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:''This page is about software that emulates Classic Mac OS systems on other non-native hardware.'' | :''This page is about software that emulates Classic Mac OS systems on other non-native hardware.'' | ||
− | {{for|emulators that support current macOS (formerly Mac OS X and OS X)|macOS}}{{for|emulators that run on macOS (previously Mac OS X)|Emulators on macOS}} | + | {{for|emulators that support current macOS (formerly Mac OS X and OS X)|macOS}}{{for|emulators that run on macOS (previously Mac OS X)|Emulators on macOS}}{{for|emulators that run on Classic Mac OS|Emulators on Classic Mac OS}} |
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The '''[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]''' is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984. The original Macintosh was the first mass-market personal computer that featured a graphical user interface, built-in screen, and mouse, eschewing the command-line interface and/or BASIC interpreter that had been the mainstay for home computers since the late '70s. Apple offered the Macintosh alongside its popular [[Apple II Line|Apple II]] family of computers for almost ten years before those were discontinued in 1993. | The '''[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]''' is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984. The original Macintosh was the first mass-market personal computer that featured a graphical user interface, built-in screen, and mouse, eschewing the command-line interface and/or BASIC interpreter that had been the mainstay for home computers since the late '70s. Apple offered the Macintosh alongside its popular [[Apple II Line|Apple II]] family of computers for almost ten years before those were discontinued in 1993. | ||
Throughout its history the Macintosh has spanned four CPU instruction set architectures that represent the four commonly known generations. From its launch in 1984 up until 1996, Apple sold Macintoshes with the Motorola 68k family of CPUs. In the early 90s, Apple partnered with Motorola and IBM to combine IBM's POWER with Motorola's 88k to produce the PowerPC (PPC) architecture they used in Macs from 1994-2007, naming some of them accordingly as Power Macintosh. They switched to x86 in 2007, justifying it with the explanation that PPC failed to be competitive with Intel's Pentium M series. And in 2020 have started a transition from x86 to ARM, further integrating with its more popular iOS mobile spinoff. | Throughout its history the Macintosh has spanned four CPU instruction set architectures that represent the four commonly known generations. From its launch in 1984 up until 1996, Apple sold Macintoshes with the Motorola 68k family of CPUs. In the early 90s, Apple partnered with Motorola and IBM to combine IBM's POWER with Motorola's 88k to produce the PowerPC (PPC) architecture they used in Macs from 1994-2007, naming some of them accordingly as Power Macintosh. They switched to x86 in 2007, justifying it with the explanation that PPC failed to be competitive with Intel's Pentium M series. And in 2020 have started a transition from x86 to ARM, further integrating with its more popular iOS mobile spinoff. | ||
− | Macintosh computers have always included a platform-exclusive operating system that never had a consistent name.<ref group= | + | Macintosh computers have always included a platform-exclusive operating system that never had a consistent name.<ref group=N2> It used to be called System or System Software until version 7.6, when it was renamed Mac OS in 1997. Version 10 was named Mac OS X (Ten, not Ex) in 2000, and when version 10.8 was released in 2012, it was shortened to OS X. When version 10.12 was released in 2016 it was rebranded as macOS to match the style of their other OSes at the time: iOS, iPadOS, tvOS and watchOS. They kept using the 10.x versioning until the release of macOS 11 Big Sur in 2020, and continue to increment every year.</ref> An important divide relevant for Mac emulation is "Old World" vs. "New World" motherboard ROMs, with Old World used for System 1-7 on 68k/PPC targets, and New World generally used for Mac OS 8-10 PPC targets, since New World ROMs were stored with the OS, they are available legally from Apple for free online in OS updates. A quick way to distinguish an Old World from a New World Mac is that all New World Macs have onboard USB ports, while no Old World Macs do. Mac OS 8.5 dropped support for 68k CPUs. Mac OS X, which has UNIX underpinnings different from its predecessor, was introduced in 1999 requiring a PowerPC G3 at minimum,<ref group=N2>With the exception of one orphaned early G3 laptop. Though that didn't stop some users from programming OS X bootloaders for most PCI-based Macs, especially those with G3/G4 upgrades.</ref> and ported to x86 in 2006. With version 11 in 2020, macOS is now being ported to ARM (like its mobile cousin [[iOS emulators|iOS]]). |
A ton of Macintosh emulators have appeared over the years, some early in the system's release (mostly for competing m68k microcomputers) and others as late as a few years ago. As a PC platform in its own right with its own userbase and varying degrees of unique software and hardware features, most major emulators of other platforms maintain a macOS port, or are ported to macOS by external collaborators, in addition to a number of emulators originating on the Mac over the years. It should be noted that we do not aim to be the last word on Mac emulation; there's a community called E-Maculation that covers this more thoroughly, as they offer builds for many of the emulators shown here on their forums. We'll either be further ahead or severely behind. | A ton of Macintosh emulators have appeared over the years, some early in the system's release (mostly for competing m68k microcomputers) and others as late as a few years ago. As a PC platform in its own right with its own userbase and varying degrees of unique software and hardware features, most major emulators of other platforms maintain a macOS port, or are ported to macOS by external collaborators, in addition to a number of emulators originating on the Mac over the years. It should be noted that we do not aim to be the last word on Mac emulation; there's a community called E-Maculation that covers this more thoroughly, as they offer builds for many of the emulators shown here on their forums. We'll either be further ahead or severely behind. | ||
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==Emulators== | ==Emulators== | ||
===68k=== | ===68k=== | ||
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!colspan="6"|PC / x86 | !colspan="6"|PC / x86 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Basilisk II |
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
− | |[https://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5282 | + | |[https://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5282 03-12-2022]<br/>[https://github.com/kanjitalk755/macemu/ 1.0 R5] |
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}} | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|[[MAME]] | |[[MAME]] | ||
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
− | |<abbr title="Latest development version">git artifacts</abbr><ref group= | + | |<abbr title="Latest development version">git artifacts</abbr><ref group=N>[https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-windows/master CI-Windows] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-linux/master CI-Linux] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-macos/master CI-Macos]</ref></br>[http://www.mamedev.org/release.html {{MAMEVer}}]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core] |
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/apple/mac128.cpp#L1518 *] | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/apple/mac128.cpp#L1518 *] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}} | ||
|[https://github.com/TomHarte/CLK/releases {{clkVer}}] | |[https://github.com/TomHarte/CLK/releases {{clkVer}}] | ||
− | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{ | + | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}} |
|- | |- | ||
|<abbr title="PC Emulator">PCE</abbr> | |<abbr title="PC Emulator">PCE</abbr> | ||
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
|[http://www.hampa.ch/pce/download.html 0.2.2] | |[http://www.hampa.ch/pce/download.html 0.2.2] | ||
− | |{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{ | + | |{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{TBD}} |
|- | |- | ||
|[[Ardi Executor]] | |[[Ardi Executor]] | ||
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|[http://www.vmac.org/ 0.19] | |[http://www.vmac.org/ 0.19] | ||
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} | |{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="6"|Mobile / ARM | !colspan="6"|Mobile / ARM | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | <references group= | + | <references group=N/> |
;Basilisk II | ;Basilisk II | ||
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;[[MAME]] | ;[[MAME]] | ||
− | :To say it's a multi-system emulator would be an understatement. It covers a wide range of electronic history, with its namesake being arcade machines. Just typing in "Macintosh" will list basically everything Mac-related like the original Macintosh 128K (labelled as Working) and the Macintosh II (which is OK). [https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/0f028a8bd2afcb32ccdab0291eb3a798a98a1afc/src/mame/machine/mac.cpp#L14 See the full list here.] | + | :To say it's a multi-system emulator would be an understatement. It covers a wide range of electronic history, with its namesake being arcade machines. Just typing in "Macintosh" will list basically everything Mac-related like the original Macintosh 128K (labelled as Working) and the Macintosh II (which is OK). [https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/0f028a8bd2afcb32ccdab0291eb3a798a98a1afc/src/mame/machine/mac.cpp#L14 See the full list here.] |
;Clock Signal | ;Clock Signal | ||
− | :A multi-system emulator with full-hardware [[Emulation Accuracy#Cycle accuracy|cycle-accurate]] emulation of the Macintosh Plus | + | :A multi-system emulator with full-hardware [[Emulation Accuracy#Cycle accuracy|cycle-accurate]] emulation of the Macintosh Plus. |
;PCE <small>(PC Emulator)</small> | ;PCE <small>(PC Emulator)</small> | ||
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;[[Ardi Executor]] | ;[[Ardi Executor]] | ||
− | :A formerly payware compatibility layer targeting System 1 to 6. Requires no ROM images or other copyrighted Apple code, as it instead translates Macintosh API calls into equivalent Win32 or POSIX API calls similarly to [[Wine]]. Compatibility is limited however, and as such some games and applications which depend on Mac System Extensions may not work properly | + | :A formerly payware compatibility layer targeting System 1 to 6. Requires no ROM images or other copyrighted Apple code, as it instead translates Macintosh API calls into equivalent Win32 or POSIX API calls similarly to [[Wine]]. Compatibility is limited however, and as such some games and applications which depend on Mac System Extensions may not work properly. |
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===PowerPC=== | ===PowerPC=== | ||
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!colspan="6"|PC / x86 | !colspan="6"|PC / x86 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |SheepShaver |
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
− | |[https://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5325 | + | |[https://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5325 03-12-2022]<br/>[https://github.com/kanjitalk755/macemu/ 2.4] |
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}} | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}} (PPC) | |align=left|{{Icon|macOS}} (PPC) | ||
|Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger" | |Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger" | ||
+ | |{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rosetta | ||
+ | |align=left|{{Icon|macOS}} | ||
+ | |Mac OS X 10.6 "Snow Leopard" (Intel) | ||
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}} | |{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
|{{QEMUVer}} | |{{QEMUVer}} | ||
− | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{ | + | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}} |
|- | |- | ||
|[[MAME]] | |[[MAME]] | ||
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
− | |<abbr title="Latest development version">git artifacts</abbr><ref group= | + | |<abbr title="Latest development version">git artifacts</abbr><ref group=N>[https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-windows/master CI-Windows] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-linux/master CI-Linux] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-macos/master CI-Macos]</ref></br>[http://www.mamedev.org/release.html {{MAMEVer}}]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core] |
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/apple/macpdm.cpp#L1195 *] | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/apple/macpdm.cpp#L1195 *] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |PearPC | ||
+ | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
+ | |[https://github.com/sebastianbiallas/pearpc 0.6.0] | ||
+ | |{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[DingusPPC]] | |[[DingusPPC]] | ||
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}} | ||
|[https://github.com/dingusdev/dingusppc git] | |[https://github.com/dingusdev/dingusppc git] | ||
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|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}} | |{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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;SheepShaver | ;SheepShaver | ||
:An open-source "run-time environment" that includes a PowerPC emulator for non-PowerPC host systems. Originally commercial software named ShapeShifter, it is the companion app of the 68k Mac emulator Basilisk II. It boots System 7.5.2 through (due to a lack of MMU emulation) OS 9.0.4, runs most Mac applications at full speed on any modern PC, and can interface with and copy files to and from host hardware. It hasn't seen significant development in a while, not to mention that it is riddled with hacks and workarounds, which accounts for why some applications such as the default bundled Internet Explorer flat-out crash. Like Basilisk and vMac, it needs a firmware image from a working Mac. | :An open-source "run-time environment" that includes a PowerPC emulator for non-PowerPC host systems. Originally commercial software named ShapeShifter, it is the companion app of the 68k Mac emulator Basilisk II. It boots System 7.5.2 through (due to a lack of MMU emulation) OS 9.0.4, runs most Mac applications at full speed on any modern PC, and can interface with and copy files to and from host hardware. It hasn't seen significant development in a while, not to mention that it is riddled with hacks and workarounds, which accounts for why some applications such as the default bundled Internet Explorer flat-out crash. Like Basilisk and vMac, it needs a firmware image from a working Mac. | ||
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;[[QEMU]] | ;[[QEMU]] | ||
:Best known for its use as an x86 hypervisor, QEMU also emulates a wide range of CPU architectures. In 2015, a Google Summer of Code event brought PowerPC Macintosh support from a curiosity to a possibility and it now supports [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1T0kkk8WpQ-eWBIdxBnXWCfeyClVVLJyXvvF2NED2U6Q/view a specific range of versions] as of 2017. Like PearPC, QEMU is run from a shell. | :Best known for its use as an x86 hypervisor, QEMU also emulates a wide range of CPU architectures. In 2015, a Google Summer of Code event brought PowerPC Macintosh support from a curiosity to a possibility and it now supports [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1T0kkk8WpQ-eWBIdxBnXWCfeyClVVLJyXvvF2NED2U6Q/view a specific range of versions] as of 2017. Like PearPC, QEMU is run from a shell. | ||
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+ | ;Rosetta | ||
+ | :Apple's official PowerPC emulator for x86-based Macs included in Tiger (10.4.4). Though it wasn't included in by defualt on Snow Leopard users can optionally reinstall it from the Snow Leopard DVD or chose to install it with the OS when preforming a fresh install. It was removed entirely in OS X Lion. Rosetta uses QuickTransit technology licensed from Transitive Corporation, and works transparently from the end-user, leading Apple to market it as "the most amazing software you'll never see." as it, unlike most emulators, does not have a user interface. Rosetta works best on software that isn't system-intensive, such as office applications; games and other software applications which rely on kexts, libraries or certain instructions may not work properly if at all. A compatibility list is available [https://web.archive.org/web/20060208152806/http://guides.macrumors.com/Rosetta_incompatibilities here]. | ||
;DingusPPC | ;DingusPPC | ||
− | :Experimental emulator early in development | + | :Experimental emulator early in development. |
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==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
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[[Category:Computers]] | [[Category:Computers]] | ||
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