrect FPS readout, though. | All recent builds of [[PCSX2]] have a speed hack that allows you to increase the EE cycle-rate without having any effect on the audio, although it does still break a few games most of them run fine and with less slowdown. The emulator also has a speed hack called VU Cycle Stealing, which allows for increased GPU performance at the cost of CPU cycles. It gives an incorrect FPS readout, though. | ||
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==Neo Geo== | ==Neo Geo== | ||
− | [[ | + | [[Final Burn Alpha]] allows for overclocking of Neo Geo games. MAMEUIFX (aka MAME32FX) also allows for overclocking.<ref>http://mame32fx.altervista.org/home.htm</ref> All Neo Geo should run at full speed when overclocked. |
==Sega Genesis== | ==Sega Genesis== | ||
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Most Genesis emulators don't allow overclocking. The [[Genesis Plus GX]] developer, for instance, says that implementing overclocking is "not easy to add without potentially break other things. <ref>https://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/issues/detail?id=223</ref> | Most Genesis emulators don't allow overclocking. The [[Genesis Plus GX]] developer, for instance, says that implementing overclocking is "not easy to add without potentially break other things. <ref>https://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/issues/detail?id=223</ref> | ||
− | [http://aamirm.hacking-cult.org/www/regen.html Regen] allows overclocking in the dev build version.<ref>http://segaretro.org/Regen</ref> Games with sprite flicker, like Altered Beast, and games with | + | [http://aamirm.hacking-cult.org/www/regen.html Regen] allows overclocking in the dev build version.<ref>http://segaretro.org/Regen</ref> Games with sprite flicker, like Altered Beast, and games with slowdown, like Rambo III or Mega Man: The Wily Wars, play perfectly with Regen's "Overclock M68000" setting at 732 (1.5x original speed). The game speed and audio are unaffected by overclocking. |
− | + | Blastem and HazeMD also allow for overclocking but neither are really recommended for normal usage. | |
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==3DO== | ==3DO== | ||
− | + | Standalone Windows version of 4DO allows up to 400% of the original 3DO clock speed, making some low frame rate titles such as Doctor Hauzer more playable. The libretro version of 4DO does not seem to contain overclocking features. | |
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==References== | ==References== |