Emulation General Wiki - User contributions [en]

Darling

2026-07-23T15:04:07Z

Emunix: It's active again

{{Infobox emulator
|title = Darling
|logo = Darling.png
|active = Yes
|platform = [[Emulators on Linux|Linux]]
|target = macOS
|developer = Luboš Doležel
|website = [http://darlinghq.org/ darlingHQ.org]
|source = [https://github.com/darlinghq/darling GitHub]
|issuetracker = [https://github.com/darlinghq/darling/issues GitHub]
|license = {{License|GPLv3}}
|prog-lang = {{Proglang|Objective-C}}, {{Proglang|C}}, {{Proglang|C++}}
}}

'''Darling''' is an open source [[Compatibility layers|compatibility layer]] for Linux that is designed to run macOS executables. It only supports very basic graphical user interface (GUI) programs as of Jul 2023, but can run various console tools or applications including Apple’s Toolchain and Midnight Commander.
The program must be self-built on a 64-bit x86 Linux distribution using the source code provided on [https://github.com/darlinghq/darling GitHub]. Currently, only basic applications can run.

==External links==
* [http://blog.darlinghq.org/ Development Blog]
* [https://docs.darlinghq.org/build-instructions.html Build Instructions]

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Compatibility layers]]
[[Category:Linux software]]
[[Category:Stalled software]]
[[Category:Active software]]

Compatibility layers

2025-12-22T23:13:47Z

Emunix:

While not strictly emulation ''per se'' (hence why [[Wine]] stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator"), '''compatibility layers''' allow software written for one operating system to run on a different OS, often by translating system calls made by an application to their equivalent calls in the host operating system. In theory, this should allow for near-native performance since no processor emulation takes place, but in practice some software such as games will tend to run a bit slower due to other bottlenecks that occur as a result of [[Emulation accuracy|replicating the correct behavior]]. Compatibility layers may also make use of [[wrappers]], which translate a specific API to another because accounting for graphics APIs like Direct3D that aren't supported on non-Microsoft platforms. Additionally, compatibility layers may also use emulation in order to run software built for a different [[wikipedia:Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures#Instruction_sets|architecture]], see [[High and low-level emulation]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layers|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

==Compatibility layers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Compatibility
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended emulators|Recommended]]
! scope="col"|Runs the following software
|-
!colspan="8"|PC / x86
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Haiku}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}} (Dev: {{WineDevVer}})] [https://wiki.winehq.org/Haiku Haiku]
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|Janus-UAE
|align=left|{{Icon|AROS}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/janus-uae/ 1.4]
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/janus-uae/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|68k Amiga applications
|-
|[[Whisky]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/Whisky-App/Whisky {{WhiskyVer}}]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{~}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[Proton]] (included with Steam)
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://store.steampowered.com/about/ {{ProtonVer}}] [https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/tags git]
|[https://www.protondb.com/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD3}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[[TeknoParrot]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|<abbr title="TPBootstrapper/Web Installer which downloads the latest versions of all components with TeknoParrot automatically for you.">[https://github.com/nzgamer41/TPBootstrapper/tags TPBootstrapper]</abbr> [https://teknoparrot.com/download {{TeknoVer}}]
|[https://teknoparrot.com/wiki/compatibility.html ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|PC-based arcade games
|-
|Rosetta
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|N/A
|[https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/intel-based-macs-rosetta-compatibility-index/ ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|PowerPC OS X applications<ref group=N>Support ended with OS X 10.7 Lion.</ref>
|-
|CrossOver
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|ChromeOS}}<ref group=N>https://support.codeweavers.com/en_US/chrome-os/</ref>
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winprog64/running-32-bit-applications WOW64]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|32-bit Windows applications
|-
|[[WineVDM]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/otya128/winevdm/releases git] [https://ci.appveyor.com/project/otya128/winevdm/ Dev]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|16-bit Windows applications
|-
|[https://sober.vinegarhq.org/ Sober]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://sober.vinegarhq.org/sober.flatpakref Flatpak]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Roblox (Android version)
|-
|[https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io Minecraft Bedrock Launcher]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/minecraft-linux/mcpelauncher-manifest v0.15.0]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Minecraft: Bedrock Edition (Android version)
|-
|Linuxulator
|align=left|{{Icon|FreeBSD}}
|[https://wiki.freebsd.org/Linuxulator Wiki] [https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/linuxemu/ Docs]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Linux applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/ Android Translation Layer]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/android_translation_layer git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|Android applications
|-
|libhoudini
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/SGNight/Arm-NativeBridge#download-links-- 1], [https://github.com/Rprop/libhoudini#libhoudini 2], [https://archive.org/details/androidx86-houdini 3], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_intel_proprietary_houdini 4], [https://github.com/m9rco/Genymotion_ARM_Translation 5] [https://github.com/niizam/Genymotion_A11_libhoudini 6], [https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 7], [https://github.com/mrvictory1/libhoudini_bluestacks 8], [https://github.com/YuryenUcahh/libnb_script 9]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|libndk<abbr title="Not to be confused with Android Native Development Kit (NDK)">*</abbr>
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 1], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_google_proprietary_ndk_translation-prebuilt 2]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|[https://www.cygwin.com/ Cygwin]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin-announce/2025-July/012416.html 3.6.4-1]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Providing POSIX compliant APIs, Linux-alike shell and tools on Windows for developers.
|-
|[https://www.gfdgdxi.top/uengine-runner/Help/ UEngine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/gfdgd-xi/uengine-runner git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android applications
|-
|[[Darling]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/darlinghq/darling git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}} (WIP)
|macOS applications
|-
|[https://www.linzhuotech.com/index.php/home/index/xdroid.html xDroid]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://www.linzhuotech.com/Product/download 11.1.51]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android applications
|-
|[[Wineskin]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/tiki-index.php?page=Downloads 1.7]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|WineBottler
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://winebottler.kronenberg.org/ 4.0.1.1 Dev]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[WoW]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 9x applications
|-
|[[Win3mu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://bitbucket.org/toptensoftware/win3mu Source]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 3.x applications
|-
|[[NTVDMx64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/leecher1337/ntvdmx64 git]
|?
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[[Ardi Executor]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|DOS}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080404193445/http://www.ardi.com/ardi.php 2.1.17]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Classic Mac OS applications up to System 6
|-
|[http://dosemu.sourceforge.net/ DOSEmu]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosemu/files/ 1.4.0]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[http://dosemu2.github.io/dosemu2/ DOSEmu2]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/dosemu2/dosemu2 git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/ Windows Subsystem for Linux '''1''']
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install Install guide]
|?
|{{?}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows developers to run a Linux environment.
|-
|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin/pool/partner/kmre_2.4.6.8+22.04_amd64.deb 2.4.6.8][https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.4.8.7-0k0.9_amd64.deb 2.4.8.7-0k0.9]<ref group=N name=kmrex86>2.4.8.7 is untested-NeoKylin never announced nor shipped this with x86 releases.</ref>
|?
|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows openKylin/Ubuntu Kylin to run Android applications.
|-
|Windows CE Compatibility Layer
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/dz333n/wcecl/actions/workflows/build.yml git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{~}} ||{{✗}} <ref group=N>Currently only Solitaire and etcha.exe are known to work.</ref>
|Windows CE applications.
|-
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/ Boxedwine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/downloads/ 20.1.2] [https://github.com/danoon2/Boxedwine git] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/boxedwine/ Old repo]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{?}} ||{{TBD}}
|16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications.
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|NetBSD}}
|[https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-linux.html Docs] [https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|OpenBSD}}
|[https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.1/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD4}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge nb-qemu]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge/nb-qemu git] [https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge/nb-qemu-bionic bionic]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|Berberis
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/libs/binary_translation/+/refs/heads/main/ git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{?}} ||{{TBD}}
|RISC-V Android applications
|-
!colspan="8"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|Rosetta 2
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|N/A
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/M1_Rosetta_2_compatible_games_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|x86-64 macOS applications on Apple Silicon<ref group=N>AVX instruction support added in macOS 15 Sequoia.</ref>
|-
|CrossOver
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/M1_CrossOver_Windows_compatible_games_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|Game Porting Toolkit
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://gist.github.com/Frityet/448a945690bd7c8cff5fef49daae858e Installation guide]
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/Game_Porting_Toolkit#Game_compatibility_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/apps-on-arm-x86-emulation Prism]
|align=left|{{Icon2|WoA}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|x86 and x86-64 Windows applications on Windows for ARM64 <ref group=N>https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/prism-x86-64-emulator/</ref>
|-
|[[Box86/Box64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LiA|Android|Pandora}}
|[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box86 {{box86Ver}}]/[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box64/ {{box64Ver}}]
|[https://box86.org/app/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|x86-64 Linux applications
|-
|[[FEX-Emu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|x86-64 Linux applications
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/android/ Android builds] [https://wiki.winehq.org/ARM ARM support]
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/ Android Translation Layer]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/android_translation_layer git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|Android applications
|-
|[[Winlator]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/brunodev85/winlator/releases {{WinlatorVer}}]
|[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UI0dCJTdxkAD8pDUoCtqwe7hCRSD35w0N3zESTmNYBU/edit?gid=0#gid=0 ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
|[[MiceWine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/KreitinnSoftware/MiceWine-Application/releases {{MiceWineVer}}]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
||[https://gamehub.xiaoji.com GameHub](GameFusion)
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://gamehub.xiaoji.com/download/ 3.0.5]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos Vita2hos]
|align=left|{{Icon|Switch}}
|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos/releases/tag/alpha-0.3 Alpha 0.3]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|PlayStation Vita applications
|-
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover Hangover]
|align=left|{{Icon||LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover/releases git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[Skyline]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/skyline-emu/skyline/releases git]
|[[Nintendo_Switch_emulators#Compatibility_layers_.28....29|See Switch page]]
|{{Green}} {{License|MPL2}} ({{License|Copyleft}})
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|Nintendo Switch games and homebrew
|-
|[https://www.hikunpeng.com/document/detail/en/kunpengdevps/ug-exagear/usermanual/kunpengexagear_06_0002.html ExaGear-KunPeng]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://www.hikunpeng.com/zh/developer/devkit/download/exagear 5.1.0]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|x86 Linux applications into Kunpeng platform instructions in real time
|-
|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_3.0.0.0-0k0.15_arm64.deb 3.0.0.0-0k0.15][https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3_arm64.deb 2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3]<ref group=N name=kmrearm>2.5.0.2 is only for some industrial tablets or similar devices with Phytium processors.</ref>
|?
|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows openKylin/NeoKylin (with supported processors) to run Android applications.
|-
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/ Boxedwine]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|macOS}}
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/downloads/ 20.1.2] [https://github.com/danoon2/Boxedwine git] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/boxedwine/ Old repo]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications.
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|NetBSD}}
|[https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-linux.html Docs] [https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
!colspan="9"|Consoles
|-
|[[Nintendont]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Wii|WiiU}}
|[https://github.com/FIX94/Nintendont git]
|[[GameCube_emulators#Compatibility_layers_.28....29|See Gamecube page]]
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|GameCube games
|-
| [[Emulators_on_Nintendo_Switch_2#Compatibility_Mode_.28nnCompat.29|nnCompat]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Switch2}}
| 20.1.1
| [https://www.nintendo.com/us/gaming-systems/switch-2/transfer-guide/compatible-games/ 98%]
| {{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
|Nintendo Switch games
|-

!colspan="8"|Misc
|-
|[https://felix86.com/ felix86]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/offtkp/felix86 git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|x86-64 Linux applications on RISC-V.
|-
|LATX
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[http://pkg.loongnix.cn/loongnix/pool/main/l/lat/ 1.5.3 RC1]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|x86 Linux applications into LoongArch64 instruction set.
|}
<references group=A />
<references group=N />
===Comparisons===
*[[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve, and has even received some support from Microsoft themselves who donated the Mono implementation of the .NET Framework to the Wine project. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].
**[[Proton]]: is Valve's one-click solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as [[Wrappers|DXVK]] (which is a wrapper explained below) and FAudio.
**[https://www.codeweavers.com/products/ CrossOver] is a commercialized, supported version of Wine from CodeWeavers. It uses additional patches on top of Wine to make it easy to use. They contribute all of their work on CrossOvers back to Wine and make up about two thirds of the commits made to Wine. CrossOver is available on macOS, Linux and Chrome OS.
**[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted.
**[[Winlator]] is an Android application that lets you to run Windows (x86_64) applications with Wine and Box86/Box64.

* [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to run games originally made for Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for some games running on Linux.
* '''Rosetta''' was a compatibility layer for running PowerPC apps on x86-based Macs on OS X versions prior to 1.07. '''Rosetta 2''' is a comptibility layer on Apple silicon Macs allowing x86-64 apps to run on ARM-based Macs. Note that Rosetta 2 is not strictly limited to MacOS apps as software such as Crossover is able to call it to emulate x86 code in Windows binaries.
* '''Prism''' is the built-in compatibility layer in Windows on ARM to run traditional x86 (also x64 in Windows 11) Windows programs.
* [[Box86/Box64]] lets you run x86 Linux programs (such as games) on non-x86 Linux systems, like ARM (the host system needs to be 32bit little-endian).
* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. In its nature, it is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] project. At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI.
* [https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io/ Minecraft Bedrock Launcher] is a compatibility layer made specifically to run the Android version of Minecraft: Bedrock Edition on Linux and macOS. It is not compatible with any other Android apps.
* Windows Subsystem for Linux 1 is a compatibility layer and shouldn't be confused with WSL2. WSL2 introduced important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of '''Hyper-V features''', so it's not a compatibility layer like WSL1.
* Berberis, libhoudini, libndk and nb-qemu are Android [https://android.googlesource.com/platform/art/+/refs/heads/main/libnativebridge/README.md Native Bridges] used to run apps made for other architectures. libhoudini was made by Intel and Google with its most notable use being on WSA for Windows 11, libndk was made by Google to expand Android compatibility on Chromebooks, there's no official source to download them other than online reuploads or extracting them from those systems yourself.
* KMRE is a compatibility layer and it's the official solution to run Android applications on computers with Chinese homegrown Phytium/KunPeng ARM processors and NeoKylin Linux operating system, though later also available on x86-64 on [https://www.ubuntukylin.com/index-en.html Ubuntu Kylin]. KMRE is not designed with third-party applications outside its app store and in fact, force installing third-party apps breaks older versions of KMRE. It's the go-to solution if you are restricted to working with these kinds of computers due to national security reasons. See [[Android_emulators#KMRE|KMRE section]] for more information.
* Vita2hos is an early compatibility layer for Nintendo Switch that runs PlayStation Vita applications natively. Only able to load simple test homebrews such as vita-8 as of December 2022. Appears to only be developed every once in a while.

==Shims==
Shim is a library that transparently intercepts API calls and changes the arguments passed, handles the operation itself or redirects the operation elsewhere. Shims can be used to support an old API in a newer environment, or a new API in an older environment. Shims can also be used for running programs on different software platforms than they were developed for. [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators#Recommended_solutions|the EmulateHeap compatibility shim broke on Windows 11 22H2, and Win32 API changes in 24H2 have messed up games that rely on quirky behavior]].

==See also==
* [[Wrappers]] - Translate a specific API to another.

==External links==
* [https://box86.org/2024/08/box64-and-risc-v-in-2024/ Box64 and RISC-V in 2024] - What it takes to run The Witcher 3 on RISC-V.

[[Category:Compatibility layers|*]]

----
{{NEL}}

Compatibility layers

2025-12-22T23:10:34Z

Emunix: Darling active again

While not strictly emulation ''per se'' (hence why [[Wine]] stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator"), '''compatibility layers''' allow software written for one operating system to run on a different OS, often by translating system calls made by an application to their equivalent calls in the host operating system. In theory, this should allow for near-native performance since no processor emulation takes place, but in practice some software such as games will tend to run a bit slower due to other bottlenecks that occur as a result of [[Emulation accuracy|replicating the correct behavior]]. Compatibility layers may also make use of [[wrappers]], which translate a specific API to another because accounting for graphics APIs like Direct3D that aren't supported on non-Microsoft platforms. Additionally, compatibility layers may also use emulation in order to run software built for a different [[wikipedia:Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures#Instruction_sets|architecture]], see [[High and low-level emulation]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layers|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

==Compatibility layers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Compatibility
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended emulators|Recommended]]
! scope="col"|Runs the following software
|-
!colspan="8"|PC / x86
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Haiku}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}} (Dev: {{WineDevVer}})] [https://wiki.winehq.org/Haiku Haiku]
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|Janus-UAE
|align=left|{{Icon|AROS}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/janus-uae/ 1.4]
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/janus-uae/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|68k Amiga applications
|-
|[[Whisky]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/Whisky-App/Whisky {{WhiskyVer}}]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{~}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[Proton]] (included with Steam)
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://store.steampowered.com/about/ {{ProtonVer}}] [https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/tags git]
|[https://www.protondb.com/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD3}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[[TeknoParrot]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|<abbr title="TPBootstrapper/Web Installer which downloads the latest versions of all components with TeknoParrot automatically for you.">[https://github.com/nzgamer41/TPBootstrapper/tags TPBootstrapper]</abbr> [https://teknoparrot.com/download {{TeknoVer}}]
|[https://teknoparrot.com/wiki/compatibility.html ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|PC-based arcade games
|-
|Rosetta
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|N/A
|[https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/intel-based-macs-rosetta-compatibility-index/ ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|PowerPC OS X applications<ref group=N>Support ended with OS X 10.7 Lion.</ref>
|-
|CrossOver
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|ChromeOS}}<ref group=N>https://support.codeweavers.com/en_US/chrome-os/</ref>
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winprog64/running-32-bit-applications WOW64]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|32-bit Windows applications
|-
|[[WineVDM]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/otya128/winevdm/releases git] [https://ci.appveyor.com/project/otya128/winevdm/ Dev]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|16-bit Windows applications
|-
|[https://sober.vinegarhq.org/ Sober]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://sober.vinegarhq.org/sober.flatpakref Flatpak]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Roblox (Android version)
|-
|[https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io Minecraft Bedrock Launcher]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/minecraft-linux/mcpelauncher-manifest v0.15.0]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Minecraft: Bedrock Edition (Android version)
|-
|Linuxulator
|align=left|{{Icon|FreeBSD}}
|[https://wiki.freebsd.org/Linuxulator Wiki] [https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/linuxemu/ Docs]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Linux applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/ Android Translation Layer]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/android_translation_layer git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|Android applications
|-
|libhoudini
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/SGNight/Arm-NativeBridge#download-links-- 1], [https://github.com/Rprop/libhoudini#libhoudini 2], [https://archive.org/details/androidx86-houdini 3], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_intel_proprietary_houdini 4], [https://github.com/m9rco/Genymotion_ARM_Translation 5] [https://github.com/niizam/Genymotion_A11_libhoudini 6], [https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 7], [https://github.com/mrvictory1/libhoudini_bluestacks 8], [https://github.com/YuryenUcahh/libnb_script 9]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|libndk<abbr title="Not to be confused with Android Native Development Kit (NDK)">*</abbr>
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 1], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_google_proprietary_ndk_translation-prebuilt 2]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|[https://www.cygwin.com/ Cygwin]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin-announce/2025-July/012416.html 3.6.4-1]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Providing POSIX compliant APIs, Linux-alike shell and tools on Windows for developers.
|-
|[https://www.gfdgdxi.top/uengine-runner/Help/ UEngine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/gfdgd-xi/uengine-runner git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android applications
|-
|[[Darling]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/darlinghq/darling git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{~}} ||{{✓}} (WIP)
|macOS applications
|-
|[https://www.linzhuotech.com/index.php/home/index/xdroid.html xDroid]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://www.linzhuotech.com/Product/download 11.1.51]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android applications
|-
|[[Wineskin]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/tiki-index.php?page=Downloads 1.7]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|WineBottler
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://winebottler.kronenberg.org/ 4.0.1.1 Dev]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[WoW]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 9x applications
|-
|[[Win3mu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://bitbucket.org/toptensoftware/win3mu Source]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 3.x applications
|-
|[[NTVDMx64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/leecher1337/ntvdmx64 git]
|?
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[[Ardi Executor]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|DOS}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080404193445/http://www.ardi.com/ardi.php 2.1.17]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Classic Mac OS applications up to System 6
|-
|[http://dosemu.sourceforge.net/ DOSEmu]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosemu/files/ 1.4.0]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[http://dosemu2.github.io/dosemu2/ DOSEmu2]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/dosemu2/dosemu2 git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/ Windows Subsystem for Linux '''1''']
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install Install guide]
|?
|{{?}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows developers to run a Linux environment.
|-
|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin/pool/partner/kmre_2.4.6.8+22.04_amd64.deb 2.4.6.8][https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.4.8.7-0k0.9_amd64.deb 2.4.8.7-0k0.9]<ref group=N name=kmrex86>2.4.8.7 is untested-NeoKylin never announced nor shipped this with x86 releases.</ref>
|?
|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows openKylin/Ubuntu Kylin to run Android applications.
|-
|Windows CE Compatibility Layer
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/dz333n/wcecl/actions/workflows/build.yml git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{~}} ||{{✗}} <ref group=N>Currently only Solitaire and etcha.exe are known to work.</ref>
|Windows CE applications.
|-
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/ Boxedwine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/downloads/ 20.1.2] [https://github.com/danoon2/Boxedwine git] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/boxedwine/ Old repo]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{?}} ||{{TBD}}
|16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications.
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|NetBSD}}
|[https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-linux.html Docs] [https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|OpenBSD}}
|[https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.1/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD4}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge nb-qemu]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge/nb-qemu git] [https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge/nb-qemu-bionic bionic]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|Berberis
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/libs/binary_translation/+/refs/heads/main/ git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{?}} ||{{TBD}}
|RISC-V Android applications
|-
!colspan="8"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|Rosetta 2
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|N/A
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/M1_Rosetta_2_compatible_games_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|x86-64 macOS applications on Apple Silicon<ref group=N>AVX instruction support added in macOS 15 Sequoia.</ref>
|-
|CrossOver
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/M1_CrossOver_Windows_compatible_games_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|Game Porting Toolkit
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://gist.github.com/Frityet/448a945690bd7c8cff5fef49daae858e Installation guide]
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/Game_Porting_Toolkit#Game_compatibility_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/apps-on-arm-x86-emulation Prism]
|align=left|{{Icon2|WoA}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|x86 and x86-64 Windows applications on Windows for ARM64 <ref group=N>https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/prism-x86-64-emulator/</ref>
|-
|[[Box86/Box64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LiA|Android|Pandora}}
|[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box86 {{box86Ver}}]/[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box64/ {{box64Ver}}]
|[https://box86.org/app/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|x86-64 Linux applications
|-
|[[FEX-Emu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|x86-64 Linux applications
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/android/ Android builds] [https://wiki.winehq.org/ARM ARM support]
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/ Android Translation Layer]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/android_translation_layer git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|Android applications
|-
|[[Winlator]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/brunodev85/winlator/releases {{WinlatorVer}}]
|[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UI0dCJTdxkAD8pDUoCtqwe7hCRSD35w0N3zESTmNYBU/edit?gid=0#gid=0 ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
|[[MiceWine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/KreitinnSoftware/MiceWine-Application/releases {{MiceWineVer}}]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
||[https://gamehub.xiaoji.com GameHub](GameFusion)
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://gamehub.xiaoji.com/download/ 3.0.5]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos Vita2hos]
|align=left|{{Icon|Switch}}
|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos/releases/tag/alpha-0.3 Alpha 0.3]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|PlayStation Vita applications
|-
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover Hangover]
|align=left|{{Icon||LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover/releases git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[Skyline]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/skyline-emu/skyline/releases git]
|[[Nintendo_Switch_emulators#Compatibility_layers_.28....29|See Switch page]]
|{{Green}} {{License|MPL2}} ({{License|Copyleft}})
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|Nintendo Switch games and homebrew
|-
|[https://www.hikunpeng.com/document/detail/en/kunpengdevps/ug-exagear/usermanual/kunpengexagear_06_0002.html ExaGear-KunPeng]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://www.hikunpeng.com/zh/developer/devkit/download/exagear 5.1.0]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|x86 Linux applications into Kunpeng platform instructions in real time
|-
|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_3.0.0.0-0k0.15_arm64.deb 3.0.0.0-0k0.15][https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3_arm64.deb 2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3]<ref group=N name=kmrearm>2.5.0.2 is only for some industrial tablets or similar devices with Phytium processors.</ref>
|?
|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows openKylin/NeoKylin (with supported processors) to run Android applications.
|-
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/ Boxedwine]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|macOS}}
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/downloads/ 20.1.2] [https://github.com/danoon2/Boxedwine git] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/boxedwine/ Old repo]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications.
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|NetBSD}}
|[https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-linux.html Docs] [https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
!colspan="9"|Consoles
|-
|[[Nintendont]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Wii|WiiU}}
|[https://github.com/FIX94/Nintendont git]
|[[GameCube_emulators#Compatibility_layers_.28....29|See Gamecube page]]
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|GameCube games
|-
| [[Emulators_on_Nintendo_Switch_2#Compatibility_Mode_.28nnCompat.29|nnCompat]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Switch2}}
| 20.1.1
| [https://www.nintendo.com/us/gaming-systems/switch-2/transfer-guide/compatible-games/ 98%]
| {{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
|Nintendo Switch games
|-

!colspan="8"|Misc
|-
|[https://felix86.com/ felix86]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/offtkp/felix86 git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|x86-64 Linux applications on RISC-V.
|-
|LATX
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[http://pkg.loongnix.cn/loongnix/pool/main/l/lat/ 1.5.3 RC1]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|x86 Linux applications into LoongArch64 instruction set.
|}
<references group=A />
<references group=N />
===Comparisons===
*[[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve, and has even received some support from Microsoft themselves who donated the Mono implementation of the .NET Framework to the Wine project. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].
**[[Proton]]: is Valve's one-click solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as [[Wrappers|DXVK]] (which is a wrapper explained below) and FAudio.
**[https://www.codeweavers.com/products/ CrossOver] is a commercialized, supported version of Wine from CodeWeavers. It uses additional patches on top of Wine to make it easy to use. They contribute all of their work on CrossOvers back to Wine and make up about two thirds of the commits made to Wine. CrossOver is available on macOS, Linux and Chrome OS.
**[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted.
**[[Winlator]] is an Android application that lets you to run Windows (x86_64) applications with Wine and Box86/Box64.

* [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to run games originally made for Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for some games running on Linux.
* '''Rosetta''' was a compatibility layer for running PowerPC apps on x86-based Macs on OS X versions prior to 1.07. '''Rosetta 2''' is a comptibility layer on Apple silicon Macs allowing x86-64 apps to run on ARM-based Macs. Note that Rosetta 2 is not strictly limited to MacOS apps as software such as Crossover is able to call it to emulate x86 code in Windows binaries.
* '''Prism''' is the built-in compatibility layer in Windows on ARM to run traditional x86 (also x64 in Windows 11) Windows programs.
* [[Box86/Box64]] lets you run x86 Linux programs (such as games) on non-x86 Linux systems, like ARM (the host system needs to be 32bit little-endian).
* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. In its nature, it is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] project. At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI.
* [https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io/ Minecraft Bedrock Launcher] is a compatibility layer made specifically to run the Android version of Minecraft: Bedrock Edition on Linux and macOS. It is not compatible with any other Android apps.
* Windows Subsystem for Linux 1 is a compatibility layer and shouldn't be confused with WSL2. WSL2 introduced important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of '''Hyper-V features''', so it's not a compatibility layer like WSL1.
* Berberis, libhoudini, libndk and nb-qemu are Android [https://android.googlesource.com/platform/art/+/refs/heads/main/libnativebridge/README.md Native Bridges] used to run apps made for other architectures. libhoudini was made by Intel and Google with its most notable use being on WSA for Windows 11, libndk was made by Google to expand Android compatibility on Chromebooks, there's no official source to download them other than online reuploads or extracting them from those systems yourself.
* KMRE is a compatibility layer and it's the official solution to run Android applications on computers with Chinese homegrown Phytium/KunPeng ARM processors and NeoKylin Linux operating system, though later also available on x86-64 on [https://www.ubuntukylin.com/index-en.html Ubuntu Kylin]. KMRE is not designed with third-party applications outside its app store and in fact, force installing third-party apps breaks older versions of KMRE. It's the go-to solution if you are restricted to working with these kinds of computers due to national security reasons. See [[Android_emulators#KMRE|KMRE section]] for more information.
* Vita2hos is an early compatibility layer for Nintendo Switch that runs PlayStation Vita applications natively. Only able to load simple test homebrews such as vita-8 as of December 2022. Appears to only be developed every once in a while.

==Shims==
Shim is a library that transparently intercepts API calls and changes the arguments passed, handles the operation itself or redirects the operation elsewhere. Shims can be used to support an old API in a newer environment, or a new API in an older environment. Shims can also be used for running programs on different software platforms than they were developed for. [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators#Recommended_solutions|the EmulateHeap compatibility shim broke on Windows 11 22H2, and Win32 API changes in 24H2 have messed up games that rely on quirky behavior]].

==See also==
* [[Wrappers]] - Translate a specific API to another.

==External links==
* [https://box86.org/2024/08/box64-and-risc-v-in-2024/ Box64 and RISC-V in 2024] - What it takes to run The Witcher 3 on RISC-V.

[[Category:Compatibility layers|*]]

----
{{NEL}}

Category:Stalled software

2025-11-13T15:05:37Z

Emunix:

These software aren't officially dead, but development has significantly slowed down, if not completely stopped altogether.
[[Category:Software state| ]]

Category:Stalled software

2025-11-13T15:03:54Z

Emunix: Created page with "These software aren't officially dead, but development has significantly slowed down, if not completely stopped altogether."

These software aren't officially dead, but development has significantly slowed down, if not completely stopped altogether.

Darling

2025-11-13T15:03:23Z

Emunix: Darling development stalled

{{Infobox emulator
|title = Darling
|logo = Darling.png
|active = Stalled
|platform = [[Emulators on Linux|Linux]]
|target = macOS
|developer = Luboš Doležel
|website = [http://darlinghq.org/ darlingHQ.org]
|source = [https://github.com/darlinghq/darling GitHub]
|license = {{License|GPLv3}}
|prog-lang = {{Proglang|Objective-C}}, {{Proglang|C}}, {{Proglang|C++}}
}}

'''Darling''' is an open source [[Compatibility layers|compatibility layer]] for Linux that is designed to run macOS executables. It only supports very basic graphical user interface (GUI) programs as of Jul 2023, but can run various console tools or applications including Apple’s Toolchain and Midnight Commander.
The program must be self-built on a 64-bit x86 Linux distribution using the source code provided on [https://github.com/darlinghq/darling GitHub]. Currently, only basic applications can run.

==External links==
* [http://blog.darlinghq.org/ Development Blog]
* [https://docs.darlinghq.org/build-instructions.html Build Instructions]

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Compatibility layers]]
[[Category:Linux software]]
[[Category:Stalled software]]

Compatibility layers

2025-11-13T14:59:58Z

Emunix: Darling development stalled

While not strictly emulation ''per se'' (hence why [[Wine]] stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator"), '''compatibility layers''' allow software written for one operating system to run on a different OS, often by translating system calls made by an application to their equivalent calls in the host operating system. In theory, this should allow for near-native performance since no processor emulation takes place, but in practice some software such as games will tend to run a bit slower due to other bottlenecks that occur as a result of [[Emulation accuracy|replicating the correct behavior]]. Compatibility layers may also make use of [[wrappers]], which translate a specific API to another because accounting for graphics APIs like Direct3D that aren't supported on non-Microsoft platforms. Additionally, compatibility layers may also use emulation in order to run software built for a different [[wikipedia:Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures#Instruction_sets|architecture]], see [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layers|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

==Compatibility layers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Compatibility
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended emulators|Recommended]]
! scope="col"|Runs the following software
|-
!colspan="8"|PC / x86
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Haiku}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}} (Dev: {{WineDevVer}})] [https://wiki.winehq.org/Haiku Haiku]
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|Janus-UAE
|align=left|{{Icon|AROS}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/janus-uae/ 1.4]
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/janus-uae/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|68k Amiga applications
|-
|[[Whisky]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/Whisky-App/Whisky {{WhiskyVer}}]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{~}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[Proton]] (included with Steam)
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://store.steampowered.com/about/ {{ProtonVer}}] [https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/tags git]
|[https://www.protondb.com/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD3}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[[TeknoParrot]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|<abbr title="TPBootstrapper/Web Installer which downloads the latest versions of all components with TeknoParrot automatically for you.">[https://github.com/nzgamer41/TPBootstrapper/tags TPBootstrapper]</abbr> [https://teknoparrot.com/download {{TeknoVer}}]
|[https://teknoparrot.com/wiki/compatibility.html ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|PC-based arcade games
|-
|Rosetta
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|N/A
|[https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/intel-based-macs-rosetta-compatibility-index/ ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|PowerPC OS X applications<ref group=N>Support ended with OS X 10.7 Lion.</ref>
|-
|CrossOver
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|ChromeOS}}<ref group=N>https://support.codeweavers.com/en_US/chrome-os/</ref>
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winprog64/running-32-bit-applications WOW64]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|32-bit Windows applications
|-
|[[WineVDM]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/otya128/winevdm/releases git] [https://ci.appveyor.com/project/otya128/winevdm/ Dev]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|16-bit Windows applications
|-
|[https://sober.vinegarhq.org/ Sober]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://sober.vinegarhq.org/sober.flatpakref Flatpak]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Roblox (Android version)
|-
|[https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io Minecraft Bedrock Launcher]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://github.com/minecraft-linux/mcpelauncher-manifest v0.15.0]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Minecraft: Bedrock Edition (Android version)
|-
|Linuxulator
|align=left|{{Icon|FreeBSD}}
|[https://wiki.freebsd.org/Linuxulator Wiki] [https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/linuxemu/ Docs]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Linux applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/ Android Translation Layer]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/android_translation_layer git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|Android applications
|-
|libhoudini
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/SGNight/Arm-NativeBridge#download-links-- 1], [https://github.com/Rprop/libhoudini#libhoudini 2], [https://archive.org/details/androidx86-houdini 3], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_intel_proprietary_houdini 4], [https://github.com/m9rco/Genymotion_ARM_Translation 5] [https://github.com/niizam/Genymotion_A11_libhoudini 6], [https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 7], [https://github.com/mrvictory1/libhoudini_bluestacks 8], [https://github.com/YuryenUcahh/libnb_script 9]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|libndk<abbr title="Not to be confused with Android Native Development Kit (NDK)">*</abbr>
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/ilhan-athn7/android_proprietary_native_bridge 1], [https://github.com/supremegamers/vendor_google_proprietary_ndk_translation-prebuilt 2]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{TBD}} ||{{~}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|[https://www.cygwin.com/ Cygwin]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin-announce/2025-July/012416.html 3.6.4-1]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Providing POSIX compliant APIs, Linux-alike shell and tools on Windows for developers.
|-
|[https://www.gfdgdxi.top/uengine-runner/Help/ UEngine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/gfdgd-xi/uengine-runner git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android applications
|-
|[[Darling]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/darlinghq/darling git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{~}} ||{{✗}} (WIP)
|macOS applications
|-
|[https://www.linzhuotech.com/index.php/home/index/xdroid.html xDroid]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://www.linzhuotech.com/Product/download 11.1.51]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Android applications
|-
|[[Wineskin]]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/tiki-index.php?page=Downloads 1.7]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|WineBottler
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://winebottler.kronenberg.org/ 4.0.1.1 Dev]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[WoW]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 9x applications
|-
|[[Win3mu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://bitbucket.org/toptensoftware/win3mu Source]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows 3.x applications
|-
|[[NTVDMx64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/leecher1337/ntvdmx64 git]
|?
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[[Ardi Executor]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|DOS}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080404193445/http://www.ardi.com/ardi.php 2.1.17]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Classic Mac OS applications up to System 6
|-
|[http://dosemu.sourceforge.net/ DOSEmu]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosemu/files/ 1.4.0]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[http://dosemu2.github.io/dosemu2/ DOSEmu2]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/dosemu2/dosemu2 git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|DOS applications
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/ Windows Subsystem for Linux '''1''']
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install Install guide]
|?
|{{?}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows developers to run a Linux environment.
|-
|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin/pool/partner/kmre_2.4.6.8+22.04_amd64.deb 2.4.6.8][https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.4.8.7-0k0.9_amd64.deb 2.4.8.7-0k0.9]<ref group=N name=kmrex86>2.4.8.7 is untested-NeoKylin never announced nor shipped this with x86 releases.</ref>
|?
|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows openKylin/Ubuntu Kylin to run Android applications.
|-
|Windows CE Compatibility Layer
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/dz333n/wcecl/actions/workflows/build.yml git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{~}} ||{{✗}} <ref group=N>Currently only Solitaire and etcha.exe are known to work.</ref>
|Windows CE applications.
|-
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/ Boxedwine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/downloads/ 20.1.2] [https://github.com/danoon2/Boxedwine git] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/boxedwine/ Old repo]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{?}} ||{{TBD}}
|16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications.
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|NetBSD}}
|[https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-linux.html Docs] [https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|OpenBSD}}
|[https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.1/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD4}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge nb-qemu]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge/nb-qemu git] [https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/qemu-based-native-bridge/nb-qemu-bionic bionic]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|ARM Android applications
|-
|Berberis
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/libs/binary_translation/+/refs/heads/main/ git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{?}} ||{{TBD}}
|RISC-V Android applications
|-
!colspan="8"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|Rosetta 2
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|N/A
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/M1_Rosetta_2_compatible_games_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|x86-64 macOS applications on Apple Silicon<ref group=N>AVX instruction support added in macOS 15 Sequoia.</ref>
|-
|CrossOver
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://www.codeweavers.com/products 22.1]
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/M1_CrossOver_Windows_compatible_games_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows applications
|-
|Game Porting Toolkit
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://gist.github.com/Frityet/448a945690bd7c8cff5fef49daae858e Installation guide]
|[https://www.applegamingwiki.com/wiki/Game_Porting_Toolkit#Game_compatibility_list ?]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|Windows games
|-
|[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/apps-on-arm-x86-emulation Prism]
|align=left|{{Icon2|WoA}}
|N/A
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|x86 and x86-64 Windows applications on Windows for ARM64 <ref group=N>https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/prism-x86-64-emulator/</ref>
|-
|[[Box86/Box64]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LiA|Android|Pandora}}
|[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box86 {{box86Ver}}]/[https://github.com/ptitSeb/box64/ {{box64Ver}}]
|[https://box86.org/app/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|x86-64 Linux applications
|-
|[[FEX-Emu]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|x86-64 Linux applications
|-
|[[Wine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/android/ Android builds] [https://wiki.winehq.org/ARM ARM support]
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/ ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/ Android Translation Layer]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://gitlab.com/android_translation_layer/android_translation_layer git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|Android applications
|-
|[[Winlator]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/brunodev85/winlator/releases {{WinlatorVer}}]
|[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UI0dCJTdxkAD8pDUoCtqwe7hCRSD35w0N3zESTmNYBU/edit?gid=0#gid=0 ?]
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
|[[MiceWine]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/KreitinnSoftware/MiceWine-Application/releases {{MiceWineVer}}]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
||[https://gamehub.xiaoji.com GameHub](GameFusion)
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://gamehub.xiaoji.com/download/ 3.0.5]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|X86 Windows applications
|-
|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos Vita2hos]
|align=left|{{Icon|Switch}}
|[https://github.com/xerpi/vita2hos/releases/tag/alpha-0.3 Alpha 0.3]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|PlayStation Vita applications
|-
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover Hangover]
|align=left|{{Icon||LinuxARM|Android}}
|[https://github.com/AndreRH/hangover/releases git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|Windows applications
|-
|[[Skyline]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://github.com/skyline-emu/skyline/releases git]
|[[Nintendo_Switch_emulators#Compatibility_layers_.28....29|See Switch page]]
|{{Green}} {{License|MPL2}} ({{License|Copyleft}})
|{{✗}}
|{{✗}}
|Nintendo Switch games and homebrew
|-
|[https://www.hikunpeng.com/document/detail/en/kunpengdevps/ug-exagear/usermanual/kunpengexagear_06_0002.html ExaGear-KunPeng]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://www.hikunpeng.com/zh/developer/devkit/download/exagear 5.1.0]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|x86 Linux applications into Kunpeng platform instructions in real time
|-
|[https://old.reddit.com/r/openKylin/comments/14u5kad/about_kmre/ KMRE]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM}}
|[https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_3.0.0.0-0k0.15_arm64.deb 3.0.0.0-0k0.15][https://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL/pool/universe/k/kmre/kmre_2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3_arm64.deb 2.5.0.2-0k0.1tablet3]<ref group=N name=kmrearm>2.5.0.2 is only for some industrial tablets or similar devices with Phytium processors.</ref>
|?
|{{?}} ||{{~}} ||{{✗}}
|Allows openKylin/NeoKylin (with supported processors) to run Android applications.
|-
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/ Boxedwine]
|align=left|{{Icon|LinuxARM|macOS}}
|[https://www.boxedwine.org/downloads/ 20.1.2] [https://github.com/danoon2/Boxedwine git] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/boxedwine/ Old repo]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications.
|-
|compat_linux
|align=left|{{Icon|NetBSD}}
|[https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-linux.html Docs] [https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/compat_linux.8 Manual]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|Linux applications
|-
!colspan="9"|Consoles
|-
|[[Nintendont]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Wii|WiiU}}
|[https://github.com/FIX94/Nintendont git]
|[[GameCube_emulators#Compatibility_layers_.28....29|See Gamecube page]]
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|GameCube games
|-
| [[Emulators_on_Nintendo_Switch_2#Compatibility_Mode_.28nnCompat.29|nnCompat]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Switch2}}
| 20.1.1
| [https://www.nintendo.com/us/gaming-systems/switch-2/transfer-guide/compatible-games/ 98%]
| {{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}}
| {{✓}}
| {{✓}}
|Nintendo Switch games
|-

!colspan="8"|Misc
|-
|[https://felix86.com/ felix86]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/offtkp/felix86 git]
|?
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}} (WIP)
|x86-64 Linux applications on RISC-V.
|-
|LATX
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[http://pkg.loongnix.cn/loongnix/pool/main/l/lat/ 1.5.3 RC1]
|?
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|x86 Linux applications into LoongArch64 instruction set.
|}
<references group=A />
<references group=N />
===Comparisons===
*[[Wine]] is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems, primarily Linux and macOS. Since late 2017 there is also an experimental build for Android. Wine is almost as old as the Linux project, starting in the summer of 1993. Today it's widely used, very popular and sponsored by companies such as CodeWeavers and Valve, and has even received some support from Microsoft themselves who donated the Mono implementation of the .NET Framework to the Wine project. The core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows API as a whole. In this regard it's similar to the [[MAME]] project in its focus on correctness over usability. There are a lot of versions/forks of Wine which focus of different goals, such as usability, compatibility, gaming, office applications, etc. A few are listed below, Wikipedia has [[wikipedia:Wine_(software)#Other_versions_of_Wine|a more complete list]].
**[[Proton]]: is Valve's one-click solution to play Windows games on Linux. It's included in the Steam Linux client by default. Simply click on a whitelisted game and it will launch without any configuration, or enable it for all games in the settings. Proton is based on a fork of Wine in combination with other components such as [[Wrappers|DXVK]] (which is a wrapper explained below) and FAudio.
**[https://www.codeweavers.com/products/ CrossOver] is a commercialized, supported version of Wine from CodeWeavers. It uses additional patches on top of Wine to make it easy to use. They contribute all of their work on CrossOvers back to Wine and make up about two thirds of the commits made to Wine. CrossOver is available on macOS, Linux and Chrome OS.
**[[Wineskin]] is an open-source compatibility layer which allows users to easily convert Windows software to macOS. The ports are in the form of Mac .app bundles with a self-contained Wine instance which are wrapped around the application to be converted.
**[[Winlator]] is an Android application that lets you to run Windows (x86_64) applications with Wine and Box86/Box64.

* [[TeknoParrot]] is a compatibility layer for Windows PCs to run games originally made for Windows-based arcade systems. Has since version 1.51 also support for some games running on Linux.
* '''Rosetta''' was a compatibility layer for running PowerPC apps on x86-based Macs on OS X versions prior to 1.07. '''Rosetta 2''' is a comptibility layer on Apple silicon Macs allowing x86-64 apps to run on ARM-based Macs. Note that Rosetta 2 is not strictly limited to MacOS apps as software such as Crossover is able to call it to emulate x86 code in Windows binaries.
* '''Prism''' is the built-in compatibility layer in Windows on ARM to run traditional x86 (also x64 in Windows 11) Windows programs.
* [[Box86/Box64]] lets you run x86 Linux programs (such as games) on non-x86 Linux systems, like ARM (the host system needs to be 32bit little-endian).
* [[Darling]] is a translation layer that allows you to run unmodified macOS binaries on Linux. In its nature, it is similar to the well-known [[Wine]] project. At this point, does not yet run macOS application with a GUI.
* [https://mcpelauncher.readthedocs.io/ Minecraft Bedrock Launcher] is a compatibility layer made specifically to run the Android version of Minecraft: Bedrock Edition on Linux and macOS. It is not compatible with any other Android apps.
* Windows Subsystem for Linux 1 is a compatibility layer and shouldn't be confused with WSL2. WSL2 introduced important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of '''Hyper-V features''', so it's not a compatibility layer like WSL1.
* Berberis, libhoudini, libndk and nb-qemu are Android [https://android.googlesource.com/platform/art/+/refs/heads/main/libnativebridge/README.md Native Bridges] used to run apps made for other architectures. libhoudini was made by Intel and Google with its most notable use being on WSA for Windows 11, libndk was made by Google to expand Android compatibility on Chromebooks, there's no official source to download them other than online reuploads or extracting them from those systems yourself.
* KMRE is a compatibility layer and it's the official solution to run Android applications on computers with Chinese homegrown Phytium/KunPeng ARM processors and NeoKylin Linux operating system, though later also available on x86-64 on [https://www.ubuntukylin.com/index-en.html Ubuntu Kylin]. KMRE is not designed with third-party applications outside its app store and in fact, force installing third-party apps breaks older versions of KMRE. It's the go-to solution if you are restricted to working with these kinds of computers due to national security reasons. See [[Android_emulators#KMRE|KMRE section]] for more information.
* Vita2hos is an early compatibility layer for Nintendo Switch that runs PlayStation Vita applications natively. Only able to load simple test homebrews such as vita-8 as of December 2022. Appears to only be developed every once in a while.

==Shims==
Shim is a library that transparently intercepts API calls and changes the arguments passed, handles the operation itself or redirects the operation elsewhere. Shims can be used to support an old API in a newer environment, or a new API in an older environment. Shims can also be used for running programs on different software platforms than they were developed for. [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators#Recommended_solutions|the EmulateHeap compatibility shim broke on Windows 11 22H2, and Win32 API changes in 24H2 have messed up games that rely on quirky behavior]].

==See also==
* [[Wrappers]] - Translate a specific API to another.

==External links==
* [https://box86.org/2024/08/box64-and-risc-v-in-2024/ Box64 and RISC-V in 2024] - What it takes to run The Witcher 3 on RISC-V.

[[Category:Compatibility layers|*]]

----
{{NEL}}

Broadcast and cable communication systems

2025-07-31T10:30:57Z

Emunix: Addition of MAC

[[File:Broadcast, Cable network and Online distributors.png|thumb|298px|Broadcast vs Cable network vs Online distributors]]

Signal distribution and reception systems encompass methods for delivering audio and video content to audiences through [[Wikipedia:broadcast communication network|broadcast communication networks]]. Terrestrial radio waves to internet-based platforms; with historical and modern approaches including terrestrial broadcasting, cable television, satellite broadcasting, and Internet Protocol-based services; broadcasting has shifted toward IP-based workflows (e.g., SMPTE ST 2110), mobile-first delivery via 5G, and AI for automation and personalization. Streaming’s dominance and cloud-based production are reshaping traditional models, with LEO satellites like Starlink expanding broadband support for content delivery. This page explores these methods, their historical development, and potential mimicking/simulation solutions.

;Terrestrial Broadcasting
Terrestrial broadcasting, also known as over-the-air (OTA) broadcasting, transmits audio and video content via radio waves from land-based stations to a wide audience, received through antennas.
:'''Television''': Terrestrial TV stations broadcast signals received by household or portable antennas. Historically analog, most regions transitioned to digital formats like Digital Television (DTV) and the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standard by the early 2000s (e.g., U.S. in 2009). ATSC 3.0, introduced in the 2020s, supports 4K resolution, HDR, and mobile delivery. Examples include local stations and network affiliates like ABC, CBS, and NBC.
:'''Radio''': Terrestrial radio uses analog systems, primarily Amplitude Modulation (AM), which varies signal strength, and Frequency Modulation (FM), which varies frequency for better quality but requires more bandwidth. Digital standards like HD Radio (U.S.) and DAB/DAB+ (Europe) have enhanced audio quality and channel capacity since the 2000s.

::''Infrastructure: Requires broadcast towers and transmitters to send radio waves, often located in high-elevation areas for maximum coverage.''
::''Equipment: Receivers include TV antennas (e.g., rooftop or indoor) for television and AM/FM radios for audio. Digital TV requires ATSC-compatible tuners, often built into modern TVs.''
::''Subscription: Typically free for viewers with appropriate equipment, though some regions require TV licenses (e.g., BBC in the UK).''

;Cable Television
Cable television delivers programming through radio frequency (RF) signals over coaxial or hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks to subscribers’ homes. Originating in the 1940s to extend broadcast signals, cable TV expanded with dedicated channels by the 1980s and digital transmission by the 1990s. Subscribers use [[Set-top_box_emulators|set-top boxes (STBs)]] or [[Smart_TV_emulators#Non-smart_TVs|integrated tuners]] to decode signals, typically requiring a subscription. As of 2025, cable TV serves 68.7 million U.S. subscribers but faces declining viewership due to streaming services, holding 24.1% of TV viewership. Also see [[Early online services]].

::''Infrastructure: Extensive physical networks of coaxial or HFC cables connect broadcast centers to households, requiring maintenance and upgrades for digital and high-speed services.''
::''Equipment: Subscribers need [[Set-top_box_emulators|set-top boxes (STBs)]] or cable cards to decode signals, with modern TVs often including built-in tuners. Modems may be required for integrated internet services.''
::''Subscription: Requires monthly subscriptions, often tiered for channel packages (e.g., basic, premium). Bundled services include internet and VoIP.''

;Satellite Broadcasting
Satellite broadcasting uses geostationary or low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to transmit signals, offering broader channel selections and exclusive content like live sports.
:'''Satellite TV''': Providers like DirecTV and Dish Network deliver signals via dish antennas and receivers, requiring subscriptions. Popular in areas with limited terrestrial or cable access, satellite TV’s market share is declining due to streaming competition.
:'''Satellite Radio''': Operating under Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS), satellite radio (e.g., SiriusXM) provides digital audio to subscribers via specialized receivers, often in vehicles, since the early 2000s.

::''Infrastructure: Satellites in orbit, ground uplink stations to form the network, with LEO systems like Starlink emerging for broadband support.''
::''Equipment: Requires satellite dishes and receivers (e.g., [[Set-top_box_emulators|set-top boxes]] for TV, specialized radios for audio) to decode signals.''
::''Subscription: Typically requires monthly subscriptions for access, with tiered packages for premium or exclusive content.''

;Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and Streaming Services
Internet-based delivery uses Internet Protocol (IP) to transmit content over managed or public networks.
:'''IPTV''': Managed services like AT&T U-verse deliver live TV over private networks, "focusing" quality of service for subscribers, often bundled with internet and VoIP.
:'''Streaming Services''': Over-the-top (OTT) platforms like Netflix, Disney+, and Amazon Prime Video deliver on-demand and live content over the public internet. By 2025, streaming accounts for 44.8% of U.S. TV viewership.

::''Infrastructure: Relies on mobile delivery/cellular or broadband internet infrastructure for IPTV or Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) for streaming.''
::''Equipment: Requires internet-connected devices like smart TVs, computers, smartphones, or streaming sticks (e.g., Roku, Amazon Fire TV). IPTV may need provider-specific [[Set-top_box_emulators|STBs]].''
::''Subscription: IPTV typically requires subscriptions via telecom providers. Streaming services offer subscription-based (e.g., Netflix), ad-supported (e.g., YouTube), or free models.''

=Simulators=
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scole="col"|Platform(s)
! scole="col"|Years(s)
! scole="col"|Region(s)
! scole="col"|[[#Enhancements|Enhancements]]
! scope="col"|Active
|-
|[https://www.myretrotvs.com/ MyRetroTVs]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|'50s, '60s, '70s, '80s, '90s, '00s
|United States of America
|{{~}} ||{{✓}}[https://www.reddit.com/r/InternetIsBeautiful/comments/tddl61/comment/i0psmp1/ *]
|-
|[https://swimelodeon.com/ swimelodeon]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|'90s
|United States of America
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|-
|[https://www.toonamiaftermath.com/ Toonami Aftermath]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|'90s, '00s
|United States of America
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|-
|[https://retroblast.tv/ RetroBlast]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|'90s, '00s
|United States of America
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|-
|[https://swimrewind.com/ Swimrewind]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|?
|United States of America
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|-
|[https://mistwx.com/ mistwx]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|'80s, '90s, '00s
|United States of America
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|-
|[https://weatherstar.netbymatt.com/ WeatherStar 4000+]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|'90s
|United States of America
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|-
|[https://radio.garden/ radio.garden]
|align=left|{{Icon|Web}}
|Live
|Global
|{{?}} ||{{?}}
|}

*There are streamers out there doing a similar job such as [https://vaughn.live/thatsodisney ThatsSoDisney] for 90s/2000s Disney Channel, [https://vaughn.live/nickpicks NickPicks] for 90s/2000s Nickelodeon, [https://www.twitch.tv/grupstra0 4GTV] for Classic G4, [https://www.twitch.tv/90srewind https://www.twitch.tv/90srewind] for primarily Nickelodeon, [https://vaughn.live/cartoonnetwork24 CartooNetwork24] for Cartoon Network, [https://vaughn.live/90scartooncentral 90sCartoonCentral] for general cartoons or [https://www.twitch.tv/sftv444 SFTV], [https://www.twitch.tv/90sand2000snostalgia 90sAnd2000sNostalgia] for general.
*There are IPTV channels such as [https://thetvapp.to/tv/metv-toons-live-stream/ MeTV Toons] for Classic Cartoons.
*There are YouTube channels such as [https://youtube.com/@fuzzymemoriestv?si=wzcv2No%E2%80%94gIDJeBv The Museum of Classic Television Chicago], [https://youtube.com/@shoutstudios?si=-uZIOg6C306_FlbB Shout TV] and much more.

;Comparison
[[File:MyRetroTVs - 1996 news.JPG|thumb|298px|MyRetroTVs - 1996 news]]
;MyRetroTVs: This website is for watching captured footage from TV channels or various videos from the eras of the '50s to '00s, eliminates the need for handpicking videos and creating a personal collection, which can be time-consuming and require a significant amount of storage space. This website simply gathers videos from specific sources such as YouTube playlists etc, so we can say that this website offers a simulated experience of watching TV channels from during those specific eras. It also supports some basic [[#Enhancements]]. While this is a great way to experience retro television, there's room for even deeper immersion. For example adding surfing channel collections playlists, this could be achieved by integrating with Archive.org's vast collection of VHS TV channel surfing captures. Also integration with [[Virtual_reality#VR_game_room_simulations|EmuVR]], perhaps with some kind of support for playlists support for libretro core, could be a great next step too.
;swimelodeon: This website is for watching '90s Nicktoons, original Adult Swim, old-school cartoons and anime. placeholder text
;Toonami Aftermath: Anime, cartoon network, also has Nick/MTV/Movie channels.
;RetroBlast: Cartoon Network/Anime.
;Swimrewind: Adult Swim.
;mistwx: This website is for watching simulations that recreate The Weather Channel's WeatherStar broadcasts from the '80s to '00s as seen on the Local on the 8's segment or on the now defunct Weatherscan network.
;WeatherStar 4000+: This website is for watching simulations that recreate The Weather Channel's WeatherStar 4000 local broadcasts which aired during the '90s up to the '10s on some cable affliates.

=Enhancements=
<div style="overflow-x:auto;width:100%">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;width:100%"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan=2 | Name
! MyRetroTVs
|-
| rowspan=4 | Post-Processing
| [[Shaders_and_filters|Filters]]
| {{✓}}
|-
| [[Shaders_and_filters#AI-powered filters|AI-powered filter compatible]] ([https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/news/gfecnt/nvidia-freestyle-ansel-enhancements-geforce-experience-article/ Freestyle])
| {{?}}
|-
| [[Shader_Presets|Shader Chain]]
| {{~}}<abbr title="Overlay/bezel support only.">*</abbr>
|-
|[[High_dynamic_range#Inverse_tone_mapping|Inverse tone mapping compatible]]
| {{?}}
|-
| rowspan=8 | Quality of life
| Rewind
| {{?}}
|-
| Fast-Forward/Turbo Speed
| {{?}}
|-
| Savestates
| {{?}}
|-
| Video recording
| {{?}}
|-
| User Profile
| {{✗}}
|-
| Command Line Options
| {{?}}
|-
| Built-in [http://forum.arcadecontrols.com/index.php/topic,106405 Custom resolution/CRTSwitchRes] For using this on Windows OS you need [http://geedorah.com/eiusdemmodi/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=1009#p1009 CRT Emudriver]. Another option is using EDID editor tool such as "Custom Resolution Utility".
| colspan=11 | Exclusive to [https://docs.libretro.com/guides/crtswitchres/ libretro cores] and [[GroovyMAME]] at the moment. Also there is a [https://github.com/psakhis/Groovy_MiSTer project] for achieving software emulators like libretro cores and GroovyMAME send the raw RGB data over a network to a core running on MiSTer, it basically turns the MiSTer into a GPU for the emulator allowing for easy setup and use with CRT TVs/Arcade monitors.
|-
| [[Frontends#Graphical_User_Interfaces_.28GUIs.29|Big Picture Mode]]
| {{?}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | Misc
| [[Netplay|Netplay]] or [https://syncplay.pl/ SyncPlay]
| {{?}}
|-
| AI Service With the help of <abbr title="optical character recognition">OCR</abbr> and other techniques, the AI service can provide a live translation of a video, or text-to-speech capabilities for the visually impaired among other things, either on demand or automatically.
| colspan=11 | Exclusive to [https://docs.libretro.com/guides/ai-service/ libretro cores] at the moment. So there is no support at the moment.
|-
| [[Virtual_reality#VR_game_room_simulations|EmuVR support]]
| colspan=11 | Exclusive to [https://www.emuvr.net/wiki/Installation_Guide#Downloads libretro cores] at the moment. So there is no support at the moment.
|}
</div>

=Broadcast television systems=
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

==Analog Television Systems==
During the [[First_and_second_generations_of_video_game_consoles|1st and 2nd generation of video game consoles]], RF connection was the only way to connect a video game console to a TV. During the 3rd generation some consoles such as the NES had separate outputs for unmodulated signals and all consoles had the option by the 4th generation. By the 5th generation, composite video became the standard form of connecting a video game console
;NTSC
:'''[[wikipedia:NTSC|NTSC]]''' was the first color television system to be widely adopted, NTSC works by transmitting a high frequency color signal on top of the legacy black and white image, the amplitude of this signal determines the saturation while the phase determines hue, this is a property that many early consoles and home computers took advantage of. Every nation using the NTSC system also used a 59.94hz field rate. Many [[NTSC filters|filters]] exist to replicate this display on emulators.
;PAL
:'''[[wikipedia:PAL|PAL]]''' was created in Germany as a response to NTSC's susceptibility to hue fluctuations during poor reception conditions. The difference from NTSC is that the phase is inverted every other line, causing phase errors to cancel out, causing a less objectionable drop in saturation instead. The color signal is also in a higher frequency than NTSC, thanks to the larger channel bandwidth on European channel allocations. PAL was almost always used with a 50hz field rate.
;PAL-M
:'''[[wikipedia:PAL-M|PAL-M]]''' was only used in Brazil and should not be confused with PAL-60. PAL-M uses PAL encoding on NTSC channel allocations, as such the frequency of the color signal is lower than that of regular PAL, close but not the same as NTSC. As with NTSC PAL-M used a 59.94hz field rate.
;SECAM
:'''[[wikipedia:SECAM|SECAM]]''' (also written as ''' SÉCAM''' ) was developed in France for similar reasons as PAL. Unlike NTSC and PAL, which transmits a full color signal each line, SECAM alternates between two axes of the color signal, making a delay line mandatory for decoding (hence the name which translates roughly as Sequential color with memory). Also unlike NTSC and PAL this signal is frequency modulated, which makes it more robust to transmission errors. Aside from France, SECAM was used by the Soviet Union and its satellite states. For this reason SECAM is rarely found on video game consoles, most often opting to use a RGB SCART cable instead (in some cases such as the NES, the RGB signal comes from an internal PAL decoder, hence not being "pure" RGB). Rare exceptions are the [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/258613-atari-2600-secam/ French Atari 2600] and [https://www.smspower.org/forums/13939-SovietUSSRRussianMasterSystemWithNoCardSlot Soviet Sega Master System]
;MAC
:''' [[wikipedia:Multiplexed Analogue Components|MAC]]''' ('''Multiplexed AnalogueComponents'''), was created in UK and Europe by IBA and EBU in the eighties where it was used for SDTV/EDTV/HDTV transmissions as well as LaserDisc and S-VHS. Variants are A-MAC, B-MAC, C-MAC, D-MAC, D2-MAC, E-MAC, non-broadcast versions such as S-MAC, T-MAC and ACLE and even HD variant known as HD-MAC. MAC alongside MUSE works in a completely different manner from the above systems and was never used for any video game console, and is only mentioned here as it was still an analog system :)
;MUSE
:''' [[wikipedia:Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding|MUSE]]''' ('''Multiple sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding'''), also known commercially as Hi-Vision (high definition television) was created in Japan by NHK in the eighties where it was used for HDTV transmissions as well as LaserDisc and W-VHS. MUSE alongside MAC works in a completely different manner from the above systems and was never used for any video game console (aside from Hi-Ten Bomberman), and is only mentioned here as it was still an analog system :)
:[https://archive.org/details/draculas-haunted-castle-1996-1080i-hd-60-fps-hdvs-cg-showscan-ride-video-bx-xjrcurtm Samples]

;Comparison table
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! System
! Refresh rate
! Chroma subcarrier frequency
! Usage
! Effect of phase errors
|-
| NTSC
| 59.94
| 3.58 MHz
| Most of the Americas, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan
| Color shifts
|-
| PAL
| 50
| 4.43 MHz
| Most of Europe, Australia, New Zealand
| Desaturation
|-
| PAL-60
| 59.94
| 4.43 MHz
| 60Hz modes in PAL regions, never used in broadcasting
| Desaturation
|-
| PAL-M
| 59.94
| 3.58 MHz
| Brazil
| Desaturation
|-
| SECAM
| 50
|
| France
| Immune
|}

;Analog Hidden Signals
:;Extended Data Services: XDS is a protocol used in analog television broadcasting to transmit additional information like program name, rating, or network name in the vertical blanking interval (VBI) of a TV signal.
:;Wide Screen Signaling: WSS involves embedding digital metadata within the analog TV signal to inform the television whether the content is formatted for 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratios, allowing for appropriate display adjustments.
:;Vertical interval timecode: VITC is a method to encode timecode data in the vertical blanking interval of video signals, allowing for synchronization and frame-accurate editing in video production. It's especially useful for slow tape speeds on analog formats.
:;Vertical interval test signals: These signals are used in analog television to check and adjust the quality of the broadcast signal. They are inserted during the vertical blanking interval and include patterns for testing aspects like color, linearity, and synchronization.
:;Video Encoded Invisible Light: VEIL is a technology for embedding digital data into the luminance of video signals. It's been used for applications like interactive TV, DRM, or controlling toys, where the data is invisible to viewers but readable by devices.
:;Vertical blanking interval: The vertical blanking interval (VBI) is a portion of the television signal where the electron beam in CRTs is turned off to return to the top of the screen. It's used to transmit data like closed captions, teletext, or VITC without affecting the displayed image.
:;Programme delivery control: PDC is a system primarily used in Europe for controlling video recorders, allowing them to start and stop recording based on broadcast schedules, using data encoded in the VBI.
:;Ghost-canceling reference: A GCR signal is used in analog TV to combat ghost images (echoes of the main signal caused by reflections). It's transmitted in the VBI to help receivers adjust for better picture quality.
:;Electronic programming guides: These are systems that provide viewers with on-screen listings of current and upcoming TV programs, often transmitted in the VBI in analog systems or digitally in modern setups.
:;Copy Generation Management System – Analog: See [[Copy protection]] page.
:;Captioning: Captioning involves adding text to video broadcasts to display dialogue, sound effects, and other auditory information visually, typically embedded in the VBI for analog TV.
:;Teletext: Teletext is a system for transmitting text and simple graphics within the vertical blanking interval of a TV signal, offering services like news, weather, and program schedules, accessible through a TV's remote control.
[[File:Zxnet_teletext_viewer.JPG|thumb|298px|Zxnet's teletext viewer]]
::;Emulation
::{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Active
|-
|[https://zxnet.co.uk/teletext/emulators/ zxnet]
|{{✓}}
|-
|[https://bbc.xania.org/?&model=BTeletext&embedBasic=*TELETEXT%0A Teletext-capable version of JSBeeb]
|{{?}}
|-
|[https://pagesfromceefax.azurewebsites.net/ PagesFromCeefax]
|{{?}}
|}

==Digital Television Systems==
Transmission of television signals using digital encoding, contrasting with the earlier analog television technology which utilized analog signals. At the time of its development, DTV was considered an innovative leap forward, marking the first significant evolution in television technology since the introduction of color television in the '50s.

The transition from analog to digital broadcasting started around 2000. This shift has led to the adoption of various digital television standards across the globe:
# Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Utilizes coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and supports hierarchical transmission. It's adopted in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, covering approximately 60 countries.
#Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC): Employs eight-level vestigial sideband (8VSB) for terrestrial broadcasting. It has been adopted by nine countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, South Korea, Bahamas, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Suriname.
#Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB): Designed for both fixed and mobile reception, using OFDM and two-dimensional interleaving. It supports hierarchical transmission of up to three layers with MPEG-2 video and Advanced Audio Coding. Japan and the Philippines use this standard, while ISDB-T International, adapted with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, has been adopted in most of South America, as well as Botswana and Angola.
#Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB): Employs time-domain synchronous (TDS) OFDM technology, where a pseudo-random signal frame serves as both the guard interval (GI) of the OFDM block and the training symbol. This standard is in use in China, including Hong Kong and Macau.
#Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB): Developed in South Korea, this technology allows for the transmission of multimedia content like TV, radio, and data to mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and GPS navigation systems.

;Digital Hidden Signals
:;Electronic programming guides: In digital broadcasting, electronic programming guides (EPGs) provide viewers with interactive on-screen listings of TV programs, including detailed descriptions, schedules, and the ability to set reminders or record shows, transmitted within the digital broadcast stream.
:;DVB Content Protection & Copy Management: see [[copy protection]] page.
:;Captioning: Digital captioning involves embedding text data within the digital TV signal for displaying subtitles or closed captions, offering features like multiple language support, text styling, and positioning, which are more flexible and richer than in analog systems.
:;Broadcast flag: The broadcast flag is a bit in the digital TV signal metadata intended to control whether the content can be copied or redistributed. When set, it signals devices to restrict copying of the content, though its implementation and acceptance varied by region.
:;Active Format Description: AFD is metadata within the digital video signal that tells the display device how to handle the aspect ratio of the content, ensuring that the video is displayed correctly on various screen formats without cropping or letterboxing unintentionally.
:;Teletext: In digital broadcasting, teletext continues to be supported through digital teletext or subtitling services, where text and basic graphics are transmitted as part of the digital multiplex, offering services similar to the analog version but with enhanced capabilities due to the digital nature of the signal.

=Radio receiver=
{{placeholder text}}

=Recordings of Broadcast Television=
Early TV was broadcast live. Different means were invented for recording a broadcast.

;Professional formats
:'''Telerecordings''', also known as '''Kinescopes''', were means of recording a television program onto film. In 50hz territories, the film ran at 25fps and was synchronised with the image being drawn on a CRT. The image was slightly defocused to avoid recording a scanline structure, as that would beat against scanline structure of the telecine (a device used for transferring film to video) causing moire. Telerecordings were always in black and white, as the shadow mask used on color CRTs would cause moire when superimposed on the grain structure of color film. However, some telerecordings were made without filtering out the PAL subcarrier, which allowed [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/11/digital-video-restoration-dad-s-army modern methods to recover the "buried" color signal].
:'''Quadruplex''' by Ampex was the first commercially successful format for recording video, released in 1956. Because a video signal requires significantly higher bandwidth than audio, and the tape speed needed for achieving such a bandwidth was impractical to achieve with linear recording (such as on an audio tape). The solution was to have a set of four magnetic heads rotating as 2 inch tape passed by them, hence the name '''Quad'''ruplex, as a result the effective tape speed was over 1500 ips, or 100 times the linear tape speed. Audio was still recorded linearly. As technology progressed, smaller less cumbersome format took its place.
:Sony's '''U-matic''', released in 1971, was the first video format to store the tape inside a cassette instead of on a reel that required manual threading. While it never caught on as a home format due to its high price, it became popular for industrial and educational use. It also found significant use in newsgathering.

;Home formats
:While home ''video'' recording remained out of reach for two decades, home ''audio'' recording was a different matter. A number of otherwise lost programs exist in audio form due to watchers recording their favorite shows onto audio tapes, often by simply putting a microphone near the TV's speaker. More inventive persons would tape the audio signal electronically from the TV.
:Several home video formats came out in the 1970s, however the two most important ones were Sony's '''Betamax''' (not to be confused with Betacam, which was a later professional format) and JVC's '''VHS''' in 1975 resp. 1976. While Betamax had a headstart, VHS came out victorious.

There are [[Preservation projects|preservation efforts]] by [https://radiopreservation.org/ Radio Preservation Task Force], [https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/about-this-program/ National Recording Preservation Board] and [http://arsc-audio.org/ Association of Recorded Sound Collections] dedicated to project operates in fulfillment of the “to develop an online inventory of extant American radio archival collections.” [https://database.radiopreservation.org/ Over 2000 radio collections] are linked in this database and more to come. Lots of recordings and captures preserved on Archive.org as well, such as: [https://archive.org/details/radioprograms Radio Show and Programs Archive]. See [[Ripping_games#Tape.2Fcasette|Tape/casette ripping guide]].

=See also=
*[[Preservation projects]]
*[[:Category:Online_Services|Online and Discontinued Online Services]]
*[[Set-top box emulators]]
*[[Virtual_reality#VR_game_room_simulations|Game Room Simulations]]
*[[Auto-load next disc]]
*[[Arcade LaserDisc emulators#Comparisons]] - Domesday Duplicator project and difference between captures for Daphne/Singe and dumps for MAME.
*[[Copy protection]]
*[[Analog computers]]
*[[Literature]]

[[:Category:Media_Players|Home media or media content playback focused devices]]
*[[Home Media Player]]
*[[Portable_Media_Players|Portable media players]]
*[[Smart_TV_emulators|Smart TVs, DVRs, smart TV boxes/digital media players/media boxes, smart blu-ray players]]

=External links=
*[https://old.reddit.com/r/RetroTVRevival/ Reddit /r RetroTVRevival]
*[[Wikipedia:Broadcasting]]
*[[Wikipedia:Broadcast television systems]]
*[[Wikipedia:Digital terrestrial television]]
*[[Wikipedia:Radio broadcasting]]
*[https://archive.org/ Archive.org]
*{{YouTubeVideo|k_BkD85yIg0|wrongdog reckons: My Nostalgia Machine - Recreating 80's broadcast TV with a Raspberry Pi}} - recreating over-the-air broadcast television the way he remember it from his childhood. In this video, He will wax nostalgic about the old-days and then show you how he built that simulator and talk about how it works. He use a Raspberry Pi 5, a Raspberry Pico, an old aerial rotator box and some custom code to create an accurate simulation of TV in the late 70s and early 80s. The source code for this project can be found [https://github.com/shane-mason/FieldStation42 here], more details on the project can be found [https://hackaday.io/project/198076-fieldstation42-ota-tv-simulator here].
*{{YouTubeVideo|So2tNhuiuB0|VWestLife: Analog TV was smarter than you think}}

[[Category:Preservation]]
[[Category:Not really emulators]]
[[Category:Online services]]
[[Category:Discontinued online services]]

FS-UAE

2025-05-08T09:53:05Z

Emunix:

{{Infobox emulator
|title = FS-UAE
|logo = FS-UAE_thumb.png
|logowidth = 100px
|developer = Toni Wilen (WinUAE), Frode Solheim
|version = {{Version|FS-UAE}}
|active = No
|platform = [[Emulators on Windows|Windows]] [[Emulators on macOS|macOS]] [[Emulators on Linux|Linux]] [[Emulators on BSD|FreeBSD]] [[Emulators on BSD|OpenBSD]]
|architecture =
|target = [[Amiga Line|Amiga]]
|compatibility =
|accuracy =
|website = [https://fs-uae.net/ fs-uae.net]
|prog-lang = {{Proglang|C++}}, {{Proglang|C}}
|support = [https://www.paypal.com/cgi/webscr?cmd=_xclick&no_shipping=1&currency_code=EUR&lc=US&business=fs-uae%40fengestad.no&item_name=Support+FS-UAE+Development PayPal]
|license = {{license|GPLv2}}
|source = [https://github.com/FrodeSolheim/fs-uae GitHub]
}}

'''FS-UAE''' is a free and open-source [[Amiga Line|Amiga emulator]] ported from [[WinUAE]]. It is also available as a [[libretro]] core for [[RetroArch]]. It's no longer maintaned since 2022.

==Download==
{| cellpadding="4"
|-
|align=center|{{Icon|Win|Lin|Mac|BSD}}
|[https://fs-uae.net/download '''Stable releases''']
|-
|align=center|{{Icon|Win|Lin|Mac|BSD}}
|[https://fs-uae.net/download-devel Dev releases]
|}

==Overview==
FS-UAE integrates the most accurate Amiga emulation code available from WinUAE. FS-UAE emulates A500, A500+, A600, A1200, A1000, A3000 and A4000 models, but you can tweak the hardware configuration and create customized Amigas. It is available in multiple languages including the launcher. It supports features such as video synchronisation for 50/60hz monitors, joystick/gamepad recognition, OpenGL video options and cross-platform online play. FS-UAE supports emulation for high-end Amigas such as the Amiga 4000 with an CPU as fast as your system can emulate it. It also has support for emulating the CyberStorm PPC (and Blizzard PPC) which means that you can run the latest AmigaOS.

==External links==
* [https://fs-uae.net/docs Documentation]

[[Category:Emulators]]
[[Category:Computer emulators]]
[[Category:Console emulators]]
[[Category:Home console emulators]]
[[Category:Amiga emulators]]
[[Category:Windows emulation software]]
[[Category:macOS emulation software]]
[[Category:Linux emulation software]]
[[Category:Inactive emulation software]]

FS-UAE

2025-05-08T09:49:23Z

Emunix: FS-UAE is no longer active or unmaintaned

Amiga line

2025-05-08T09:45:26Z

Emunix: FS-UAE is no longer active or unmaintaned

{{Infobox system
|title = Amiga line
|logo = A1000.jpg
|logowidth = 280px
|developer = [[Commodore]]
|type=[[:Category:Computers|Home computer]], [[:Category:Home consoles|Home video game console]]
|release=1985 (Amiga) 1991 (CDTV) 1993 (Amiga CD32)
|discontinued=1996 (Amiga) 1994 (Amiga CD32)
|predecessor=[[Commodore 64 emulators|Commodore 64]], [[Commodore 128 emulators|Commodore 128]], MAX Machine, Commodore 64 Games System
|emulated = {{✓}}
}}

{{for|other emulators that run on AmigaOS|Emulators on Amiga}}

The '''Amiga''' is a series of computers released by [[wikipedia:Commodore_International|Commodore]] starting in 1985. It was a very powerful and capable machine for its time, featuring a [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#68k_CPUs|Motorola 68000]] and custom chips dedicated to IO, sound, graphics and more. This family of computers became quite popular, especially in Europe, spawning a huge library of games over time. Due to its superior graphics capabilities compared to its contemporaries, it was widely used in the desktop video, video production, and show control business, leading to video editing systems such as the Video Toaster. It was even used by skate companies to edit their videos.

The later Amigas failed to advance vastly on the old models, and the family lost its gain to newer video game consoles and other PC architectures. Eventually, Commodore went bankrupt, and production of Amiga hardware and games has been on the decline since. Despite this, there are still a handful of loyal Amiga users today. Software continues to be developed for the classic machines, as well as a newer line of [[wikipedia:PowerPC|PowerPC]]-based Amigas released in the 2000s and beyond.

The Amiga was a tremendously complex machine, with multiple revisions to its hardware and system software. This can make emulation quite tricky, as figuring out the requirements for any specific game can be fairly difficult.

A commercial package exists, "Amiga Forever", from Cloanto, which elides past many of the complexities of Amiga emulation. It includes fully licensed ROMs, system disks, and (for applicable machines) hard drive OS images for every model that Commodore shipped. The package itself is effectively a very sophisticated frontend for WinUAE and WinFellow but comes with pre-configured setups for many games. If you have sufficient expertise, you can manually do everything it's doing, but it's pretty convenient even for experts. It's also the easiest way to get legal copies of the original system ROMs.

==Emulators==
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|[[libretro]]
! scope="col"|[https://retroachievements.org/gameSearch.php?o=0&p=0&i=35 Retro Achievements]
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
! colspan="8"|PC / x86
|-
|[[FS-UAE]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[http://fs-uae.net/download {{FS-UAEVer}}]
|{{✗}}([https://github.com/libretro/libretro-fsuae WIP]) ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[WinUAE]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://eab.abime.net/forumdisplay.php?f=5 {{WinUAEVer}}beta builds] [http://www.winuae.net/download {{WinUAEVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/puae/ PUAE_libretro]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}}[https://docs.libretro.com/library/puae/#features *] ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://dirkwhoffmann.github.io/vAmiga/ vAmiga]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS|Web}}
|[https://github.com/dirkwhoffmann/vAmiga/releases {{vAmigaVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} {{License|MPL2}} {{License|MIT}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[http://blitterstudio.com/amiberry Amiberry]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS|Linux|LiA}}
|[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry/releases {{AmiberryVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|Petunia
|align=left|{{Icon|AmigaOS}}
|[http://www.amiga.hu/amigos/rachy/petunia.html V52.2]<ref group=M name=amigaonly>No independent releases. Only released as an integrated part of AmigaOS 4.x .</ref>
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|BlackBox
|align=left|{{Icon|AmigaOS}}
|?<ref group=M name=amigaonly />
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[http://petschau.github.io/WinFellow WinFellow]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/petschau/WinFellow/releases {{WinFellowVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|Denise
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/deniseemu/files/ {{DeniseVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[[BizHawk]] (PUAE_libretro)
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://tasvideos.org/BizHawk/ReleaseHistory {{BizHawkVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✓}} ||{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} {{License|GPL}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[[MAME]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[http://www.mamedev.org/release.html {{MAMEVer}}]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} {{License|BSD3}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[[Clock Signal|CLK]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[https://github.com/TomHarte/CLK/releases {{clkVer}}]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|-
!colspan="8"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/puae/ PUAE_libretro]
|align=left|{{Icon|Android|iOS}}
|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[http://blitterstudio.com/amiberry Amiberry]
|align=left|{{Icon|LiA|macOS|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/midwan/amiberry/releases 5.7.4]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|Uae4arm
|align=left|{{Icon|LiA}}
|[https://github.com/Chips-fr/uae4arm-rpi git]
|{{✓}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|Uae4arm
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=atua.anddev.uae4arm 1.0.3.2][https://github.com/lubomyr/uae4arm git]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{~}}
|-
|Uae4all2
|align=left|{{Icon|Android|Vita}}
|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=atua.anddev.uae4all2 2.3.7.5]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|UAE4ALL
|align=left|{{Icon|Pandora|Linux}}
|[http://repo.openpandora.org/?page=detail&app=uae4all 2.5.3.4]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|UAE4Droid
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.ab.uae 1.13]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|Omega 500
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://emulationrealm.net/downloads/file/3061-omega-500 0.2.3]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{?}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|-
!colspan="8"|Console
|-
|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/puae/ PUAE_libretro]
|align=left|{{Icon|XB1|XboxSXS}}
|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/stable/1.15.0/windows-msvc2019-uwp/x64/RetroArch-msvc2019-UWP_x64.msixbundle UWP libretro core]
|{{✓}} ||{{✓}} ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|WinUAEX
|align=left|{{Icon|Xbox}}
|[https://www.emucr.com/2017/01/winuaex-v19b2.html?m=1 v19b2]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{?}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|Amiga360 (based on P-UAE 2.3.3)
|align=left|{{Icon|Xbox360}}
|[https://digiex.net/threads/amiga360-1-0-download-p-uae-2-3-3-amiga-emulator-for-the-xbox-360.9443 1.0]
|{{✗}} ||{{✗}} ||{{?}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|}
</div>

<references group=M />

===Comparisons===
;[[WinUAE]]
:The most accurate and fully-featured Amiga emulator, but it is Windows-only and complicated to set up. Able to be configured into almost any Amiga configuration imaginable, including the PowerPC acceleration boards via [[QEMU]] and the PC Sidecar via [[PCem]].

;[[FS-UAE]]
:Incorporates the latest and most accurate emulation code from WinUAE and supports most of its features, but is cross-platform and with a much simpler user interface oriented towards common gaming configurations. It has built-in support for direct loading of the WHDLoad format, which greatly simplifies playing games.

;PUAE
:A continuation of E-UAE that is the port of UAE to Unix-like operating systems. It was made into a libretro core and is the primary version of UAE for this purpose.

;WinFellow
:Another emulator with a long history, being initiated shortly after the original UAE. It is Windows-only, as the Linux version XFellow has not been updated since 2003. It primarily focuses on the earliest Amiga models, specifically aiming to run most demoscene from these machines on the modest computers of the time. While it is still usable for this purpose, it is less accurate than UAE and is only recommended if you need the performance boost.

;Denise
:Primarily a C64 emulator, but later versions added support for early Amiga models. It only supports the Amiga 500/1000 but does claim cycle accuracy and has a simple user interface that "just works" for playing games.

==Models==
====[[wikipedia:Amiga_1000|Amiga 1000]]====
The Amiga 1000 was released on July 23, 1985, for {{Inflation|USD|1285|1985}}. It had a Motorola 68000 at 7.16 MHz with 256 KBs of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_2000|Amiga 2000]]====
The Amiga 2000 was released in March of 1987 for {{Inflation|USD|1495|1987}}. It has the same CPU as the 1000 but with 1 MB of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_500|Amiga 500]]====
The Amiga 500 was released in April of 1987 for {{Inflation|USD|699|1987}}. It has the same CPU as the 1000 and 2000 but with 512 KBs of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_2000#amiga2500|Amiga 2500]]====
The Amiga 2500 was released as a marketing name for the Amiga 2000 with a Motorola 68020 or 68030 CPU.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_2000#Amiga1500|Amiga 1500]]====
The Amiga 1500 was the Amiga 2000 for the UK market and was released in 1990 for £999 ({{Inflation|USD|1675|1985}}).

====[[wikipedia:Commodore_CDTV|Commodore CDTV]]====
The Commodore CDTV was an Amiga 500 but for the console market. It was released in March of 1991 and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|999|1991}}.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_3000|Amiga 3000]]====
The Amiga 3000 was released in June 1990 and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|3379|1990}}. It had a Motorola 68030 at 16 MHz, but it could be upgraded to 25 MHz. It had 2 MBs of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_3000T|Amiga 3000T]]====
The Amiga 3000T was released in 1991 and just a 3000 but with a tower case. Hence the T in the name. It retailed for {{Inflation|USD|4498|1991}}.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_3000UX|Amiga 3000UX]]====
The Amiga 3000UX was released in 1990 and was really just the 3000 but with the new Amiga Unix.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_500_Plus|Amiga 500+]]====
The Amiga 500+ was released in 1991 and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|465.84|1991}}. It had the same CPU as 1000, 2000, and 500. It had 1 MB of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_600|Amiga 600]]====
The Amiga 600 was released in March 1992 and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|500|1992}}. It had the same specs as the 500+.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_4000|Amiga 4000]]====
The Amiga 4000 was released in 1992 and retailed for {{Inflation|USD|3699|1992}}. Motorola 68EC030 or 68040 at 25 MHz with 2 MBs of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_1200|Amiga 1200]]====
The Amiga 1200 was released on October 21, 1992, for {{Inflation|USD|500|1992}}. It had a Motorola 68EC020 at 14.32 MHz with 2 MBs of RAM.

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_CD32|Amiga CD32]]====
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32 Amiga CD32] is an Amiga 1200-based console that came with a CD-ROM drive and was first released in September 1993. It could also be upgraded to mimic an Amiga 1200 PC by equipping it with third-party add-ons like a keyboard, floppy drive, hard drive, RAM and a mouse. A hardware MPEG decompression module for playing Video CDs was also released.

=====CD32 emulation=====
Worthwhile emulators to try for emulating Amiga CD32: 
* [[WinUAE]]
* [[FS-UAE]]
* Akiko
* Amiga Forever (CD collection)

See more information about emulation of the Amiga CD32 below:
* [https://thecakeisaliegaming.wordpress.com/2016/01/29/amiga-cd32-emulation-guide/ Amiga CD32 emulation guide] (thecakeisaliegaming.wordpress.com. steviegill (cakeisaliegaming) / January 29, 2016.)
* [http://www.emutopia.com/index.php/emulators/item/275-commodore-amiga-cd32/244-akiko Akiko emulator] (Emutopia. CD32/CDTV adapted version of the WinUAE emulator for Windows.)
* [https://superuser.com/questions/13715/is-there-a-usable-amiga-cd32-emulator Is there a usable Amiga CD32 Emulator?] (superuser.com's Q&A thread. Jul 27, 2009.)

====[[wikipedia:Amiga_4000T|Amiga 4000T]]====
The Amiga 4000T was released in 1994 and had a 68040 CPU at 25 MHz with 2 MBs of RAM.

==Emulation of PowerPC Amiga and AmigaOS 4==
PowerPC-based Amiga computers were made by a few different enterprises under the license of Commodore International after its demise. They come with a new version of AmigaOS, AmigaOS 4.x, which only runs on PowerPC-based Amiga hardware or Motorola 68K-based Amiga computers with extra PowerPC acceleration boards.

[[QEMU]] supports emulation of [https://www.acube-systems.biz/index.php?page=hardware&pid=5 Sam460ex] motherboard manufactured by ACube Systems, which is officially supported by AmigaOS 4.1, but usability is yet to be determined.

[[FS-UAE]] and [[WinUAE]] can emulate the PowerPC acceleration board, so it could also run AmigaOS 4.x if a compatible PowerPC acceleration board such as [http://8bitplus.co.uk/articles/amiga-blizzard-ppc/ Blizzard PPC] has been properly configured. Extra ROM files are required to emulate these acceleration boards.

==68K Amiga emulation on PowerPC Amiga and AmigaOS 4==
AmigaOS 4.x comes with 2 68K Amiga emulators: BlackBox and Petunia, and they will automatically start when trying to run old 68K-based Amiga programs.

BlackBox is an interpretive emulator. Thus the emulation speed is mediocre but provides lower input latency and better compatibility; Petunia uses dynamic recompilation to speed up emulation but consumes more memory and with less compatibility.

Petunia could be disabled entirely on boot to save memory or only for certain programs that are not compatible with it. Check [https://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/UserDoc:How_AmigaOS_Works#Motorola_680x0_Emulators AmigaOS 4 Documentation] for more information.

AmigaOS 4.x never make use of real 68K hardware, even when running on an actual 68K-based Commodore Amiga with the PowerPC acceleration board.

On emulated PowerPC-based Amiga, both emulators run quite slow as it's running an emulator inside an emulator, causing great performance loss.

==External Links==
'''Amiga CD32:'''
* http://www.generationamiga.com/2017/05/01/all-commodore-amiga-cd32-games-in-one-video/ ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLdC0xHkZYI Video] of almost all CD32 games. All Games. Apr 3, 2017.)

[[Category:Computers]]
[[Category:Consoles]]
[[Category:Home consoles]]
[[Category:Fourth-generation video game consoles]]
[[Category:Fifth-generation video game consoles]]
[[Category:Commodore computers]]
[[Category:Amiga emulators|*]]
[[Category:68000-based]]

Hypervisors

2025-01-05T16:51:19Z

Emunix:

{{WIP}}

A '''[[wikipedia:x86_virtualization|hypervisor]]''' is a program that takes advantage of an architectural quirk in hardware to run emulated software at near-bare-metal speeds, '''running operating systems faster than [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#x86_CPUs|emulators]] especially with [[Wikipedia:X86_virtualization#Hardware-assisted_virtualization|hardware-assisting]]''', this is possible because the processor is designed to execute code in a hierarchy that allows less-privileged software to run almost unmodified. For any instruction in a program that requests more privileges, such as those used by drivers, the hypervisor steps in to emulate the hardware response. But even so running video games still slower than native hardware naturally. There are two types of hypervisors;
# A '''bare-metal hypervisor''', which is the operating system.
# A '''software hypervisor''', the ones many are familiar with. They hook into the kernel of an existing operating system (such as Linux or Windows NT) and run alongside the rest of the software on the system.

Hypervisors are the source of the "host" and "guest" terminology since they help clarify the specific "machine" one refers to; the host is the physical hardware and it manages the guests. Most hypervisors try and support the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) to facilitate virtual appliances which are built for a specific purpose (such as running common server software like WordPress or MediaWiki).

See [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layer|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

==Type 2 hypervisors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
! colspan="6"|PC / x86
|-
|[[QEMU]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[https://www.qemu.org/download/ {{QEMUVer}}] [https://github.com/kjliew/qemu-3dfx qemu-3dfx ($)]
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[VMware Workstation]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|[https://www.vmware.com/content/vmware/vmware-published-sites/us/products/desktop-hypervisor.html {{VMwareWorkstationVer}}]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|VMware Fusion
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://www.vmware.com/content/vmware/vmware-published-sites/us/products/desktop-hypervisor.html {{VMwareFusionVer}}]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://www.parallels.com/ Parallels Desktop]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|18
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[VirtualBox]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Solaris}}
|[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads {{VirtualBoxVer}}]
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
!colspan="6"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|[https://www.parallels.com/ Parallels Desktop]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|18
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://mac.getutm.app/ UTM]
|align=left|{{icon|macOS|iOS}}
|[https://github.com/utmapp/UTM/releases {{UTMVer}}]
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|VMOS
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://www.vmos.com/ 1.0.63]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{?}}
|}

;[[QEMU]]
:A general-purpose emulator that supports a wide range of hardware for use on a multitude of platforms. Used to be a hypervisor by way of KQEMU but has been deprecated in favor of other systems like KVM (a kernel module for Linux and FreeBSD) and HAXM (which is developed by Intel). QEMU has been used to emulate several non-PC x86 machines like [[XQEMU]]/[[Xemu]] for the [[Xbox emulators|Xbox]], and [[Orbital]] for the [[PlayStation 4 emulators|PlayStation 4]]. The non-specific application of QEMU allows emulators like XQEMU and Orbital to function as hypervisors without having to write custom-made drivers.

;[[VirtualBox]]
:Is open source but it has an extension pack that adds features common on modern standard PCs like USB 2.0, 3.0, PXE boot, and hard drive encryption. It is generally the easiest to set up and get running.

;[[VMware Workstation]] Pro
:Is also available for GNU/Linux, though the Windows version has better 3D support because of its native Direct3D implementation. Free for personal use from now on.[https://blogs.vmware.com/workstation/2024/05/vmware-workstation-pro-now-available-free-for-personal-use.html]
:;[[VMware Workstation]] Player
::Formerly VMware Player, it is VMware's free offering but lacks a few features like snapshots.

;UTM
:UTM is full featured system emulator[https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Macintosh_line#PowerPC] and virtual machine for Intel and ARM Macs and iOS devices. Under the hood of UTM is QEMU, so it's essentially a frontend for QEMU and it can do everything QEMU does. Windows (virtualized if the guest OS architecture matches that of the host, emulation if host and guest run on different architectures), PowerPC Macs, SPARC Solaris, etc.[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/1e2vey3/after_initially_rejecting_it_apple_has_approved/ldaod3n/] On Apple Silicon (ARM) Macs virtualization is also available through Apple's own backend (this allows virtualizing current versions of macOS). Does not currently support GPU emulation/virtualization on Windows and therefore lacks support for 3D acceleration (e.g. OpenGL and DirectX)[https://mac.getutm.app/] Keep in mind that UTM SE ("slow edition", for iOS devices that haven't been jailbroken) version uses a threaded interpreter which performs better than a traditional interpreter but still slower than JIT used on macOS and jailbroken iOS devices.[https://github.com/utmapp/UTM?tab=readme-ov-file#utm-se]

;Virtual PC
:Microsoft's original offering for consumers, originally made by Connectix as commercial software until Microsoft made it a free download in 2006. Support ended with the introduction of Hyper-V but the last version can be downloaded [http://www.win3x.org/win3board/viewtopic.php?t=19227&language=en here]. Beware that it may cause issues on newer Windows so it's recommended that it's ran on older versions of Windows. As of modern updates of Windows 10 and Windows 11, it is completely impossible to use it. Hyper-V is the official successor, although it lacks support for guests before Windows XP or Windows Server 2003.

;VMOS
:A program that runs another copy of Android on the current Android system, which would be useful for running multiple copies of the same application simultaneously, running applications that rely on older/newer versions of Android, testing out different Android system variations, or safely executing operations/applications that are likely to harm the system and/or user data.

==Type 1 hypervisors==
Rather than being installed as a standard program in an operating system, Type 1 hypervisors form the operating system used by a computer. Examples include;

* ESXi (commercial hypervisor by VMware)
* Xen (open-source hypervisor developed for the Linux kernel)
* [https://serverfault.com/questions/855094/is-kvm-a-type-1-or-type-2-hypervisor KVM]
* UnRAID (commercial NAS distribution with an integrated hypervisor)
* Hyper-V (commercial hypervisor Microsoft developed for Windows. Requires a Pro, Enterprise, or Education version of Windows 8, 8.1, or 10)
* CHARM (custom type-1 hypervisor designed to run multiple complex devices, peripherals and chipsets on a single, cutting-edge Arm server, allowing to virtualize devices on their native architecture[https://support.corellium.com/charm/])
* [https://github.com/AsahiLinux/m1n1 m1n1] (bootloader for Asahi Linux, also capable as acting as a hypervisor for Linux or macOS)

==Integrations==
Many type 2 hypervisors include some sort of additional software that can be installed in a guest. This software listens to the hypervisor and facilitates communication between the guest and host, allowing for features like automatic screen resizing (where the host measures the height and width of the window and sends an optimal size for the guest to resize the display to), clipboard sharing (where anything copied on the host can be pasted in the guest), shared folders (where a directory on the host can be made available for access from a guest using a built-in file server and a direct network connection to the guest), and mouse integration (where the hypervisor emulates an absolute pointing device like a drawing tablet to give the impression that moving the cursor in and out of the machine's display is seamless). Three hypervisors are known to have them;
* VirtualBox Guest Additions
* VMware Tools (and its open-source counterpart, open-vm-tools)
* SPICE Guest Additions (for use with libvirt and/or QEMU on UNIX/Linux hosts)

==VFIO==
VFIO (short for Virtual Function I/O) is a Linux kernel driver for PCI passthrough. Its appeal is that it works with graphics cards, meaning hypervisors on Linux can bypass graphics emulation for modern Windows games as opposed to having to use compatibility layers and wrappers. The catch is that the system needs;
* An IOMMU (outlined in the VT-d and AMD-Vi specs) with processor and motherboard support
And because the graphics card doesn't get utilized until the guest powers on, that also means;
* A dedicated monitor, a monitor with multiple inputs, and/or a KVM switch (not to be confused with the KVM hypervisor)

If you're using an NVIDIA card, you also need to configure how the graphics card appears to the VM so that NVIDIA's driver doesn't reject the card.

If you're using Windows 10/11 for host OS you can use Hyper-V and GPU-P just like Linux GPU passthrough. [https://github.com/jamesstringerparsec/Easy-GPU-PV#prerequisites jamesstringerparsec's "Easy-GPU-PV" batch script] for making GPU Paravirtualization on Windows Hyper-V easier.

==Hyper-V Subsets==
In May 2019, Windows Subsystem for Linux 2/WSL 2 was announced, introducing important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of Hyper-V features. WSL 2 differs from [[Compatibility_layer|WSL 1]] in that WSL 2 runs inside a managed virtual machine that implements the full Linux kernel (similar to [[Android_emulators#Emulators|Windows Subsystem for Android/WSA]]). As a result, WSL 2 is compatible with more Linux binaries than WSL 1, as not all syscalls were implemented in WSL 1. There are even feature requests such as [https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/7747 Gamepad support].

==Hypervisor issues==
===Graphics===
Hypervisors don't have direct access to the graphics hardware with few exceptions including Virgil/Virtio GPU available in QEMU (only works with Linux guests) and VMWare ESXi GPU passthrough, which means graphics card emulation is less than ideal for video games that use 3D APIs. However, 3D acceleration in hypervisors today is capable of running fairly demanding video games or other 3D applications with a few drawbacks such as limited DirectX API versions. Every hypervisor has a different approach to handling 3D graphics, and most of the time companion programs such as VMware Tools have to be installed in virtualized operating systems. Supports for OpenGL are slightly better than Direct3D since it doesn't have to be reverse engineered, but most Windows games (including ports) use Direct3D.

===[[macOS]]===
There's an ongoing effort to get macOS installations working on hypervisors that run on non-Apple hardware. Such support has historically been low or non-existent since Apple makes no effort to support standard PC hardware. Some people have gotten this to successfully work on KVM/QEMU, with an example/setup guide for Debian/Ubuntu hosts being available [https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM here].

However, running macOS on hypervisors running on actual Mac hardware is natively supported by hypervisor software like Parallels Desktop or VMware Fusion.

===Obscure, Abandoned, Beta or Experimental Operating Systems===
Despite many of the common operating systems including legacy ones such as MS-DOS, OS/2, Novell Netware, etc. are being supported by modern hypervisors, some obscure (e.g. [https://templeos.org/ TempleOS]), abandoned (e.g. [[wikipedia:ja:%E8%B6%85%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97|Chokanji 1~4]]), beta or experimental (e.g. [https://betawiki.net/wiki/Windows_95 Windows "Chicago" Beta]) operating systems may still fall out of the range and having issues, especially when relying on specific hardware configuration or old quirks that no longer presents in modern PC hardware.

Using a low-level [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#x86_CPUs|x86 CPUs]] emulator to run these operating systems may ease out such problems but its significantly slower performance compared to [[Wikipedia:X86_virtualization#Hardware-assisted_virtualization|hardware-assisted]] [[Hypervisors]].

===Sound issues===
VMware (especially newer versions) has sound related issues with some of the legacy guest operating systems like [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators|Windows XP]]. According to user reports, sometimes sound stops working OR it become laggy on guest operating system by launching some applications/games. Sometimes audio gets distorted/crackling noise popping. Also you may experience audio related application/game crashes. Usually restarting guest operating system fixes these kind of issues.

:Reddit thread: [https://old.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/sb4cml/windows_xp_guest_sound_laggy_no_matter_what_in/ Windows XP guest sound laggy]

===ISBRendererComm error with 3D Acceleration===
[[File:VMware ISBRenderer crash.jpeg|thumb|298px|ISBRendererComm crash]]
There was a major change in VMware 16.x in how virtual graphics were handled (sandboxed) and it also added support for DX11 in Windows VMs. But due to these changes users reported lots of crashes lately especially with "3D Acceleration". For more information about these type of errors see [https://communities.vmware.com/t5/VMware-Workstation-Pro/ISBRendererComm-Lost-connection-to-mksSandbox-and-MKS/td-p/2838888 this thread].

===Hyper-V feature conflict issue===
[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/application-management/virtualization-apps-not-work-with-hyper-v Many third-party Type 2 virtualization applications don't work together with Hyper-V feature from 'Control Panel/Windows Features']. Affected applications include "VMware Workstation" and "VirtualBox". These applications might not start virtual machines, or they may fall back to a slower, emulated mode ('''no''' VT-x and nested paging etc.)

Even though some reports consider this issue fixed via [https://www.ubackup.com/enterprise-backup/vmware-workstation-and-hyper-v-are-not-compatible.html recent updates (with VMware 15.5.6 and Windows 10 20H1) and WHP windows feature], user reports shows that it's still there. See [https://old.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/swjp4t/running_vmware_workstation_on_a_hyperv_enabled/ this thread] for more information about this issue. Latest VirtualBox and BlueStacks versions have no problem with Hyper-V feature anymore.

==See also==
;Related to Hypervisors;
* [[Windows_95/98/ME_emulators]]
* [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators]]
* [[MacOS]]
* [[Android_emulators]]
;CPUs and Other chips emulation instead of virtualization;
*[[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips]]

[[Category:Software|*]]

Hypervisors

2025-01-05T16:49:16Z

Emunix:

{{WIP}}

A '''[[wikipedia:x86_virtualization|hypervisor]]''' is a program that takes advantage of an architectural quirk in hardware to run emulated software at near-bare-metal speeds, '''running operating systems faster than [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#x86_CPUs|emulators]] especially with [[Wikipedia:X86_virtualization#Hardware-assisted_virtualization|hardware-assisting]]''', this is possible because the processor is designed to execute code in a hierarchy that allows less-privileged software to run almost unmodified. For any instruction in a program that requests more privileges, such as those used by drivers, the hypervisor steps in to emulate the hardware response. But even so running video games still slower than native hardware naturally. There are two types of hypervisors;
# A '''bare-metal hypervisor''', which is the operating system.
# A '''software hypervisor''', the ones many are familiar with. They hook into the kernel of an existing operating system (such as Linux or Windows NT) and run alongside the rest of the software on the system.

Hypervisors are the source of the "host" and "guest" terminology since they help clarify the specific "machine" one refers to; the host is the physical hardware and it manages the guests. Most hypervisors try and support the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) to facilitate virtual appliances which are built for a specific purpose (such as running common server software like WordPress or MediaWiki).

See [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layer|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

==Type 2 hypervisors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
! colspan="6"|PC / x86
|-
|[[QEMU]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[https://www.qemu.org/download/ {{QEMUVer}}] [https://github.com/kjliew/qemu-3dfx qemu-3dfx ($)]
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[VMware Workstation]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|[https://www.vmware.com/content/vmware/vmware-published-sites/us/products/desktop-hypervisor.html {{VMwareWorkstationVer}}]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|VMware Fusion
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://www.vmware.com/content/vmware/vmware-published-sites/us/products/desktop-hypervisor.html {{VMwareFusionVer}}]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://www.parallels.com/ Parallels Desktop]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|18
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[VirtualBox]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Solaris}}
|[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads {{VirtualBoxVer}}]
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
!colspan="6"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|[https://www.parallels.com/ Parallels Desktop]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|18
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://mac.getutm.app/ UTM]
|align=left|{{icon|macOS|iOS}}
|[https://github.com/utmapp/UTM/releases {{UTMVer}}]
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache 2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|VMOS
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://www.vmos.com/ 1.0.63]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{?}}
|}

;[[QEMU]]
:A general-purpose emulator that supports a wide range of hardware for use on a multitude of platforms. Used to be a hypervisor by way of KQEMU but has been deprecated in favor of other systems like KVM (a kernel module for Linux and FreeBSD) and HAXM (which is developed by Intel). QEMU has been used to emulate several non-PC x86 machines like [[XQEMU]]/[[Xemu]] for the [[Xbox emulators|Xbox]], and [[Orbital]] for the [[PlayStation 4 emulators|PlayStation 4]]. The non-specific application of QEMU allows emulators like XQEMU and Orbital to function as hypervisors without having to write custom-made drivers.

;[[VirtualBox]]
:Is open source but it has an extension pack that adds features common on modern standard PCs like USB 2.0, 3.0, PXE boot, and hard drive encryption. It is generally the easiest to set up and get running.

;[[VMware Workstation]] Pro
:Is also available for GNU/Linux, though the Windows version has better 3D support because of its native Direct3D implementation. Free for personal use from now on.[https://blogs.vmware.com/workstation/2024/05/vmware-workstation-pro-now-available-free-for-personal-use.html]
:;[[VMware Workstation]] Player
::Formerly VMware Player, it is VMware's free offering but lacks a few features like snapshots.

;UTM
:UTM is full featured system emulator[https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Macintosh_line#PowerPC] and virtual machine for Intel and ARM Macs and iOS devices. Under the hood of UTM is QEMU, so it's essentially a frontend for QEMU and it can do everything QEMU does. Windows (virtualized if the guest OS architecture matches that of the host, emulation if host and guest run on different architectures), PowerPC Macs, SPARC Solaris, etc.[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/1e2vey3/after_initially_rejecting_it_apple_has_approved/ldaod3n/] On Apple Silicon (ARM) Macs virtualization is also available through Apple's own backend (this allows virtualizing current versions of macOS). Does not currently support GPU emulation/virtualization on Windows and therefore lacks support for 3D acceleration (e.g. OpenGL and DirectX)[https://mac.getutm.app/] Keep in mind that UTM SE ("slow edition", for iOS devices that haven't been jailbroken) version uses a threaded interpreter which performs better than a traditional interpreter but still slower than JIT used on macOS and jailbroken iOS devices.[https://github.com/utmapp/UTM?tab=readme-ov-file#utm-se]

;Virtual PC
:Microsoft's original offering for consumers, originally made by Connectix as commercial software until Microsoft made it a free download in 2006. Support ended with the introduction of Hyper-V but the last version can be downloaded [http://www.win3x.org/win3board/viewtopic.php?t=19227&language=en here]. Beware that it may cause issues on newer Windows so it's recommended that it's ran on older versions of Windows. As of modern updates of Windows 10 and Windows 11, it is completely impossible to use it. Hyper-V is the official successor, although it lacks support for guests before Windows XP or Windows Server 2003.

;VMOS
:A program that runs another copy of Android on the current Android system, which would be useful for running multiple copies of the same application simultaneously, running applications that rely on older/newer versions of Android, testing out different Android system variations, or safely executing operations/applications that are likely to harm the system and/or user data.

==Type 1 hypervisors==
Rather than being installed as a standard program in an operating system, Type 1 hypervisors form the operating system used by a computer. Examples include;

* ESXi (commercial hypervisor by VMware)
* Xen (open-source hypervisor developed for the Linux kernel)
* [https://serverfault.com/questions/855094/is-kvm-a-type-1-or-type-2-hypervisor KVM]
* UnRAID (commercial NAS distribution with an integrated hypervisor)
* Hyper-V (commercial hypervisor Microsoft developed for Windows. Requires a Pro, Enterprise, or Education version of Windows 8, 8.1, or 10)
* CHARM (custom type-1 hypervisor designed to run multiple complex devices, peripherals and chipsets on a single, cutting-edge Arm server, allowing to virtualize devices on their native architecture[https://support.corellium.com/charm/])
* [https://github.com/AsahiLinux/m1n1 m1n1] (bootloader for Asahi Linux, also capable as acting as a hypervisor for Linux or macOS)

==Integrations==
Many type 2 hypervisors include some sort of additional software that can be installed in a guest. This software listens to the hypervisor and facilitates communication between the guest and host, allowing for features like automatic screen resizing (where the host measures the height and width of the window and sends an optimal size for the guest to resize the display to), clipboard sharing (where anything copied on the host can be pasted in the guest), shared folders (where a directory on the host can be made available for access from a guest using a built-in file server and a direct network connection to the guest), and mouse integration (where the hypervisor emulates an absolute pointing device like a drawing tablet to give the impression that moving the cursor in and out of the machine's display is seamless). Three hypervisors are known to have them;
* VirtualBox Guest Additions
* VMware Tools (and its open-source counterpart, open-vm-tools)
* SPICE Guest Additions (for use with libvirt and/or QEMU on UNIX/Linux hosts)

==VFIO==
VFIO (short for Virtual Function I/O) is a Linux kernel driver for PCI passthrough. Its appeal is that it works with graphics cards, meaning hypervisors on Linux can bypass graphics emulation for modern Windows games as opposed to having to use compatibility layers and wrappers. The catch is that the system needs;
* An IOMMU (outlined in the VT-d and AMD-Vi specs) with processor and motherboard support
And because the graphics card doesn't get utilized until the guest powers on, that also means;
* A dedicated monitor, a monitor with multiple inputs, and/or a KVM switch (not to be confused with the KVM hypervisor)

If you're using an NVIDIA card, you also need to configure how the graphics card appears to the VM so that NVIDIA's driver doesn't reject the card.

If you're using Windows 10/11 for host OS you can use Hyper-V and GPU-P just like Linux GPU passthrough. [https://github.com/jamesstringerparsec/Easy-GPU-PV#prerequisites jamesstringerparsec's "Easy-GPU-PV" batch script] for making GPU Paravirtualization on Windows Hyper-V easier.

==Hyper-V Subsets==
In May 2019, Windows Subsystem for Linux 2/WSL 2 was announced, introducing important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of Hyper-V features. WSL 2 differs from [[Compatibility_layer|WSL 1]] in that WSL 2 runs inside a managed virtual machine that implements the full Linux kernel (similar to [[Android_emulators#Emulators|Windows Subsystem for Android/WSA]]). As a result, WSL 2 is compatible with more Linux binaries than WSL 1, as not all syscalls were implemented in WSL 1. There are even feature requests such as [https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/7747 Gamepad support].

==Hypervisor issues==
===Graphics===
Hypervisors don't have direct access to the graphics hardware with few exceptions including Virgil/Virtio GPU available in QEMU (only works with Linux guests) and VMWare ESXi GPU passthrough, which means graphics card emulation is less than ideal for video games that use 3D APIs. However, 3D acceleration in hypervisors today is capable of running fairly demanding video games or other 3D applications with a few drawbacks such as limited DirectX API versions. Every hypervisor has a different approach to handling 3D graphics, and most of the time companion programs such as VMware Tools have to be installed in virtualized operating systems. Supports for OpenGL are slightly better than Direct3D since it doesn't have to be reverse engineered, but most Windows games (including ports) use Direct3D.

===[[macOS]]===
There's an ongoing effort to get macOS installations working on hypervisors that run on non-Apple hardware. Such support has historically been low or non-existent since Apple makes no effort to support standard PC hardware. Some people have gotten this to successfully work on KVM/QEMU, with an example/setup guide for Debian/Ubuntu hosts being available [https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM here].

However, running macOS on hypervisors running on actual Mac hardware is natively supported by hypervisor software like Parallels Desktop or VMware Fusion.

===Obscure, Abandoned, Beta or Experimental Operating Systems===
Despite many of the common operating systems including legacy ones such as MS-DOS, OS/2, Novell Netware, etc. are being supported by modern hypervisors, some obscure (e.g. [https://templeos.org/ TempleOS]), abandoned (e.g. [[wikipedia:ja:%E8%B6%85%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97|Chokanji 1~4]]), beta or experimental (e.g. [https://betawiki.net/wiki/Windows_95 Windows "Chicago" Beta]) operating systems may still fall out of the range and having issues, especially when relying on specific hardware configuration or old quirks that no longer presents in modern PC hardware.

Using a low-level [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#x86_CPUs|x86 CPUs]] emulator to run these operating systems may ease out such problems but its significantly slower performance compared to [[Wikipedia:X86_virtualization#Hardware-assisted_virtualization|hardware-assisted]] [[Hypervisors]].

===Sound issues===
VMware (especially newer versions) has sound related issues with some of the legacy guest operating systems like [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators|Windows XP]]. According to user reports, sometimes sound stops working OR it become laggy on guest operating system by launching some applications/games. Sometimes audio gets distorted/crackling noise popping. Also you may experience audio related application/game crashes. Usually restarting guest operating system fixes these kind of issues.

:Reddit thread: [https://old.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/sb4cml/windows_xp_guest_sound_laggy_no_matter_what_in/ Windows XP guest sound laggy]

===ISBRendererComm error with 3D Acceleration===
[[File:VMware ISBRenderer crash.jpeg|thumb|298px|ISBRendererComm crash]]
There was a major change in VMware 16.x in how virtual graphics were handled (sandboxed) and it also added support for DX11 in Windows VMs. But due to these changes users reported lots of crashes lately especially with "3D Acceleration". For more information about these type of errors see [https://communities.vmware.com/t5/VMware-Workstation-Pro/ISBRendererComm-Lost-connection-to-mksSandbox-and-MKS/td-p/2838888 this thread].

===Hyper-V feature conflict issue===
[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/application-management/virtualization-apps-not-work-with-hyper-v Many third-party Type 2 virtualization applications don't work together with Hyper-V feature from 'Control Panel/Windows Features']. Affected applications include "VMware Workstation" and "VirtualBox". These applications might not start virtual machines, or they may fall back to a slower, emulated mode ('''no''' VT-x and nested paging etc.)

Even though some reports consider this issue fixed via [https://www.ubackup.com/enterprise-backup/vmware-workstation-and-hyper-v-are-not-compatible.html recent updates (with VMware 15.5.6 and Windows 10 20H1) and WHP windows feature], user reports shows that it's still there. See [https://old.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/swjp4t/running_vmware_workstation_on_a_hyperv_enabled/ this thread] for more information about this issue. Latest VirtualBox and BlueStacks versions have no problem with Hyper-V feature anymore.

==See also==
;Related to Hypervisors;
* [[Windows_95/98/ME_emulators]]
* [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators]]
* [[MacOS]]
* [[Android_emulators]]
;CPUs and Other chips emulation instead of virtualization;
*[[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips]]

[[Category:Software|*]]

Hypervisors

2025-01-05T16:45:37Z

Emunix: Correcting UTM's license

{{WIP}}

A '''[[wikipedia:x86_virtualization|hypervisor]]''' is a program that takes advantage of an architectural quirk in hardware to run emulated software at near-bare-metal speeds, '''running operating systems faster than [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#x86_CPUs|emulators]] especially with [[Wikipedia:X86_virtualization#Hardware-assisted_virtualization|hardware-assisting]]''', this is possible because the processor is designed to execute code in a hierarchy that allows less-privileged software to run almost unmodified. For any instruction in a program that requests more privileges, such as those used by drivers, the hypervisor steps in to emulate the hardware response. But even so running video games still slower than native hardware naturally. There are two types of hypervisors;
# A '''bare-metal hypervisor''', which is the operating system.
# A '''software hypervisor''', the ones many are familiar with. They hook into the kernel of an existing operating system (such as Linux or Windows NT) and run alongside the rest of the software on the system.

Hypervisors are the source of the "host" and "guest" terminology since they help clarify the specific "machine" one refers to; the host is the physical hardware and it manages the guests. Most hypervisors try and support the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) to facilitate virtual appliances which are built for a specific purpose (such as running common server software like WordPress or MediaWiki).

See [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layer|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

==Type 2 hypervisors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
! colspan="6"|PC / x86
|-
|[[QEMU]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
|[https://www.qemu.org/download/ {{QEMUVer}}] [https://github.com/kjliew/qemu-3dfx qemu-3dfx ($)]
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[VMware Workstation]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|[https://www.vmware.com/content/vmware/vmware-published-sites/us/products/desktop-hypervisor.html {{VMwareWorkstationVer}}]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|VMware Fusion
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|[https://www.vmware.com/content/vmware/vmware-published-sites/us/products/desktop-hypervisor.html {{VMwareFusionVer}}]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://www.parallels.com/ Parallels Desktop]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|18
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[VirtualBox]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Solaris}}
|[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads {{VirtualBoxVer}}]
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
!colspan="6"|Mobile / ARM
|-
|[https://www.parallels.com/ Parallels Desktop]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
|18
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://mac.getutm.app/ UTM]
|align=left|{{icon|macOS|iOS}}
|[https://github.com/utmapp/UTM/releases {{UTMVer}}]
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache 2.0}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|VMOS
|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
|[https://www.vmos.com/ 1.0.63]
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{?}}
|}

;[[QEMU]]
:A general-purpose emulator that supports a wide range of hardware for use on a multitude of platforms. Used to be a hypervisor by way of KQEMU but has been deprecated in favor of other systems like KVM (a kernel module for Linux and FreeBSD) and HAXM (which is developed by Intel). QEMU has been used to emulate several non-PC x86 machines like [[XQEMU]]/[[Xemu]] for the [[Xbox emulators|Xbox]], and [[Orbital]] for the [[PlayStation 4 emulators|PlayStation 4]]. The non-specific application of QEMU allows emulators like XQEMU and Orbital to function as hypervisors without having to write custom-made drivers.

;[[VirtualBox]]
:Is open source but it has an extension pack that adds features common on modern standard PCs like USB 2.0, 3.0, PXE boot, and hard drive encryption. It is generally the easiest to set up and get running.

;[[VMware Workstation]] Pro
:Is also available for GNU/Linux, though the Windows version has better 3D support because of its native Direct3D implementation. Free for personal use from now on.[https://blogs.vmware.com/workstation/2024/05/vmware-workstation-pro-now-available-free-for-personal-use.html]
:;[[VMware Workstation]] Player
::Formerly VMware Player, it is VMware's free offering but lacks a few features like snapshots.

;UTM
:UTM is full featured system emulator[https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Macintosh_line#PowerPC] and virtual machine for Intel and ARM Macs and iOS devices. Under the hood of UTM is QEMU, so it's essentially a frontend for QEMU and it can do everything QEMU does. Windows (virtualized if the guest OS architecture matches that of the host, emulation if host and guest run on different architectures), PowerPC Macs, SPARC Solaris, etc.[https://old.reddit.com/r/emulation/comments/1e2vey3/after_initially_rejecting_it_apple_has_approved/ldaod3n/] On Apple Silicon (ARM) Macs virtualization is also available through Apple's own backend (this allows virtualizing current versions of macOS). Does not currently support GPU emulation/virtualization on Windows and therefore lacks support for 3D acceleration (e.g. OpenGL and DirectX)[https://mac.getutm.app/] Keep in mind that UTM SE ("slow edition", for iOS devices that haven't been jailbroken) version uses a threaded interpreter which performs better than a traditional interpreter but still slower than JIT used on macOS and jailbroken iOS devices.[https://github.com/utmapp/UTM?tab=readme-ov-file#utm-se]

;Virtual PC
:Microsoft's original offering for consumers, originally made by Connectix as commercial software until Microsoft made it a free download in 2006. Support ended with the introduction of Hyper-V but the last version can be downloaded [http://www.win3x.org/win3board/viewtopic.php?t=19227&language=en here]. Beware that it may cause issues on newer Windows so it's recommended that it's ran on older versions of Windows. As of modern updates of Windows 10 and Windows 11, it is completely impossible to use it. Hyper-V is the official successor, although it lacks support for guests before Windows XP or Windows Server 2003.

;VMOS
:A program that runs another copy of Android on the current Android system, which would be useful for running multiple copies of the same application simultaneously, running applications that rely on older/newer versions of Android, testing out different Android system variations, or safely executing operations/applications that are likely to harm the system and/or user data.

==Type 1 hypervisors==
Rather than being installed as a standard program in an operating system, Type 1 hypervisors form the operating system used by a computer. Examples include;

* ESXi (commercial hypervisor by VMware)
* Xen (open-source hypervisor developed for the Linux kernel)
* [https://serverfault.com/questions/855094/is-kvm-a-type-1-or-type-2-hypervisor KVM]
* UnRAID (commercial NAS distribution with an integrated hypervisor)
* Hyper-V (commercial hypervisor Microsoft developed for Windows. Requires a Pro, Enterprise, or Education version of Windows 8, 8.1, or 10)
* CHARM (custom type-1 hypervisor designed to run multiple complex devices, peripherals and chipsets on a single, cutting-edge Arm server, allowing to virtualize devices on their native architecture[https://support.corellium.com/charm/])
* [https://github.com/AsahiLinux/m1n1 m1n1] (bootloader for Asahi Linux, also capable as acting as a hypervisor for Linux or macOS)

==Integrations==
Many type 2 hypervisors include some sort of additional software that can be installed in a guest. This software listens to the hypervisor and facilitates communication between the guest and host, allowing for features like automatic screen resizing (where the host measures the height and width of the window and sends an optimal size for the guest to resize the display to), clipboard sharing (where anything copied on the host can be pasted in the guest), shared folders (where a directory on the host can be made available for access from a guest using a built-in file server and a direct network connection to the guest), and mouse integration (where the hypervisor emulates an absolute pointing device like a drawing tablet to give the impression that moving the cursor in and out of the machine's display is seamless). Three hypervisors are known to have them;
* VirtualBox Guest Additions
* VMware Tools (and its open-source counterpart, open-vm-tools)
* SPICE Guest Additions (for use with libvirt and/or QEMU on UNIX/Linux hosts)

==VFIO==
VFIO (short for Virtual Function I/O) is a Linux kernel driver for PCI passthrough. Its appeal is that it works with graphics cards, meaning hypervisors on Linux can bypass graphics emulation for modern Windows games as opposed to having to use compatibility layers and wrappers. The catch is that the system needs;
* An IOMMU (outlined in the VT-d and AMD-Vi specs) with processor and motherboard support
And because the graphics card doesn't get utilized until the guest powers on, that also means;
* A dedicated monitor, a monitor with multiple inputs, and/or a KVM switch (not to be confused with the KVM hypervisor)

If you're using an NVIDIA card, you also need to configure how the graphics card appears to the VM so that NVIDIA's driver doesn't reject the card.

If you're using Windows 10/11 for host OS you can use Hyper-V and GPU-P just like Linux GPU passthrough. [https://github.com/jamesstringerparsec/Easy-GPU-PV#prerequisites jamesstringerparsec's "Easy-GPU-PV" batch script] for making GPU Paravirtualization on Windows Hyper-V easier.

==Hyper-V Subsets==
In May 2019, Windows Subsystem for Linux 2/WSL 2 was announced, introducing important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of Hyper-V features. WSL 2 differs from [[Compatibility_layer|WSL 1]] in that WSL 2 runs inside a managed virtual machine that implements the full Linux kernel (similar to [[Android_emulators#Emulators|Windows Subsystem for Android/WSA]]). As a result, WSL 2 is compatible with more Linux binaries than WSL 1, as not all syscalls were implemented in WSL 1. There are even feature requests such as [https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/7747 Gamepad support].

==Hypervisor issues==
===Graphics===
Hypervisors don't have direct access to the graphics hardware with few exceptions including Virgil/Virtio GPU available in QEMU (only works with Linux guests) and VMWare ESXi GPU passthrough, which means graphics card emulation is less than ideal for video games that use 3D APIs. However, 3D acceleration in hypervisors today is capable of running fairly demanding video games or other 3D applications with a few drawbacks such as limited DirectX API versions. Every hypervisor has a different approach to handling 3D graphics, and most of the time companion programs such as VMware Tools have to be installed in virtualized operating systems. Supports for OpenGL are slightly better than Direct3D since it doesn't have to be reverse engineered, but most Windows games (including ports) use Direct3D.

===[[macOS]]===
There's an ongoing effort to get macOS installations working on hypervisors that run on non-Apple hardware. Such support has historically been low or non-existent since Apple makes no effort to support standard PC hardware. Some people have gotten this to successfully work on KVM/QEMU, with an example/setup guide for Debian/Ubuntu hosts being available [https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM here].

However, running macOS on hypervisors running on actual Mac hardware is natively supported by hypervisor software like Parallels Desktop or VMware Fusion.

===Obscure, Abandoned, Beta or Experimental Operating Systems===
Despite many of the common operating systems including legacy ones such as MS-DOS, OS/2, Novell Netware, etc. are being supported by modern hypervisors, some obscure (e.g. [https://templeos.org/ TempleOS]), abandoned (e.g. [[wikipedia:ja:%E8%B6%85%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97|Chokanji 1~4]]), beta or experimental (e.g. [https://betawiki.net/wiki/Windows_95 Windows "Chicago" Beta]) operating systems may still fall out of the range and having issues, especially when relying on specific hardware configuration or old quirks that no longer presents in modern PC hardware.

Using a low-level [[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips#x86_CPUs|x86 CPUs]] emulator to run these operating systems may ease out such problems but its significantly slower performance compared to [[Wikipedia:X86_virtualization#Hardware-assisted_virtualization|hardware-assisted]] [[Hypervisors]].

===Sound issues===
VMware (especially newer versions) has sound related issues with some of the legacy guest operating systems like [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators|Windows XP]]. According to user reports, sometimes sound stops working OR it become laggy on guest operating system by launching some applications/games. Sometimes audio gets distorted/crackling noise popping. Also you may experience audio related application/game crashes. Usually restarting guest operating system fixes these kind of issues.

:Reddit thread: [https://old.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/sb4cml/windows_xp_guest_sound_laggy_no_matter_what_in/ Windows XP guest sound laggy]

===ISBRendererComm error with 3D Acceleration===
[[File:VMware ISBRenderer crash.jpeg|thumb|298px|ISBRendererComm crash]]
There was a major change in VMware 16.x in how virtual graphics were handled (sandboxed) and it also added support for DX11 in Windows VMs. But due to these changes users reported lots of crashes lately especially with "3D Acceleration". For more information about these type of errors see [https://communities.vmware.com/t5/VMware-Workstation-Pro/ISBRendererComm-Lost-connection-to-mksSandbox-and-MKS/td-p/2838888 this thread].

===Hyper-V feature conflict issue===
[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/application-management/virtualization-apps-not-work-with-hyper-v Many third-party Type 2 virtualization applications don't work together with Hyper-V feature from 'Control Panel/Windows Features']. Affected applications include "VMware Workstation" and "VirtualBox". These applications might not start virtual machines, or they may fall back to a slower, emulated mode ('''no''' VT-x and nested paging etc.)

Even though some reports consider this issue fixed via [https://www.ubackup.com/enterprise-backup/vmware-workstation-and-hyper-v-are-not-compatible.html recent updates (with VMware 15.5.6 and Windows 10 20H1) and WHP windows feature], user reports shows that it's still there. See [https://old.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/swjp4t/running_vmware_workstation_on_a_hyperv_enabled/ this thread] for more information about this issue. Latest VirtualBox and BlueStacks versions have no problem with Hyper-V feature anymore.

==See also==
;Related to Hypervisors;
* [[Windows_95/98/ME_emulators]]
* [[Windows_2000/XP/Vista_emulators]]
* [[MacOS]]
* [[Android_emulators]]
;CPUs and Other chips emulation instead of virtualization;
*[[POS_(Pong_Consoles)_CPUs_and_Other_Chips]]

[[Category:Software|*]]

Wrappers

2024-12-12T14:11:39Z

Emunix: Add Indium

A '''wrapper''' is a reimplementation of a [[wikipedia:Library (computing)|library]], where the goal is to substitute the original API with a better-supported interface. It works as a drop-in replacement for the original library, since a lot of software usually bundled it as-is without any fine-tuning. Wrappers are most common for proprietary interfaces that are either abandoned or otherwise platform-specific.

See [[Emulation Accuracy]] page for more information about terms like "[[Hypervisors|hypervisors]]", "[[Simulators|simulators]]", "[[Compatibility_layer|compatibility layers]]", "[[Wrappers|wrappers]]", "[[FPGA|FPGA-based hardware cloning]]" and "[[:Category:Emulators|software emulators]]".

=='90s APIs==
(Glide, DirectDraw 1-7, Direct3D 2-7<ref group=N name=>Direct3D 1 is not listed, since DirectX 1 did not have a Direct3D component. The first release was Direct3D 2. The internal numbers of Direct3D pre-7 actually differ from the corresponding DirectX, but they were not referred to as such, outside of low-level dev material, possibly to avoid confusion.</ref>, OpenGL 1.x)

During the 90s, many [[PC Emulator Comparisons|IBM-Compatible]] PC game developers used 3dfx's Glide API for hardware accelerated 3D games, which is compatible only with 3dfx Voodoo cards. Neither NVIDIA nor ATI supported Glide, hence a wrapper is needed to play Glide games on non-Voodoo hardware.

Games using older versions of DirectDraw or Direct3D can also benefit from wrappers, since their interfaces may not work properly on newer systems. Wrappers can also enable various overrides and enhancements, such as [https://reshade.me/ ReShade].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" colspan="1" |Type
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest version
! scope="col"|Translates
! scope="col"|Into
! scope="col"|Compatibility
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
| rowspan=14 |Graphics
|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/dgVoodoo2/ dgVoodoo2]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/dgVoodoo2/dgVoodoo2/ {{DgVooDoo2Ver}}]
|Glide 2.11-3.10 DirectDraw 1-7 Direct3D 2-7
|Direct3D 11, 12
|[https://www.vogons.org/viewforum.php?f=59 ?] ||{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[Wine|WineD3D]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}}] (Linux, macOS) [https://fdossena.com/?p=wined3d/index.frag {{WineDevVer}}] (Windows)<ref group=N name=XPcompatibility>DxWnd 2.05.70, WineD3D 1.7.52 or 1.9.7-staging(partially) versions are the latest compatible versions with Windows XP (if [https://github.com/Skulltrail192/One-Core-API-Binaries OneCoreAPI] is '''not''' installed to OS), for getting these old "WineD3D for Windows" builds use [https://www.vogonsdrivers.com/wrappers/files/DirectX/OpenGL/WineD3D/2000+/ this link]. Also you can use [https://github.com/JHRobotics/wine9x?tab=readme-ov-file#wined3d-port-for-windows-9x JHRobotics port for using WineD3D on Windows 9x or Windows XP].</ref>
|DirectDraw 1-7 Direct3D 2-7
|Vulkan OpenGL
|[https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&sTitle=Browse%20Applications&sOrderBy=appName&bAscending=true ?] ||{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dxwnd DxWnd]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/dxwnd/files/Latest%20build/ {{DxWndVer}}]<ref group=N name=XPcompatibility></ref>
|DirectDraw 1-7 Direct3D 2-7
|no API conversion
| ||{{Green}} {{License|GPLv2}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[http://www.zeus-software.com/downloads/nglide nGlide]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://www.zeus-software.com/downloads/nglide 2.10]
|Glide
|Vulkan Direct3D 9
| ||{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/elishacloud/dxwrapper DxWrapper]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/elishacloud/dxwrapper/releases v1.1.6900.22]
|DirectDraw 1-7 Direct3D 2-7
|Direct3D 9<ref group=N name=dxwrapper>Through '''dd7to9'''.</ref> Direct3D 7 (for Direct3D 2-6) DirectDraw 7 (for DirectDraw 1-6)
|[https://github.com/elishacloud/dxwrapper/wiki/DirectDraw-to-Direct3D9-Conversion#table-key ?] ||{{Green}} {{License|zlib}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://github.com/narzoul/DDrawCompat DDrawCompat]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/narzoul/DDrawCompat/tags {{DDrawCompatVer}}]
|DirectDraw 1-7 Direct3D 2-7 GDI (Partially)
|no API conversion
| ||{{Green}} {{License|BSD0}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://github.com/FunkyFr3sh/cnc-ddraw cnc-ddraw]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}} {{Icon|Linux|macOS}}<ref group=N name=cnc-ddraw>Linux and macOS are supported through wine.</ref>
|[https://github.com/FunkyFr3sh/cnc-ddraw/releases {{cnc-ddrawVer}}]
|DirectDraw 1-7
|GDI OpenGL Direct3D 9
| ||{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://www.dxgl.org/ DXGL]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://www.dxgl.org/downloads/ {{DXGLVer}}]
|DirectDraw 1-7
|OpenGL
| ||{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[http://www.glidos.net/ Glidos]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://www.glidos.net/download.html 1.59]
|Glide (DOS)
|?
| ||{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/dgVoodoo/dgVoodoo/ dgVoodoo]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/dgVoodoo/dgVoodoo/ v1.50b2]
|Glide 2.11-2.45
|Direct3D 7, 9
| ||{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[http://openglide.sourceforge.net/ OpenGlide]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/openglide/files/latest/download 0.09 Alpha]
|Glide
|OpenGL
| ||{{Green}} {{License|Apache2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/psvoodoo/ psVoodoo]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/psvoodoo/files/latest/download 0.17]
|Glide
|Direct3D 9
| ||{{Green}} {{License|LGPL}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[https://github.com/ata4/glrage glrage]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/ata4/glrage/releases/latest r10]
|ATI3DCIF DirectDraw 2
|OpenGL 3.3
| ||{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9NRCQJ8VLGTK?hl=en-us&gl=US RReady (Rendition Verite wrapper)]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9NRCQJ8VLGTK?hl=en-us&gl=US RReady Rendition Verité]
|RRedline
|OpenGL
| ||{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
| rowspan=2 |Input
|[https://github.com/csutorasa/XOutput XOutput]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/csutorasa/XOutput/tags 3.32]
|DirectInput
|XInput
| ||{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/elishacloud/dxwrapper DxWrapper]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/elishacloud/dxwrapper/releases v1.1.6900.22]
|DirectInput 1-7
|DirectInput 8
| ||{{Green}} {{License|zlib}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
| rowspan=1 |Sound
|[https://github.com/kcat/dsoal DSOAL]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/kcat/dsoal/actions git]
|DirectSound
|OpenAL
| ||{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|-
|}

<references group=N />

===Comparisons===
;nGlide
:Currently the best Glide wrapper, supporting all three public versions (2.11, 2.60 and 3.10) but it's closed-source. It originally only used Direct3D 9 until Vulkan output was added in 2.0, allowing it to work under Linux using [[Wine]] 2.10.0 and newer.<ref name="nglidevulkan">http://www.zeus-software.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=2044</ref> nGlide also supports high resolution modes. See the [http://www.zeus-software.com/downloads/nglide/compatibility compatibility list].

;dgVoodoo2
:Supports Glide 2.11, 2.45, 3.10, 3.1 Napalm, all versions of DirectDraw, and Direct3D up to version 7. Outputs Direct3D 11 and Direct3D 12 with different device types as wrapping output, such as hardware or software rendering.

;[[Wine|WineD3D]]
:Wine's internal wrapper. Wraps DirectDraw and Direct3D up to 7 into Vulkan and OpenGL. It works pretty well for running older Direct3D games, though it does not come with a Glide implementation of its own. A custom build is available for Windows [https://fdossena.com/?p=wined3d/index.frag here].

;DXGL
:Reimplements DirectDraw using OpenGL. It is considered alpha software despite many applications working.

;glrage
:Reimplements ATI3DCIF, an API from ATI used in a handful of games, and DirectDraw 2 over OpenGL. Originally designed specifically for Tomb Raider 1/UB patched with ATIRage patch, currently also supports Assault Rigs and Wipeout. Additionally, it applies some improvements, fixes and QoL changes to the games.

==2000s and later APIs==
(Direct3D 8 and higher, OpenGL 2.x and higher, Vulkan)

Modern Windows games will likely need one of these wrappers to work on other platforms. Usually these are not separate downloads, and will come packaged into [[compatibility layers]] like [[Proton]], [[Wine]], or [https://www.codeweavers.com/crossover CrossOver].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Platform(s)
! scope="col"|Latest Version
! scope="col"|Translates
! scope="col"|Into
! scope="col"|[[Licensing|License]]
! scope="col"|Active
! scope="col"|[[Recommended Emulators|Recommended]]
|-
|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/dgVoodoo2/ dgVoodoo2]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[http://dege.freeweb.hu/dgVoodoo2/dgVoodoo2/ {{DgVoodoo2Ver}}]
|Direct3D 8-9
|Direct3D 11, 12
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk DXVK]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk/releases {{DXVKVer}}]
|Direct3D 8-11
|Vulkan
|{{Green}} {{License|zlib}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[[Wine|WineD3D]]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
|[https://wiki.winehq.org/Download {{WineVer}}] (Linux, macOS) [https://fdossena.com/?p=wined3d/index.frag {{WineDevVer}}] (Windows)
|Direct3D 8-11
|Vulkan OpenGL
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/HansKristian-Work/vkd3d-proton VKD3D-Proton]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/HansKristian-Work/vkd3d-proton/releases {{VKD3D-ProtonVer}}]
|Direct3D 12
|Vulkan
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|vkd3d
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://source.winehq.org/git/vkd3d.git/ {{Vkd3dVer}}]
|Direct3D 12
|Vulkan
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[https://github.com/crosire/d3d8to9/ d3d8to9]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/crosire/d3d8to9/releases 1.12.0]
|Direct3D 8
|Direct3D 9
|{{Green}} {{License|BSD2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://downloads.fdossena.com/Projects/Mesa3D/Builds/index.php Mesa3D for Windows + MesaInjector]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://downloads.fdossena.com/Projects/Mesa3D/Builds/index.php 20.1.8] [https://github.com/lightningterror/Mesa3D-Windows lightningterror's builds] [http://www.vogonsdrivers.com/wrappers/files/OpenGL/GDI/Mesa/ vogonsdrivers builds]
|OpenGL
|Software
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/libcg/grvk grvk]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/libcg/grvk/tags 0.5.0]
|Mantle
|Vulkan 1.2
|{{Green}} {{License|zlib}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK MoltenVK]
|align=left|{{Icon|macOS|iOS}}
|[https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/releases 1.3.268]
|Vulkan
|Metal
|{{Green}} {{License|Apache2}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{✓}}
|-
|[https://github.com/AlpyneDreams/d8vk D8VK]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/AlpyneDreams/d8vk/releases 1.0]
|Direct3D 8
|Vulkan
|{{Green}} {{License|zlib}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://github.com/iXit/wine-nine-standalone Gallium Nine]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://github.com/iXit/wine-nine-standalone/releases v0.10] (WIP)
|Direct3D 9
|Gallium
|{{Green}} {{License|LGPLv21}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/blob/main/docs/drivers/zink.rst Zink]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|[https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/tree/zink git]
|OpenGL 2.1-4.6
|Vulkan
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|-
|[https://github.com/microsoft/D3D9On12 D3D9On12]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/microsoft/D3D9On12 git]
|Direct3D 9
|Direct3D 12
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://github.com/microsoft/D3D11On12/ D3D11On12]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/microsoft/D3D11On12/ git]
|Direct3D 11
|Direct3D 12
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://github.com/bo3b/3Dmigoto/ 3Dmigoto]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://github.com/bo3b/3Dmigoto/tags 1.3.16]
|Direct3D 11 (Stereo3D)
|no API conversion
|{{Green}} {{License|GPLv3}} ({{License|Copyleft}}) ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|[https://www.pcgamingwiki.com/wiki/Glossary:VorpX VorpX] ($)
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
|[https://www.vorpx.com/support-faq/ v21.3.2]
|Direct3D 11 (Stereo3D)
|no API conversion
|{{Red}} {{License|Proprietary}} ||{{✓}} ||{{~}}
|-
|GLon12
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Xbox}}
|
|OpenGL
|Direct3D 12
|{{?}} ||{{✓}} ||{{TBD}}
|-
|[https://github.com/ValveSoftware/ToGL ToGL]
|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
|
|Direct3D 9.0c
|OpenGL
|{{Green}} {{License|MIT}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{✗}} ||{{✗}}
|-
|[https://github.com/darlinghq/indium Indium]
|align=left|{{Icon|Linux}}
|
|Metal
|Vulkan
|{{Green}} {{License|0BSD}} ({{License|Permissive}}) ||{{~}} ||{{~}}
|}

===Comparisons===
;dgVoodoo2
:Supports Direct3D 8-9. Outputs Direct3D 11 and Direct3D 12 with different device types as wrapping output, such as hardware or software rendering.

;DXVK
:It was originally designed to accelerate support for Direct3D 11 games running under [[Wine]] since a native implementation seemed unlikely. Today it is bundled with [[Proton]]. D9VK was later merged to add Direct3D 9 support, and D8VK was also merged to add Direct3D 8 support.

;WineD3D
:Wine's internal wrapper. Wraps Direct3D 8-11 into Vulkan and OpenGL. For newer APIs it has more bugs than DXVK. A custom build is available for Windows [https://fdossena.com/?p=wined3d/index.frag here].

;VKD3D-Proton
:A fork of VKD3D funded by Valve, which is more developed and has experimental support for DXR via VK_KHR_ray_tracing. Requires DXVK's dxgi.dll file to work on Windows.

;vkd3d
:Wine's work-in-progress Direct3D 12 to Vulkan wrapper.

;d3d8to9
:Not as versatile as dgVoodoo2, however it's the only wrapper that can wrap Direct3D 8 into 9. Its main advantage is Windows XP support, which dgVoodoo2 lacks. It's specifically useful for Windows XP running in VMware, since VMware's Direct3D 8 acceleration has graphical and/or performance issues.

;Indium
:A implementation of Metal on top of Vulkan, originally devolped by iglunix and later by Darling the open-source macOS compatibility layer.

;MoltenVK
:Developed by the Brenwill Workshop under the Khronos Group, it re-implements Vulkan for Metal. Emulators like [[Dolphin]] and [[DuckStation]] use MoltenVK instead of a native Metal renderer to support Apple devices.

;Gallium Nine
:An implementation of the Direct3D 9 library on top of the Gallium driver for Linux. By using calls native to Linux, applications running under Wine run "at near-native speeds" according to the maintainers. The caveat is that it only works on Mesa, not NVIDIA's proprietary driver.

;Zink
:A "just-in-case" implementation of OpenGL on top of Vulkan first introduced in 2018 by Collabora for the Mesa driver.<ref>Erik Faye-Lund (October 31, 2018). [https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2018/10/31/introducing-zink-opengl-implementation-vulkan/ Introducing Zink, an OpenGL implementation on top of Vulkan]. Collabora.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Compatibility layers]] - Allows software written for one platform to run on another.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
;* [https://www.vogons.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=36412 VOGONS: The Wrapper Collection Project]
;* [https://www.pcgamingwiki.com/wiki/Glossary:Display_wrapper PCGamingWiki: Display wrapper]
* [https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2019/04/dxvk-102-is-out-with-some-bug-fixes-d9vk-seems-to-be-progressing-nicely/comment_id=151939 State of Direct3D 9-12 translation layers] by DXVK author YoRHa-2B (2019-04-02)
* [https://www.youtube.com/@Levan4KGaming/search?query=performance%20benchmark Levan's Wrapper Benchmarks]

[[Category:Compatibility layers|*]]