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==Chart== | ==Chart== | ||
− | {| class="wikitable | + | {| class="wikitable" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! scope="col"|System | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|System |
− | ! scope="col"|Normal clock | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Normal clock |
− | ! scope="col"|Hardware Overclock | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Hardware Overclock |
− | ! scope="col"|Emulation Overclock | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Emulation Overclock |
− | ! scope="col"|Overclock levels | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Overclock levels |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Nintendo Entertainment System emulators|NES]] | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Nintendo Entertainment System emulators|NES]] |
− | |1.79 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|1.79 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|? |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Main CPU) | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Main CPU) |
− | |3.58 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|3.58 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |4.1-7.6 Mhz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|4.1 -7.6 Mhz |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 1) | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 1) |
− | |10.5 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|10.5 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |40-60 Mhz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|40-60 Mhz |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 2) | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Super Nintendo emulators|SNES]] (Super FX 2) |
− | |21 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|21 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |40-60 Mhz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|40-60 Mhz, |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sega Genesis emulators|Sega Genesis]] | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Sega Genesis emulators|Sega Genesis]] |
− | |7.7 MHz | + | | style="text-align: center;"|7.7 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="kyorune">http://kyorune.com/modding/article.php?id=73</ref> |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | |13.1-25.4 MHz<ref name="kyorune"/> | + | | style="text-align: center;"|13.1-25.4 MHz<ref name="kyorune"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[ | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[PlayStation emulators|PlayStation]] |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|33.8 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="kraut">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HapnSOseDfw</ref> |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|66Mhz<ref name="kraut"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[ | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Sega Saturn emulators|Sega Saturn]] |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|28.6 MHz* |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|No |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|No |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|- |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[ | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Nintendo 64 emulators|Nintendo 64]] |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|93.75 MHz |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="n64oc">http://www.gamesx.com/misctech/n64oc.htm</ref> |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|125-187.5 Mhz<ref name="n64oc"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|[[Neo Geo emulators|Neo Geo]] |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|12 MHz | |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes<ref name="neooc">http://www.neo-geo.com/forums/showthread.php?158016-68K-s-guide-to-overclocking-your-Neo-Geo-AES</ref> | |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | |
− | + | | style="text-align: center;"|14-18 MHz<ref name="neooc"/> | |
− | |||
− | |[[Neo Geo emulators|Neo Geo]] | ||
− | |12 MHz | ||
− | | | ||
− | | | ||
− | |14-18 MHz<ref name="neooc"/> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
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− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==MAME== | ==MAME== | ||
− | By default [[MAME]] allows you to change the clock speed of the systems it emulates (including consoles) to anything between 50% to | + | By default [[MAME]] allows you to change the clock speed of the systems it emulates (including consoles) to anything between 50% to 200% of the original clock speed, the only requirement is that you enable cheats for that game/system. |
==NES== | ==NES== | ||
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==SNES== | ==SNES== | ||
===Main CPU=== | ===Main CPU=== | ||
− | For an NTSC SNES, the master clock rate is approximate ~21.477 MHz, but the CPU's effective clock rates are ~3.58 MHz, ~2.68 MHz, or ~1.79 MHz. This is because any CPU operation takes 6 master cycles (i.e. 21.477/6 = 3.58) and memory access can take 6, 8, or 12, depending on the area of RAM is accessed. In the case of ROM access, it also depends on whether bit 0 of CPU register 420D is set to 0 (SlowROM, 8) or 1 (FastROM, 6).<ref name="Fullsnes - | + | For an NTSC SNES, the master clock rate is approximate ~21.477 MHz, but the CPU's effective clock rates are ~3.58 MHz, ~2.68 MHz, or ~1.79 MHz. This is because any CPU operation takes 6 master cycles (i.e. 21.477/6 = 3.58) and memory access can take 6, 8, or 12, depending on the area of RAM is accessed. In the case of ROM access, it also depends on whether bit 0 of CPU register 420D is set to 0 (SlowROM, 8) or 1 (FastROM, 6).<ref name="Fullsnes - Nocash SNES Specs">http://problemkaputt.de/fullsnes.htm#cpuclockcycles</ref> |
In testing overclocks on the original hardware, the following issues occur (speeds listed represent the maximum effective clock rate): | In testing overclocks on the original hardware, the following issues occur (speeds listed represent the maximum effective clock rate): | ||
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* 7.6 MHz: Color palette errors; sprites fail to render. Freezes after a few minutes.<ref name="SNES overclock">http://web.archive.org/web/20070629163744/http://www.undergroundcm.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=38</ref> | * 7.6 MHz: Color palette errors; sprites fail to render. Freezes after a few minutes.<ref name="SNES overclock">http://web.archive.org/web/20070629163744/http://www.undergroundcm.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=38</ref> | ||
− | Only MAME has an option to change the main CPU frequency, which requires you to enable cheats. MAME SNES emulation is very demanding by default and activating the overclock only makes it worse. It is more stable than the real hardware while overclocked and won't exhibit the same issues, but it is still very unstable especially if you adjust the frequency multiple times. It also does not allow you to go over | + | Only MAME has an option to change the main CPU frequency, which requires you to enable cheats. MAME SNES emulation is very demanding by default and activating the overclock only makes it worse. It is more stable than the real hardware while overclocked and won't exhibit the same issues, but it is still very unstable especially if you adjust the frequency multiple times. It also does not allow you to go over 200% clock speed, which isn't enough to fully get rid of slowdowns in some games. |
− | The latest | + | The latest builds of all [[Snes9x]] libretro cores can overclock by reducing the number of emulated CPU/memory access cycles from 6, 8, and 12 to either 4, 5, and 6 (Compatible) or 3, 3, and 3 (Max) respectively. Just for comparison, that means the Max option is effectively 7.16 MHz. Gameplay is not sped up (assuming the game is not in a constant state of some slowdown, to begin with, like Out of This World) and the issues experienced on real hardware are not present, though stability will vary depending on the game and which option you use. Also to note, some games may work better with the Max option rather than Compatible, as appears to be the case for Mega Man X1 which has a bit of graphical corruption under very specific conditions when using the Compatible option, so try both if you encounter issues. |
===Super FX chip=== | ===Super FX chip=== | ||
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The SFX chip can be overclocked on real hardware or emulation with fewer issues than overclocking the CPU. However, tests have shown that overclocking can increase the speed of the game, in addition to increasing the frame rate and removing slowdown.<ref name="Dragon50hztest">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfNI3HpUt-4</ref> | The SFX chip can be overclocked on real hardware or emulation with fewer issues than overclocking the CPU. However, tests have shown that overclocking can increase the speed of the game, in addition to increasing the frame rate and removing slowdown.<ref name="Dragon50hztest">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfNI3HpUt-4</ref> | ||
− | {| class="wikitable | + | {| class="wikitable" |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! scope="col"|Clock speed | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Clock speed |
− | ! scope="col"|Time | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Time |
− | ! scope="col"|Increase | + | ! scope="col" style="text-align: center;"|Increase |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Normal | + | | style="text-align: center;"|Normal |
− | |1'46'02 | + | | style="text-align: center;"|1'46'02 |
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|------- |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | style="text-align: center;"|50hz |
− | |1'23'78 | + | | style="text-align: center;"|1'23'78 |
− | |27.711%<ref name="Dragon50hztest"/> | + | | style="text-align: center;"|27.711%<ref name="Dragon50hztest"/> |
+ | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | [[RetroArch|Snes9x-Next]] allows for SFX overclocking, as well as [[higan|bsnes-mercury]], though in the latter the increase in CPU requirements can be noticeable. | |
==PC-Engine (TG-16)== | ==PC-Engine (TG-16)== | ||
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===List of games that can take advantage of overclocking=== | ===List of games that can take advantage of overclocking=== | ||
− | + | <pre> | |
− | + | A Bug's Life | |
− | + | Aidyn Chronicles - The First Mage | |
− | + | Armorines - Project S.W.A.R.M. | |
− | + | Big Mountain 2000 | |
− | + | Carmageddon | |
− | + | Conker's Bad Fur Day | |
− | + | Destruction Derby 64 | |
− | + | Disney's Donald Duck - Goin' Quackers / Donald Duck - Quack Attack | |
− | + | Duck Dodgers Starring Daffy Duck / Looney Toons - Duck Dodgers | |
− | + | Earthworm Jim 3D | |
− | + | Extreme-G | |
− | + | Extreme-G XG2 | |
− | + | F1 Racing Championship | |
− | + | F-1 Pole Position 64 | |
− | + | Gex 3 - Deep Cover Gecko | |
− | + | GoldenEye 007 | |
− | + | Hot Wheels Turbo Racing | |
− | + | Human Grand Prix - New Generation | |
− | + | Jet Force Gemini / Star Twins | |
− | + | Jeremy McGrath Supercross 2000 | |
− | + | Kobe Bryant's NBA Courtside | |
− | + | Madden Football 64 | |
− | + | Madden NFL 99-2002 | |
− | + | Mario Kart 64 (Multiplayer and some tracks only) | |
− | + | Milo's Astro Lanes | |
− | + | Monaco Grand Prix - Racing Simulation 2 | |
− | + | Monster Truck Madness 64 | |
− | + | NASCAR 99/2000 | |
− | + | NBA In the Zone 98 / NBA Pro 98 | |
− | + | Off Road Challenge | |
− | + | Perfect Dark | |
− | + | Quake II | |
− | + | Racing Simulation 2 | |
− | + | Rakuga Kids | |
− | + | Rayman 2 - The Great Escape | |
− | + | Roadsters Trophy | |
− | + | San Francisco Rush - Extreme Racing (Multiplayer only) | |
− | + | San Francisco Rush 2049 (Multiplayer only) | |
− | + | South Park Rally | |
− | + | StarCraft 64 | |
− | + | Starshot - Space Circus Fever | |
− | + | Super Robot Spirits | |
− | + | Taz Express | |
− | + | Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six | |
− | + | Tonic Trouble | |
− | + | Toy Story 2 | |
− | + | Transformers - Beast Wars Transmetal | |
− | + | Turok 2 - Seeds of Evil / Violence Killer - Turok New Generation | |
− | + | V-Rally Edition 99 | |
− | + | WCW vs. nWo - World Tour | |
− | + | World Cup 98 | |
+ | </pre> | ||
==GameCube/Wii== | ==GameCube/Wii== | ||
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On real hardware, overclocking is possible using [http://djky2k3.tripod.com/psx_oc.html this modification]. | On real hardware, overclocking is possible using [http://djky2k3.tripod.com/psx_oc.html this modification]. | ||
− | On emulators, | + | On emulators, [https://github.com/SonofUgly/PCSX-Reloaded/releases this modified build] of [[PCSX-Reloaded|PCSX-R]] as well as [http://ngemu.com/threads/pcsxr-pgxp.186369/ this fork] allow for overclocking, though most games will break past 1.5x clock speed. Recent builds of Beetle PSX (the libretro fork of Mednafen's PS1 core) also support overclocking, by way of removing timing penalties instead of increasing clock speed. |
==PS2== | ==PS2== | ||
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==Neo Geo== | ==Neo Geo== | ||
− | [[ | + | [[Final Burn Alpha]] allows for overclocking of Neo Geo games. MAMEUIFX (aka MAME32FX) also allows for overclocking.<ref>http://mame32fx.altervista.org/home.htm</ref> All Neo Geo should run at full speed when overclocked. |
==Sega Genesis== | ==Sega Genesis== | ||
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[http://aamirm.hacking-cult.org/www/regen.html Regen] allows overclocking in the dev build version.<ref>http://segaretro.org/Regen</ref> Games with sprite flicker, like Altered Beast, and games with some slowdown, like Rambo III or Mega Man: The Wily Wars, play perfectly with Regen's "Overclock M68000" setting at 732 (1.5x original speed). The game speed and audio are unaffected by overclocking. | [http://aamirm.hacking-cult.org/www/regen.html Regen] allows overclocking in the dev build version.<ref>http://segaretro.org/Regen</ref> Games with sprite flicker, like Altered Beast, and games with some slowdown, like Rambo III or Mega Man: The Wily Wars, play perfectly with Regen's "Overclock M68000" setting at 732 (1.5x original speed). The game speed and audio are unaffected by overclocking. | ||
− | + | Blastem and HazeMD also allow for overclocking but neither are really recommended for normal usage. | |
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==3DO== | ==3DO== | ||
− | + | Standalone Windows version of [[4DO]] allows up to 400% of the original 3DO clock speed, making some low frame rate titles such as Doctor Hauzer more playable. The libretro version of 4DO does not seem to contain overclocking features. | |
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==References== | ==References== |