Difference between revisions of "Nintendo Entertainment System emulators"

Latest revision as of 18:19, 26 September 2023

Nintendo Entertainment System

Developer	Nintendo
Type	Home video game console
Generation	Third generation
Release date	1983
Discontinued	2003
Predecessor	Color TV-Game
Successor	SNES
Emulated	✓

The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit, third-generation console originally released as the Family Computer or Famicom, in Japan, on July 15, 1983. The Famicom retailed for ¥14800. The console would be redesigned as the NES and released on October 18, 1985 in North America. The NES retailed for $179.99. It had a Ricoh 2A03 CPU at 1.79 MHz with 2 KBs of RAM.

The earliest games released on the Famicom suffered from significant hardware constraints due to the way the Famicom was designed: limited memory addressing (which meant games had a small maximum ROM size), how the graphics were loaded onscreen, just the native sound processing was available, no saving... To solve this problem, Nintendo came up with two solutions:

The Family Computer Disk System (FDS). A Japan-only add-on that played games from a semi-custom variant of Mitsumi's Quick Disk format. It offered slightly higher data storage and slightly enhanced sound processing. It also had a microphone never found anywhere else. There were plans to release it in the US; however, since the NES had its launch delayed to late 1985, and the mapper solution obsoleted it, the add-on was never exported, and some of its exclusives were ported as regular cartridge releases.
Memory Management Controllers (MMC), also known colloquially as mappers. They solved every aforementioned problem with bank switching for much more data, onboard FM audio chips, and much more. Most games released after 1986 that really pushed the system to its limits used mappers. A similar solution was used for the Game Boy.

Emulation for the Famicom/NES is robust, with many high-quality emulators for various systems.

Emulators[edit]

Like for Game Boy/Color, tons of NES emulators exist. For a list of open-source projects, see this GitHub query.

Name	Latest version	PC-10	VS System	Sprite Replacement	Netplay	libretro	Retro Achievements	Accuracy	FLOSS	Active	Recommended
PC / x86
Mesen	libretro core 2022-05-15 (Mesen X)	~^{[N 1]}	✓*	✓	✓	✓	✓	Cycle	✓	~^{[N 2]}	✓
Mesen2	2.0.0-preview1 Dev	~^{[N 1]}	✓	✓	✓	✗	✗	Cycle	✓	✓	✓
puNES	WIP builds 0.110	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✓	✗	✗	✗	Cycle	✓	✓	✓
Nestopia UE	libretro core 1.52.0 Nestopia JG git	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✓	✓	~^{[N 4]}	Cycle	✓	✓	✓
ares	git Artifacts v133	~^{[N 1]}	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	High	✓	✓	~
BizHawk	Dev Builds 2.9.1	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✗*	✗	✓	Cycle	✓	✓	~
Nintendulator/NRS	2023-06-22 0.985 Beta	~^{[N 1]}	✓	✗	✗	✗	✗	Cycle	✓	✓	~
FCEUX FCEUmm_libretro	2.6.6 libretro (FCEUmm)	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✓	✓	~^{[N 5]}	Mid	✓	✓	~
3dSen	0.9.7	✗	✗	~	✗	✗	✗	?	✗	✓	~
QuickNES	libretro core 0.7.0b1 (legacy)	~^{[N 1]}	✗	✗	✓	✓	✓	Mid	✓	~^{[N 6]}	✗
MetalNES	git	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	Transistor	✓	✓	✗
FinalBurn Neo	libretro core WIP builds	✗	✗*	✗	✓	✓	~^{[N 7]}	High	NC	✓	✗
higan	v110	?	✗	✗	✗	✓	✗	Cycle	✓	✓	✗
VirtuaNES	0.97	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✓	✗	✗
nemulator	4.4	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	High	✗	✗	✗
Nesemu	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	High	✓	✓	✗
HDNes	git	?	?	✓	?	✗	✗	Low	✓	✗	✗
halfnes	git	?	?	?	?	✗	✗	High	✓	✗	?
MAME	git artifacts^{[N 8]} 0.258 libretro core	✓	✓	✗	✗	✓	✗	Cycle	✓	✓	✗
iNES	6.1	~^{[N 1]}	~	✗	✓	✗	✗	High	?	✓	✗
ANESE	git	?	✗	✗	?	✗	✗	Cycle^{[N 9]}	✓	~	✗
Jnes	1.2.1	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✗	✗
NESticle	x.xx (DOS) 0.42 (Win9x)	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✗	✗
RockNES	5.80	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	High	✗	✗	✗
Mobile / ARM
Nestopia^{[N 10]}	libretro core	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✓	✓	~^{[N 4]}	Cycle	✓	✓	✓
FCEUmm_libretro	libretro core	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✓	✓	✓	Mid	✓	✓	✓
NES.emu (based on fceux 2020.05.03 git)	1.5.73 git (Android) 1.5.46.02 (Pyra)	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	High	✓ (Android only)	✓	✓
Jnes	1.2.6.26	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✗	~	~
FreeiNES	6.1.4 (Android) 3.6.5 (Maemo) 3.6 (Symbian)	?	?	✗	✓	✗	✗	High	✗	✓	~
VGBANext	6.6.3	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	High	✗	✓	~
GPFCE	0.81.0.r2 (Pandora) 0.4 r313 (GP2X) 0.4+ (Wiz)	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✗	✗	~
vNES	1.7 (S60v3)git 1.2 alt	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✓	✗	~
Nostalgia.NES	2.0.9	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✗	✗	~
John NESS	1.09	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✗	✓	✗
nesemu	0.2.3 Beta Preview (Pandora)V1 (Wiz) 0.2 (Dingoo)	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✓	✗	✗
Nestopia	V2	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✗	✗	✗
Nesemu	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✓	✓	✗
Pocket Nester+	0.9	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✗	✗
nintaco	2020-05-01	~^{[N 1]}	✓	✗	✓	✗	✗	Cycle	✓	✗	✗
Consoles
Nintendo Switch Online (L-CLASSICS)	2.3.0	?	?	✗	✓	✗	✗	High	✗	✓	✓
Virtual Console	N/A	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low-Mid	✗	✗	✓
NES Remix (Heritage)	HeriC	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	✗	?	✗	✗	✗
pNES	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	High	✓	✓	✓
FCEUltra for PS2	0.9.3 0.90i Mod	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✗	~	✓
Nestopia^{[N 10]}	libretro core	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✓	✓	~^{[N 4]}	Cycle	✓	✓	✓
QuickNES^{[N 10]}	libretro core	~^{[N 1]}	✗	✗	✓	✓	✓	Mid	✗	~^{[N 6]}	✓
FCEUmm^{[N 10]}	libretro core	~^{[N 1]}	~^{[N 3]}	✗	✓	✓	✓	Mid	✓	✓	✓
FCE Ultra GX	3.5.3	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✓	✓	✓
Neon64	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low-Mid	✓	✓	✓
VirtuaNES for 3DS	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✓	✗	✓
NesterJ^{[N 11]}	1.13 beta 2 AoEX	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✓	✗	✓
nesDS	1.3a	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✗	✓
PocketNES	7-1-2013	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✗	~
NESBox	v4	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✓	~
imbNES	1.3.2	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✓	✗	✗
Project Nested	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✓	✗	✗
NeMul	1.0	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Low	✗	✗	✗
Calculator
numworks-nofrendo	git	?	?	✗	?	✗	✗	Mid	✓	✓	✗
NESpire	0.30 git (tangrs-mod)	?	?	✗	✗	✗	✗	?	✓	✗	~
NESizm	1.00	?	?	✗	✗	✗	✗	?	✓	?	~

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 These emulators only play the PC-10 games as a normal NES game unlike MAME which is the only emulator that properly emulating the PlayChoice-10 system at the moment.
↑ Libretro core is still active. Mesen-X fork is not active anymore so you should probably use Mesen2 or mesen_libretro core.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 Supports Vs. UniSystem but no support for Vs. DualSystem. *puNES, *nestopia UE, *FCEumm, *FCEUX, *BizHawk
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nestopia_libretro is not officially supported but you can still earn achievements with this core.
↑ Only available for FCEUmm_libretro.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Libretro core is still active.
↑ Requires games in nes or fds subdirectories, exact archives just like arcade. Not all games may be linked for this core.
↑ CI-Windows CI-Linux CI-Macos
↑ The CPU is instruction-cycle accurate but not sub-instruction cycle accurate (TODO ). While this inaccuracy doesn’t affect most games, there are some that rely on sub-instruction level timings.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 Only available as a libretro core (e.g., RetroArch).
↑ AoEX is based on NesterJ 1.12 Plus 0.61 RM, which includes features like rewind, cheat code support, rotated/mirrored screen, sepia palette, support for rare mappers (the pirate bootleg FF7 works on it), etc. Its compatibility is inferior to 1.13 beta 2.

Comparisons[edit]

Mesen is the most accurate NES emulator according to currently established NES test ROM suites.^[1] It should be the emulator of choice for those who desire the utmost accuracy. Mesen is also very user-friendly and supports a lot of features that other emulators are missing, such as; HD packs, netplay, auto-updating, good built-in filters, both .zip and goodmerged file loading, etc. The standalone emulator ceased development around October 2020 for unknown reasons, but the libretro fork is still active and the original developer resumed development in March 2021 with multi-system emulator Mesen2.
puNES is the second most accurate NES/FDS emulator, according to a separate test battery run by the TASVideos community.^[2]
Nestopia also has a high ranking in those same tests.^[2] Even so, Nestopia has issues with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles and doesn't display the status bar in Mickey's Safari in Letterland correctly (among other problems). Nestopia Undead Edition is a fork of Nestopia meant to keep it alive and fix the aforementioned bugs. This version is generally recommended over vanilla. Even the libretro core for Nestopia is in the Undead Edition.
Nintendulator and My Nes also have a fairly high ranking in those tests.^[2]. NintendulatorNRS is a fork of Nintendulator that supports the Famicom Disk System, rare mappers, VRT chipsets, and many unlicensed and bootleg carts and systems.
FCEUX scores rather low in these tests, despite being a recommended emulator on TAS Videos. The New PPU is more accurate than the Old PPU, thankfully. The emulator is still useful, though, thanks to its robust Lua scripting and incorporating FCEUmm into its feature set.
VirtuaNES also scores quite low in the tests but, in turn, supports several obscure peripherals that are not available on other emulators.
For official emulation, there is Nintendo's own Virtual Console or Nintendo Switch Online. The Wii has a significantly larger library of NES games to choose from than the 3DS or Wii U, especially from third-party publishers.

There are many other NES emulators not listed here, as the NES has more emulators than any other system (new ones are started all the time). Only those that are well-known or stand out in some way are covered here.

Emulation issues[edit]

Mappers[edit]

A key difference between many emulators nowadays is how many mappers they support.

No mapper: Supported on every emulator, even official Nintendo emulators.
Official mappers (UNROM, AOROM, MMC1-6): Most emulators, as well as Nintendo's Virtual Console (but not their GBA emulators), will cover these.
Third-party mappers (Various: e.g., Konami's VRC6/VRC7) While officially licensed by Nintendo, they were not allowed outside Japan. As a result, for their Western releases, many games that took advantage of their features (advanced ROM mapping, extra sound channels) were reprogrammed significantly and shipped on the official mappers, often with simplified soundtracks. A lot of fan emulators worth their salt will cover these. With those, you cover the entire officially licensed library.
Unlicensed mappers: Mostly used by pirate cartridges, often long past the console's official commercial lifespan. Only the most active and recommended emulators (Mesen, puNES, Nestopia UE, NintendulatorNRS, MAME) will even bother covering them in a whack-a-mole quest for every new one discovered to this very day. If you're not interested in unlicensed Chinese or Russian bootlegs or newer unofficial NES demakes, it isn't a problem.

The NES ROM information isn't sufficient to describe the cartridge and emulate it, so emulators have to include the layout and behavior of these mappers in their code. At the same time, the ROM header tells the emulator which mapper to choose. So unlike with other consoles, no matter how accurate a given NES emulator will get, it will still never be able to run newly discovered ROM dumps from cartridges that used a so-far unknown mapper. Thus, Unlicensed NES support will be inevitably incomplete and a constant work-in-progress, hence claims some emulators are "inaccurate".

Related to this issue: This is why most emulators won't run unheadered NES ROMs. Newer versions of Nestopia can open those, but they're handled in a slightly different way: the information that would have been included in the iNES header is instead provided in emulator configuration files that get summoned as long as the ROM's hash matches exactly the No-Intro dump of that given game (which is inconvenient for ROM hacks).

QD FDS support[edit]

Games dumped off the Famicom Disk System come into two major types:

.fds format: Most common format. Ubiquitous in ROM sets (GoodSets, No-Intro). Omits some checksum data.
.qd format (stands for QuickDisk): Only ever used in official Nintendo re-releases. Almost identical to FDS, except QD is a full dump with checksum data. May omit padding.

The checksum data in question would be checked at BIOS startup to verify the integrity of the image and whether it was tampered with, in which case it will throw an anti-piracy error. As of now, no NES emulators support the alternate, more complete dumps and fudging that check's result to always return a negative. To emulate a .qd image, stripping the checksum data with a custom script is needed.

Overscan[edit]

Main article: Overscan

Example of faulty visuals that are exposed when no overscan is cropped. Note the blank blue area to the left and the green garbage on the right. On NTSC CRT TVs, these areas may or may not be visible

Several NES games need their overscan to be cropped to look proper. Unfortunately, there is no standard level of overcropping. Many games require different levels for the best results. For example, Super Mario Bros. 3 requires quite a bit of cropping. However, the same level of cropping will obscure the letters of the status bar in Castlevania games.

Color palette[edit]

Main article: Famicom color palette

Unlike consoles such as the SNES, which natively generate their image in pure RGB, the Famicom normally generates and outputs an encoded NTSC video signal. This must then be decoded by the TV's built-in NTSC decoder, which means the resulting color palette often varies depending on the display's decoder. For this reason, NES games will appear to have different colors on different TV sets. To properly emulate this part of the NES experience, many Famicom emulators have a variety of different palettes to choose from.

The Wii and Wii U versions of Virtual Console use extremely dark color palettes. This is apparently not an accuracy issue, but rather an anti-epilepsy measure. For the Nintendo Switch Online service, the games were directly edited to remove seizure-inducing patterns, allowing it to use a normal palette.

Peripherals[edit]

There were many accessories released for the Famicom and NES but Emulation General only covers accessories that are truly differentiated data streams from the basic controller. For example, the Power Glove is, in actuality, just a really complicated NES controller designed to convert motion into D-PAD, SELECT, START, A, and B button commands. The same goes for R.O.B. and his Stack-up and Gyromite games because he was really just the second player. Strangely, the Famicom has a lot more peripheral hardware to emulate than the NES.^[3]

Name(s)	Description	Game(s)	Support emulator(s)	Note
Zapper	An electronic light gun accessory that allows players to aim at the display and shoot various objects that appear on the screen.	Duck Hunt Wild Gunman Hogan's Alley	Various	Emulated in the form of a mouse click (PC), tap (for mobile), remote (Wii ports of NES emulators), or faked pointers using a controller.
Arkanoid/Vaus Controller	A specific game controller with one button to "fire" and a dial to control back-and-forth movement.	Arkanoid Arkanoid: Revenge of Doh Chase H.Q.	Various	N/A
Power Pad Family Trainer Family Fun Fitness	A game controller that allows players to step on a gray floor mat with 12 pressure-sensors embedded between flexible plastic to control gameplay.	Stadium Events Dance Aerobics Athletic World	FCEUX	N/A
NES Four Score NES Satellite 4-Player Adaptor	A multitap accessory that enables up to 4-player gameplay using infrared wireless communication.	R.C. Pro-Am II Bomberman II^{[N 1]} Gauntlet II Nintendo World Cup A Nightmare on Elm Street	Various	Emulated by having the option to switch between 2-player and 4-player mode or just enabling/disabling Player 3 and Player 4's controller.
Family Computer Disk System & FDS	See above	Super Mario Bros. 2 Legend of Zelda: The Hyrule Fantasy Zelda II: The Adventure of Link Metroid Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror Akumajō Dracula Ice Hockey	Mesen Mesen2 puNES Nestopia UE ares BizHawk Nintendulator NRS FCEumm_libretro FinalBurn_Neo higan MAME iNES Jnes RockNES Others...	The BIOS file (which can be found here) is required for FDS emulation. Note that there are two versions of the BIOS: one that comes with FDS and another that comes with Sharp's Twin Famicom. They function identically despite showing a different intro during the first boot.
Microphone	A Japan-exclusive, built-in feature in the original Player 2 Famicom controller that allows players to use an external sound source (e.g., the player's voice) as input.	Legend of Zelda: The Hyrule Fantasy Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror Kaiketsu Yanchamaru	Mesen^{[N 2]} puNES^{[N 2]} VirtuaNES^{[N 2]} Virtual Console^{[N 3]}	N/A
Family BASIC	A Japan-exclusive peripheral with an enhanced BASIC programming language dialect. It allows users to create programs in the Famicom. It has a specially designed cartridge, keyboard, and Data Recorder.	Family BASIC	Mesen Nestopia UE FCEUX puNES VirtuaNES	N/A
Famicom Data Recorder	A Japan-exclusive compact cassette tape data interface as an addition to the Family BASIC to save data from BASIC programs created by users.	Family BASIC	Mesen Nestopia UE puNES VirtuaNES	N/A
Famicom 3D System	A Japan-exclusive active shutter glasses headset that allowed compatible games to display a stereoscopic image for a 3D experience.	Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally Highway Star Falsion	RetroArch	GLSL shaders are needed for RetroArch to simulate the 3D experience with a VR headset, 3D TV, 3D projector or Android phone with cardboard.
Miracle Piano Teaching System	An accessory that used an electronic MIDI keyboard as input.	Miracle Piano Teaching System	MAME no$nes Nintaco FCEUX mod MiSTer	N/A
ASCII TurboFile ASCII TurboFile II	A Japan-exclusive external storage device for saving game positions on Famicom.	Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds Downtown Nekketsu Monogatari Haja no Fūin	VirtuaNES	N/A
Oeka Kids Tablet	A Japan-exclusive drawing tablet for the Famicom Oeka Kids series.^[4]	Oeka Kids: Anpanman no Hiragana Daisuki Oeka Kids: Anpanman to Oekaki Shiyou!!	Mesen Nestopia UE FCEUX puNES VirtuaNES	N/A
RacerMate CompuTrainer Pro	A rare series of peripherals for the game RacerMate Challenge II. It has an interface box, a bike trainer, and a handlebar display.^[5]	RacerMate Challenge II	N/A	N/A
Game Genie	A pass-through device that is attached between a cartridge and the console that allows the player to manipulate various aspects of games and access unused assets and functions by temporarily modify game data.	Various	FCEUX^{[N 4]} puNES^{[N 4]}	Most emulators have a GUI to manage cheats and don't rely on real hardware cheating devices.
Family Computer Network System Famicom Modem	A Japan-exclusive network peripheral that allowed users to connect to a Nintendo server that provided extra content such as jokes, news, game tips, weather forecasts, horse betting and downloadable content via dial-up modem.	N/A	N/A	N/A

↑ Up to three players only.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Cheated by pressing any specific key ("M" by default).
↑ Through an actual microphone.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cheat authentically by using a Game Genie ROM.

Hardware variants[edit]

VS. System[edit]

An arcade system based on the NES released for the US. It was released in two different cabinet variations: Vs. UniSystem and Vs. DualSystem. The latter has double chipsets on the PCB and is capable of handling two different programs or simply two separate copies of a single program simultaneously.

Most emulators support games in Vs. UniSystem cabinet by setting up different DIP switches. But for games in Vs. DualSystem cabinet; MAME, Mesen, NintendulatorNRS and nintaco are the only choice. For commercial emulation, Hamster re-released several VS. System games from Nintendo and Konami as part of their Arcade Archives series (the former being exclusive to Nintendo Switch, the latter being also on PS4).

Since most VS. System games have palettes that differ from the standard RGB NES palette, ROMs made with VS. System, which are accidentally played in the emulator's NES mode (or vice-versa), will cause the colors to be totally garbled. This can occur when there is an issue with the emulator's configuration or the ROM's iNES header.

Famicom Box[edit]

Also re-released later as Sharp's FamicomStation. The hybrid NES/Famicom arcade box Nintendo Famicom Box is a bulky metal cube with a slot to insert money and secured with tons of locks. The hotel would set the amount of time you could play on one token and choose the available games. You can see it in action in season 18 of Game Center CX. It was distributed in select hotels and stores and can hold up to 15 select Famicom releases at once. It had many more hardware lockout chips and pins with different behavior than usual (it also only supported cartridges using memory mapper 0). Sports a unique boot screen for both models released.

Neither the cartridges nor the BIOS has been dumped or tested with an emulator, unlike the Super Famicom Box (which has had both its BIOSes and most of its ROMs dumped).

Dendy[edit]

A pirate NES Famicom clone that was sold in Russia and Eastern Europe, with the blueprint later reused for other Famiclones. Here's a link to a CC-subtitled Kinaman video for more details. It's a very quirky NTSC NES optimized for 50 Hertz, with many other changes from the official PAL NES as well. Though these differences often break the compatibility of Dendy-specific releases on most emulators.

MESS supports this console, and some other emulators (such as Mesen, puNES, and FCEUX) have introduced support for it, as well as support for iNES 2.0 ROM headers (including the option to mark a ROM region as PAL Dendy). The cartridges themselves can still be played as long as the emulator supports broken carts.

VTxx[edit]

VTxx is a series of NOAC (Nintendo-On-A-Chip, a kind of chip that contains all the components of a Famicom/NES) chips that implemented multiple changes and enhancements compared to regular NES, manufactured by V.R Technology.

Differences between VTxx series chips and regular NES could be checked on NesDev Wiki.

VTxx is often used in those low-quality, plug & play consoles or keyboard-shaped, so-called educational computers.

V.R Technology provides an emulator called EmuVT as official development & debugging tool, which supports the emulation of multiple kinds of VTxx series chips. It seems to be modded out of an old emulator called NNNesterJ.

NES Classic Edition[edit]

Main article: wikipedia:NES Classic Edition

The NES Classic Edition is a mini console that emulates the experience of the Nintendo Entertainment System. It includes 30 classic NES games and is compatible with the Wii Classic Controller and NES Classic Edition controller. Nintendo produced and sold about 2.3 million NES Classic Editions from November 2016 through April 2017, with shipments selling out nearly immediately. In April 2017, Nintendo announced they were discontinuing the product, leading to consumer confusion and incidents of greatly increased pricing among private sellers. Due to the demand for the NES Classic and the success of the Super NES Classic Edition console, Nintendo re-introduced the NES Classic on June 29, 2018. Production was discontinued again in December 2018.

Resources[edit]

Nesdev Wiki - A place for all your NES programming/NES emulator programming needs.
Nesdev Forum - Discussion of NES Wii Virtual Console accuracy.
Rec0deD:88 - Play a NES emulator.

References[edit]

Consoles: Color TV-Game • Nintendo Entertainment System (Family Computer) • Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super Family Computer) • Nintendo 64 • GameCube • Wii • Wii U • Nintendo Switch
Handhelds: Game & Watch • Game Boy/Color • Virtual Boy • Game Boy Advance • Nintendo DS • Nintendo DSi • Nintendo 3DS
Related: Family Computer Disk System • Satellaview • 64DD • Super Game Boy • e-Reader • Amiibo • Triforce (Arcade) • Namco ES3 (Arcade)

[ProperPC-10-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 These emulators only play the PC-10 games as a normal NES game unlike MAME which is the only emulator that properly emulating the PlayChoice-10 system at the moment.

[2] Libretro core is still active. Mesen-X fork is not active anymore so you should probably use Mesen2 or mesen_libretro core.

[Vs.DualSystemCompat-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 Supports Vs. UniSystem but no support for Vs. DualSystem. *puNES, *nestopia UE, *FCEumm, *FCEUX, *BizHawk

[RANestopia-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nestopia_libretro is not officially supported but you can still earn achievements with this core.

[5] Only available for FCEUmm_libretro.

[lrActiveonly-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Libretro core is still active.

[7] Requires games in nes or fds subdirectories, exact archives just like arcade. Not all games may be linked for this core.

[8] CI-Windows CI-Linux CI-Macos

[9] The CPU is instruction-cycle accurate but not sub-instruction cycle accurate (TODO ). While this inaccuracy doesn’t affect most games, there are some that rely on sub-instruction level timings.

[libretro-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 Only available as a libretro core (e.g., RetroArch).

[11] AoEX is based on NesterJ 1.12 Plus 0.61 RM, which includes features like rewind, cheat code support, rotated/mirrored screen, sepia palette, support for rare mappers (the pirate bootleg FF7 works on it), etc. Its compatibility is inferior to 1.13 beta 2.

[15] Up to three players only.

[microphone-16] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Cheated by pressing any specific key ("M" by default).

[17] Through an actual microphone.

[gamegenie-20] 4.0 ^4.1 Cheat authentically by using a Game Genie ROM.

[mesentest-12] ttp://www.mesen.ca/TestResults.php

[nestas-13] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 http://tasvideos.org/EmulatorResources/NESAccuracyTests.html

[14] List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories

[18] ファミコンの周辺機器が大集合!　ザ☆周辺機器ズ　15 (Archived)

[19] NES Museum: RacerMate Challenge II

[N 1]

[N 2]

[N 3]

[N 4]

[N 5]

[N 6]

[N 7]

[N 8]

[N 9]

[N 10]

[N 11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[N 1]

[N 2]

[N 3]

[4]

[5]

[N 4]

Difference between revisions of "Nintendo Entertainment System emulators"

Latest revision as of 18:19, 26 September 2023

Contents

Emulators[edit]

Comparisons[edit]

Emulation issues[edit]

Mappers[edit]

QD FDS support[edit]

Overscan[edit]

Color palette[edit]

Peripherals[edit]

Hardware variants[edit]

VS. System[edit]

Famicom Box[edit]

Dendy[edit]

VTxx[edit]

NES Classic Edition[edit]

Resources[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 }}
-The '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System Nintendo Entertainment System]''' (NES) is an 8-bit, third-generation console released on July 15, 1983 in Japan, where it was known as the '''Family Computer''' or '''Famicom''', and on October 18, 1985, it released in the US. It retailed for {{Inflation|USD|179.99|1985}}. It had a Ricoh 2A03 CPU at 1.79 MHz with 2KB of RAM.
+The '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System Nintendo Entertainment System]''' (NES) is an 8-bit, third-generation console originally released as the '''Family Computer''' or '''Famicom''', in Japan, on July 15, 1983. The Famicom retailed for ¥14800. The console would be redesigned as the NES and released on October 18, 1985 in North America. The NES retailed for {{Inflation|USD|179.99|1985}}. It had a Ricoh 2A03 CPU at 1.79 MHz with 2 KBs of RAM.
-The earliest games released on the Famicom suffered from significant hardware constraints due to the way the Famicom was designed: limited memory addressing (which meant games had a low maximum ROM size), how the graphics are loaded onscreen, just the native sound processing is available, no saving... To solve this problem, Nintendo came up with two solutions:
+The earliest games released on the Famicom suffered from significant hardware constraints due to the way the Famicom was designed: limited memory addressing (which meant games had a small maximum ROM size), how the graphics were loaded onscreen, just the native sound processing was available, no saving... To solve this problem, Nintendo came up with two solutions:
-* The '''Family Computer Disk System''' (FDS), a Japan-only add-on which played games from a semi-custom variant of Mitsumi's Quick Disk format. It offered slightly higher data storage and slightly enhanced sound processing. It also had a microphone never found anywhere else. There were plans to release it in the US, however since the NES itself had its launch delayed to late 1985, and the mapper solution obsoleted it, the add-on was never exported and some of its exclusives were ported as regular cartridge releases.
+* The '''Family Computer Disk System''' (FDS). A Japan-only add-on that played games from a semi-custom variant of Mitsumi's Quick Disk format. It offered slightly higher data storage and slightly enhanced sound processing. It also had a microphone never found anywhere else. There were plans to release it in the US; however, since the NES had its launch delayed to late 1985, and the mapper solution obsoleted it, the add-on was never exported, and some of its exclusives were ported as regular cartridge releases.
-* '''Memory Management Controllers''' (MMC), also known colloquially as '''mappers'''. They solved every single problem above with bank switching for much more data, onboard FM audio chips, and much more. Most games released after 1986 that really pushed the system to its limits used mappers. A similar solution was used for the Game Boy.
+* '''Memory Management Controllers''' (MMC), also known colloquially as '''mappers'''. They solved every aforementioned problem with bank switching for much more data, onboard FM audio chips, and much more. Most games released after 1986 that really pushed the system to its limits used mappers. A similar solution was used for the Game Boy.
-Emulation for the NES is robust, with many high-quality emulators for various systems.
+Emulation for the Famicom/NES is robust, with many high-quality emulators for various systems.
 ==Emulators==
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ! scope="col"|Platform(s)
 ! scope="col"|Latest version
-! scope="col"|[[Wikipedia:Famicom Disk System|FDS]]
+! scope="col"|<abbr title="PlayChoice-10">[https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=550 PC-10]</abbr>
+! scope="col"|<abbr title="Vs. UniSystem and Vs. DualSystem emulation">[[#VS. System|VS<br/>System]]</abbr>
+! scope="col"|<abbr title="Sprite Replacement/Tile-swapping">[[Texture Packs#Sprite Replacement (2D)|Sprite<br/>Replacement]]</abbr>
+! scope="col"|[[Netplay#NES|Netplay]]
 ! scope="col"|[[libretro]]
+! scope="col"|<small>[https://retroachievements.org/gameList.php?c=7 Retro<br/>Achievements]</small>
 ! scope="col"|[[Emulation accuracy|Accuracy]]
 ! scope="col"|<abbr title="Free/Libre and Open-Source Software">FLOSS</abbr>
@@ Line 35: / Line 39: @@
 ! scope="col"|[[Recommended emulators|Recommended]]
 |-
-!colspan="9"|PC / x86
+!colspan="13"|PC / x86
 |-
-|[[Mesen#List_of_forks|Mesen X]]
+|[[Mesen]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
-|[https://github.com/NovaSquirrel/Mesen-X/releases/ 2022-05-15]
+|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]<br/><small>[https://github.com/NovaSquirrel/Mesen-X/releases/ 2022-05-15] ([[Mesen#List_of_forks|Mesen X]])
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10>[https://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?p=148572 These emulators only play the PC-10 games as a normal NES game] unlike [[MAME]] which is the only emulator that properly emulating the PlayChoice-10 system at the moment.</ref>
+|{{✓}}[https://www.mesen.ca/docs/configuration/preferences.html#vs-dualsystem-settings *]
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|Cycle
+|{{✓}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N>[https://github.com/libretro/Mesen/commits/master Libretro core is still active]. [https://github.com/NovaSquirrel/Mesen-X/commit/9760d07474881588051d620b3c230bcdf5be08ec Mesen-X fork is not active anymore] so you should probably use [https://mesen.ca/ Mesen2] or [https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ mesen_libretro] core.</ref>
+|{{✓}}
+|-
+|[https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2 Mesen2]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
+|[https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2/tags 2.0.0-preview1]<br />[https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2#development-builds Dev]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Cycle
@@ Line 49: / Line 71: @@
 |[[puNES]]
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|FreeBSD}}
-|[https://github.com/punesemu/puNES/releases {{PuNESVer}}]
+|[https://github.com/punesemu/puNES#floppy_disk-work-in-progress-wip-builds- WIP builds]<br> [https://github.com/punesemu/puNES/releases {{PuNESVer}}]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat>Supports Vs. UniSystem but no support for Vs. DualSystem. [https://github.com/punesemu/puNES/commit/8b47febd8050cf65f2525efa610fe4e47e01e69a *puNES], [https://github.com/0ldsk00l/nestopia/blob/master/source/core/vssystem/NstVsSystem.cpp#L292 *nestopia UE], [https://github.com/libretro/libretro-fceumm/blob/master/src/drivers/libretro/libretro.c#L1490 *FCEumm], [https://github.com/TASEmulators/fceux/blob/master/src/vsuni.cpp#L187 *FCEUX], [https://tasvideos.org/Forum/Topics/17971?CurrentPage=9&Highlight=443471#443471 *BizHawk]</ref>
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Cycle
@@ Line 58: / Line 84: @@
 |-
 |[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|FreeBSD}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Web}}
-|[http://0ldsk00l.ca/nestopia/ {{NestopiaVer}}]
+|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core] <br> [http://0ldsk00l.ca/nestopia/ {{NestopiaVer}}] <br> [https://gitlab.com/jgemu/nestopia/ Nestopia JG git]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=RANestopia>[https://retroachievements.org/viewtopic.php?t=14469&o=0 Nestopia_libretro is not officially supported but you can still earn achievements with this core.]</ref>
 |Cycle
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|-
+|[[ares]]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
+|[https://nightly.link/ares-emulator/ares/workflows/build/master <abbr title="Latest development build version">git Artifacts</abbr>]<br/>[https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares/releases {{aresVer}}]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|High
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{~}}
 |-
 |[[BizHawk]]
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
-|[http://tasvideos.org/BizHawk/ReleaseHistory.html {{BizHawkVer}}]
+|[https://gitlab.com/TASVideos/BizHawk/-/pipelines Dev Builds]<br/>[http://tasvideos.org/BizHawk/ReleaseHistory.html {{BizHawkVer}}]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}[https://github.com/TASEmulators/BizHawk/issues/2450 *]
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
 |Cycle
 |{{✓}}
@@ Line 77: / Line 125: @@
 |{{~}}
 |-
-|NintendulatorNRS
+|[[Nintendulator]]/NRS
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
-|[http://unlicensed.games/libg/static.php?page=NintendulatorNRS 20220616]
+|[http://unlicensed.games/libg/static.php?page=NintendulatorNRS 2023-06-22]<br/>[http://www.qmtpro.com/~nes/nintendulator/#downloads 0.985 Beta]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Cycle
@@ Line 87: / Line 139: @@
 |{{~}}
 |-
-|[[Mesen]]
+|[[FCEUX]]<br/>[https://docs.libretro.com/library/fceumm/ <abbr title="FCEUMappersModified is an unofficial build of FCEU Ultra by CaH4e3, which supports a lot of new mappers including some obscure mappers such as one for unlicensed NES ROM's">FCEUmm_libretro</abbr>]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Sol|Web}}
-|[http://www.mesen.ca {{MesenVer}}]
+|[http://www.fceux.com/web/download.html {{FCEUXVer}}]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro (FCEUmm)]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N>Only available for [https://docs.libretro.com/library/fceumm/ FCEUmm_libretro].</ref>
+|Mid
 |{{✓}}
-|Cycle
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
 |{{~}}
 |-
 |[[3dSen]]
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
-|[http://www.geodstudio.net/ {{3dSenVRVer}}]
+|[http://www.geodstudio.net/ {{3dSenVer}}]
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{~}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
@@ Line 107: / Line 167: @@
 |{{~}}
 |-
-|[[ares]]
+|[[QuickNES]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Web}}
-|[https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares/releases {{aresVer}}]
+|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]<br/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180904003223/https://kode54.net/fb2k/QuickNES.zip 0.7.0b1 (legacy)]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|?
 |{{✓}}
+|Mid
 |{{✓}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=lrActiveonly>Libretro core is still active.</ref>
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[[Nintendulator]]
+|[[MetalNES]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
-|[http://www.qmtpro.com/~nes/nintendulator/#downloads 0.985 Beta] [https://github.com/quietust/nintendulator git]
+|[https://github.com/iaddis/metalnes git]
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
-|Cycle
+|Transistor
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
@@ Line 128: / Line 196: @@
 |-
 |[[FinalBurn Neo]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
-|[https://github.com/finalburnneo/FBNeo/releases/tag/latest WIP builds]
+|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]<br/>[https://github.com/finalburnneo/FBNeo/releases/tag/latest WIP builds]
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}[https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/FinalBurn_Neo#List_of_emulated_systems *]
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N>[https://docs.libretro.com/guides/retroachievements/#nes Requires games in nes or fds subdirectories, exact archives just like arcade. Not all games may be linked for this core].</ref>
 |High
-|{{✗}}
+|{{NC}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[https://fms.komkon.org/iNES iNES]
+|[[higan]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Solaris}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
-|[https://fms.komkon.org/iNES {{INESVer}}]
+|[https://github.com/higan-emu/higan/releases {{higanVer}}]
-|{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|High
 |?
-|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
-|-
-|My Nes
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
-|[https://github.com/alaahadid/My-Nes/releases git]
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
-|Mid
-|{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
-|-
-|[[higan]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
-|[https://github.com/higan-emu/higan/releases {{higanVer}}]
-|{{✓}}
-|{{✓}}
 |Cycle
 |{{✓}}
@@ Line 167: / Line 223: @@
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[https://prilik.com/ANESE ANESE]
+|[[VirtuaNES]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
-|[https://github.com/daniel5151/ANESE/releases git]
+|[http://virtuanes.s1.xrea.com/ 0.97]
+|?
+|?
 |{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
-|Cycle<ref group=N>[https://prilik.com/ANESE/#disclaimers The CPU is instruction-cycle accurate, but not sub-instruction cycle accurate (TODO ). While this inaccuracy doesn’t affect most games, there are some that that rely on sub-instruction level timings.]</ref>
-|{{✓}}
-|{{~}}
 |{{✗}}
-|-
+|Low
-|[[RockNES]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
-|[http://rocknes.web.fc2.com {{RockNESVer}}]
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|High
-|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
@@ Line 190: / Line 240: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
 |[http://nemulator.com/downloads.html {{NemulatorVer}}]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
@@ Line 200: / Line 254: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|macOS}}
 |[https://github.com/tsalvo/nes-emu-ios git]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |High
@@ Line 207: / Line 265: @@
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[[FCEUX]]
+|[[HDNes]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Sol}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
-|[http://www.fceux.com/web/download.html {{FCEUXVer}}]
+|[http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=9935#p109627 git]
+|?
+|?
 |{{✓}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
-|Mid
+|Low
-|{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[http://cah4e3.shedevr.org.ru/fceultra.php FCEUmm]
+|halfnes
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux}}
-|[https://sourceforge.net/projects/fceumm/ 98.13mm] ([[Emulators on Windows|Windows]])<br />[https://github.com/libretro/libretro-fceumm git] ([[libretro]])
+|[https://github.com/andrew-hoffman/halfnes git]
+|?
+|?
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✓}}
+|High
-|Mid
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✗}}
+|?
 |-
 |[[MAME]]
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
-|[http://www.mamedev.org/release.html {{MAMEVer}}]
+|<abbr title="Latest development version">git artifacts</abbr><ref group=N>[https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-windows/master CI-Windows] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-linux/master CI-Linux] [https://nightly.link/mamedev/mame/workflows/ci-macos/master CI-Macos]</ref></br>[http://www.mamedev.org/release.html {{MAMEVer}}]<br/>[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
-|Mid
+|{{✗}}
+|Cycle
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[[HDNes]]
+|[https://fms.komkon.org/iNES iNES]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD|Solaris}}
-|[http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=9935#p109627 git]
+|[https://fms.komkon.org/iNES {{INESVer}}]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
-|Low
+|High
+|?
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
+|-
+|[https://prilik.com/ANESE ANESE]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS}}
+|[https://github.com/daniel5151/ANESE/releases git]
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Cycle<ref group=N>[https://prilik.com/ANESE/#disclaimers The CPU is instruction-cycle accurate but not sub-instruction cycle accurate (TODO ). While this inaccuracy doesn’t affect most games, there are some that rely on sub-instruction level timings.]</ref>
+|{{✓}}
+|{{~}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
@@ Line 250: / Line 338: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
 |[http://www.jabosoft.com/categories/3 1.2.1]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Low
@@ Line 260: / Line 352: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|DOS|Windows9x}}
 |[http://web.archive.org/web/20070227191851/http://www.zophar.net/NESticle/nestcxxx.zip x.xx] (DOS) <br /> [https://web.archive.org/web/20070116124329/http://www.zophar.net:80/NESticle/nestc042.zip 0.42] (Win9x)
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
@@ Line 267: / Line 363: @@
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[[QuickNES]]
+|[[RockNES]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows|Linux|macOS|FreeBSD}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
-|[https://web.archive.org/web/20180904003223/https://kode54.net/fb2k/QuickNES.zip 0.7.0b1] ([[Emulators on Windows|Windows]])<br />[https://github.com/libretro/QuickNES_Core git] ([[libretro]])
+|[http://rocknes.web.fc2.com {{RockNESVer}}]
+|?
+|?
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✓}}
+|?
-|Low
-|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
-|-
+|High
-|[[VirtuaNES]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|Windows}}
-|[http://virtuanes.s1.xrea.com/ 0.97]
-|{{~}}
 |{{✗}}
-|Low
-|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-!colspan="9"|Mobile / ARM
+!colspan="14"|Mobile / ARM
 |-
-|Nestopia<ref group=N name=libretro>Only available as a libretro core (e.g. [[RetroArch]]).</ref>
+|Nestopia<ref group=N name=libretro>Only available as a libretro core (e.g., [[RetroArch]]).</ref>
 |align=left|{{Icon|Android|iOS}}
-|1.44
+|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=RANestopia></ref>
+|Cycle
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
-|High
+|{{✓}}
+|-
+|[https://docs.libretro.com/library/fceumm/ <abbr title="FCEUMappersModified is an unofficial build of FCEU Ultra by CaH4e3, which supports a lot of new mappers including some obscure mappers such as one for unlicensed NES ROM's">FCEUmm_libretro</abbr>]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Android|iOS}}
+|[https://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/ libretro core]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|Mid
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
@@ Line 302: / Line 410: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Android|Pyra}}
 |[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.explusalpha.NesEmu&hl=en_IN&gl=US {{.emuVer}}][https://github.com/Rakashazi/emu-ex-plus-alpha git]<small> (Android)</small><br/>[https://pyra-handheld.com/repo/apps/80 1.5.46.02]<small> (Pyra)</small>
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |High
@@ Line 308: / Line 420: @@
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|-
+|[[Jnes]]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
+|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jabosoft.silverarrow 1.2.6.26]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Mid
+|{{✗}}
+|{{~}}
+|{{~}}
 |-
 |FreeiNES
 |align=left|{{Icon|Android|Maemo}}<br/>{{Icon|Symbian}}
 |[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fms.ines.free&hl=en_US&gl=US 6.1.4]<small> (Android)</small><br/>[https://fms.komkon.org/iNES/ines_3.6.5-1_armel.deb 3.6.5]<small> (Maemo)</small><br/>[https://www.mobiles24.co/downloads/s/229852-184-ines 3.6] <small>([[Emulators on Symbian|Symbian]])</small>
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |High
@@ Line 322: / Line 452: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
 |[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fms.emu&hl=en&gl=US {{VGBANextVer}}]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |High
@@ Line 332: / Line 466: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Linux|Pandora|GP2X}}<br/>{{Icon|Wiz}}
 |[http://repo.openpandora.org/?page=detail&app=package.gpfce.notaz 0.81.0.r2]<small> (Pandora)</small><br/>[https://dl.openhandhelds.org/cgi-bin/gp2x.cgi?0,0,0,0,71,2136 0.4 r313] <small>(GP2X)</small><br/>[https://dl.openhandhelds.org/cgi-bin/wiz.cgi?0,0,0,0,71,51 0.4+] <small>(Wiz)</small>
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
@@ Line 339: / Line 477: @@
 |{{~}}
 |-
-|John NESS
+|vNES
-|align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|Java|Symbian}}
-|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.johnemulators.johnness 1.09]
+|[http://web.archive.org/web/20111010231155/http://www.vampent.com/vnes.htm 1.7 (S60v3)][https://github.com/Summeli/vNes-Asha git]<br/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061202055857/http://www.vampent.com:80/files/vNesJ2ME.zip 1.2][http://emul.lark.ru/dendy/emu/vnes.html alt]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
-|Mid
 |{{✗}}
+|Low
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
+|{{~}}
 |-
-|[[Jnes]]
+|Nostalgia.NES
 |align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
-|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jabosoft.silverarrow 1.2.6.26]
+|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nostalgiaemulators.neslite 2.0.9]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{~}}
-|{{✗}}
 |-
-|Nostalgia.NES
+|John NESS
 |align=left|{{Icon|Android}}
-|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nostalgiaemulators.neslite 2.0.9]
+|[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.johnemulators.johnness 1.09]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
@@ Line 372: / Line 522: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Pandora|Wiz|Dingoo}}
 |[https://code.google.com/archive/p/nesemu/downloads 0.2.3 Beta Preview]<br/><small> (Pandora)</small>[https://dl.openhandhelds.org/cgi-bin/wiz.cgi?0,0,0,0,71,235 V1] <small>(Wiz)</small><br/>[https://dl.openhandhelds.org/cgi-bin/dingoo.cgi?0,0,0,0,71,181 0.2] <small>(Dingoo)</small>
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
@@ Line 382: / Line 536: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Pandora}}
 |[https://repo.openpandora.org/?page=detail&app=nestopia-app V2]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
@@ Line 392: / Line 550: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|iOS|AppleTV}}
 |[https://github.com/tsalvo/nes-emu-ios git]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
@@ Line 402: / Line 564: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|WinMobile}}
 |[https://www.zophar.net/wmsphone/nes/pocketnester+.html 0.9]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Low
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|-
+|nintaco
+|align=left|{{Icon|Java}}
+|[https://nintaco.com/ 2020-05-01]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
-|Low
 |{{✗}}
+|Cycle
+|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-!colspan="9"|Consoles
+!colspan="14"|Consoles
 |-
-|[[L-CLASSICS|Switch Online]]
+|[[Nintendo Switch Online]]<br/><small>([[L-CLASSICS]])</small>
 |align=left|{{Icon|Switch}}
 |2.3.0
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |High
@@ Line 424: / Line 608: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|Wii|3DS|WiiU}}
 |N/A
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Low-Mid
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
+|-
+|[[NES Remix]]<br/><small>([[Heritage]])</small>
+|align=left|{{Icon|WiiU|3DS}}
+|HeriC
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{n}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{n}}
+|-
+| pNES
+|align=left|{{Icon|Switch|Vita}}
+|[https://github.com/Cpasjuste/pemu/releases git]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|High
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|-
+|FCEUltra for PS2
+|align=left|{{Icon|PS2}}
+|[https://www.emuparadise.me/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Emulators/Playstation_2/FCEUltra/146 0.9.3]<br/>[https://mundowiihack.wordpress.com/tag/fce-ultra 0.90i Mod]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✓}}
+|{{~}}
 |{{✓}}
 |-
 |Nestopia<ref group=N name=libretro/>
-|align=left|{{Icon|PS3|360|Wii}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|PS4|PS3}}<br/>{{Icon|PSP|NGC}}<br/>{{Icon|Wii|WiiU|3DS}}<br/>{{Icon|360|Xbox}}
-|1.44
+|[https://www.retroarch.com/?page=platforms libretro core]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
-|Mid
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=RANestopia></ref>
+|Cycle
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
 |-
-|[[FCEUX|FCE Ultra GX]]
+|QuickNES<ref group=N name=libretro/>
-|align=left|{{Icon|GCN|Wii}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|PS2|PSP}}<br/>{{Icon|PS3}}<br/>{{Icon|PS4|Vita|NGC}}<br/>{{Icon|Wii}}<br/>{{Icon|Switch|WiiU|3DS}}
-|[https://github.com/dborth/fceugx/releases {{FCEUXGXVer}}]
+|[https://www.retroarch.com/?page=platforms libretro core]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|Mid
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|Mid
+|{{✗}}
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=lrActiveonly></ref>
 |{{✓}}
 |-
-| pNES
+|FCEUmm<ref group=N name=libretro/>
-|align=left|{{Icon|Switch|Vita}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|PS2|PSP}}<br/>{{Icon|PS3|PS4}}<br/>{{Icon|Vita|NGC|Wii|WiiU}}<br/>{{Icon|3DS|NX|Xbox360}}
-|[https://github.com/Cpasjuste/pemu/releases git]
+|[https://www.retroarch.com/?page=platforms libretro core]
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=ProperPC-10></ref>
+|{{~}}<ref group=N name=Vs.DualSystemCompat></ref>
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|High
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
+|Mid
 |{{✓}}
-|-
-|NesterJ<ref group=N>AoEX is based on NesterJ 1.12 Plus 0.61 RM, so it includes features like rewind, cheat code support, rotated/mirrored screen, sepia palette, support for rare mappers (the pirate bootleg FF7 works on it), etc. Its compatibility is inferior to 1.13 beta 2.</ref>
-|align=left|{{Icon|PSP}}
-|[http://filetrip.net/psp-downloads/homebrew/download-nesterj-113-beta-2-f27533.html 1.13 beta 2]<br />[http://filetrip.net/psp-downloads/homebrew/download-nesterj-112aoex-r3-f29028.html AoEX]
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|Mid
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|{{~}}
 |-
-|FCEUltra for PS2
+|[[FCEUX|FCE Ultra GX]]
-|align=left|{{Icon|PS2}}
+|align=left|{{Icon|GCN|Wii}}
-|[https://www.emuparadise.me/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Emulators/Playstation_2/FCEUltra/146 0.9.3]<br/>[https://mundowiihack.wordpress.com/tag/fce-ultra 0.90i Mod]
+|[https://github.com/dborth/fceugx/releases {{FCEUXGXVer}}]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
-|{{✗}}
+|?
-|Mid
 |{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
+|Mid
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✓}}
 |-
 |[https://hcs64.com/neon64.html Neon64]
 |align=left|{{Icon|N64}}
 |[https://github.com/hcs64/neon64v2 git]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Low-Mid
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
-|Mid
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✗}}
 |-
 |VirtuaNES for 3DS
 |align=left|{{Icon|3DS}}
 |[https://github.com/TBirdSoars/VirtuaNES git]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Mid
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
+|-
+|NesterJ<ref group=N>AoEX is based on NesterJ 1.12 Plus 0.61 RM, which includes features like rewind, cheat code support, rotated/mirrored screen, sepia palette, support for rare mappers (the pirate bootleg FF7 works on it), etc. Its compatibility is inferior to 1.13 beta 2.</ref>
+|align=left|{{Icon|PSP}}
+|[http://filetrip.net/psp-downloads/homebrew/download-nesterj-113-beta-2-f27533.html 1.13 beta 2]<br />[http://filetrip.net/psp-downloads/homebrew/download-nesterj-112aoex-r3-f29028.html AoEX]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
 |-
 |nesDS
 |align=left|{{Icon|NDS}}
 |[https://sourceforge.net/projects/nesds/files/nesds1.3a.zip/download 1.3a]
-|{{✓}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Low
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
+|-
+|PocketNES
+|align=left|{{Icon|GBA}}
+|[https://www.dwedit.org/gba/pocketnes_2013_07_01.zip 7-1-2013]
+|?
+|?
 |{{✗}}
-|-
+|?
-|imbNES
-|align=left|{{Icon|PS1}}
-|[http://web.archive.org/web/20090221132233/http://imbnes.gamebase.ca:80/downloads.html 1.3.2]
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Low
-|{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
+|{{~}}
 |-
 |NESBox
 |align=left|{{Icon|XB1}}
 |[https://nesbox.com v4]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Low
 |{{✗}}
+|{{✓}}
+|{{~}}
+|-
+|imbNES
+|align=left|{{Icon|PS1}}
+|[http://web.archive.org/web/20090221132233/http://imbnes.gamebase.ca:80/downloads.html 1.3.2]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|Low
 |{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-|[[Project Nested]]
+||[[Project Nested]]
 |align=left|{{Icon|SNES}}
 |[https://github.com/Myself086/Project-Nested/releases {{ProjectNestedVer}}]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Low
 |{{✓}}
-|{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |-
@@ Line 544: / Line 832: @@
 |align=left|{{Icon|MD}}
 |[http://pscd.ru/games/smd/nsmd/1247-nemul.html 1.0]
+|?
+|?
 |{{✗}}
-|{{✗}}
+|?
-|Low
-|{{✗}}
-|{{✗}}
-|{{✗}}
-|-
-|PocketNES
-|align=left|{{Icon|GBA}}
-|[https://www.dwedit.org/gba/pocketnes_2013_07_01.zip 7-1-2013]
 |{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
@@ Line 561: / Line 843: @@
 |{{✗}}
 |-
-!colspan="9"|Other
+!colspan="14"|Calculator
 |-
 |[https://zardam.github.io/webnofrendo numworks-nofrendo]
 |align=left|{{Icon|Numworks}}
 |[https://github.com/zardam/numworks-nofrendo git]
-|{{~}}
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✗}}
 |{{✗}}
 |Mid
@@ Line 572: / Line 858: @@
 |{{✓}}
 |{{✗}}
+|-
+|[https://www.ticalc.org/archives/files/fileinfo/432/43217.html NESpire]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Nspire}}
+|[https://www.ticalc.org/archives/files/fileinfo/432/43217.html 0.30] <br> [https://github.com/tangrs/nespire-tangrs-mod git]<small> (tangrs-mod)</small>
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✓}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{~}}
+|-
+|[https://github.com/tswilliamson/nesizm NESizm]
+|align=left|{{Icon|Prizm}}
+|[https://github.com/tswilliamson/nesizm/releases/tag/v1.00 1.00]
+|?
+|?
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|{{✗}}
+|?
+|{{✓}}
+|{{?}}
+|{{~}}
 |}
 </div>
@@ Line 577: / Line 891: @@
 ===Comparisons===
-*[[Mesen]] is the most accurate NES emulator according to currently established NES test ROM suites.<ref name="mesentest">http://www.mesen.ca/TestResults.php</ref> It should be the emulator of choice for those who desire the utmost accuracy. Mesen is also very user-friendly and supports a lot of features that other emulators are missing such as; [[Texture_packs|HD packs]], [[netplay]], auto-updating, [[Shaders and filters|good built-in filters]], both .zip and [[GoodTools|goodmerged]] file loading, etc. The standalone emulator has ceased development for unknown reasons, but the libretro fork and NovaSquirrel's fork is still active.
+*[[Mesen]] is the most accurate NES emulator according to currently established NES test ROM suites.<ref name="mesentest">http://www.mesen.ca/TestResults.php</ref> It should be the emulator of choice for those who desire the utmost accuracy. Mesen is also very user-friendly and supports a lot of features that other emulators are missing, such as; [[Texture_packs|HD packs]], [[netplay]], auto-updating, [[Shaders and filters|good built-in filters]], both .zip and [[GoodTools|goodmerged]] file loading, etc. The standalone emulator ceased development around October 2020 for unknown reasons, but the [https://github.com/libretro/Mesen libretro] fork is still active and the original developer resumed development in March 2021 with multi-system emulator [https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2 Mesen2].
-*[[puNES]] is the second most accurate NES/FDS emulator according to a separate test battery run by the TASVideos community.<ref name="nestas">http://tasvideos.org/EmulatorResources/NESAccuracyTests.html</ref>
+*[[puNES]] is the second most accurate NES/FDS emulator, according to a separate test battery run by the TASVideos community.<ref name="nestas">http://tasvideos.org/EmulatorResources/NESAccuracyTests.html</ref>
-*[[Nestopia]] also has a high ranking in those same tests.<ref name="nestas"/> Even so, Nestopia has issues with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles and doesn't display the status bar in Mickey's Safari in Letterland correctly (among other problems). Nestopia Undead Edition is a fork of Nestopia meant to keep it alive and fix the aforementioned bugs. This version is generally recommended over vanilla. Even the libretro core for Nestopia is in the Undead Edition.
+*[[Nestopia]] also has a high ranking in those same tests.<ref name="nestas"/> Even so, Nestopia has issues with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles_(video_game) ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles''] and doesn't display the status bar in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s_Safari_in_Letterland ''Mickey's Safari in Letterland''] correctly (among other problems). Nestopia Undead Edition is a fork of Nestopia meant to keep it alive and fix the aforementioned bugs. This version is generally recommended over vanilla. Even the libretro core for Nestopia is in the Undead Edition.
-*[[Nintendulator]] and My Nes also have a fairly high ranking in those tests.<ref name="nestas"/>. NintendulatorNRS is a fork of Nintendulator which has support for the Famicom Disk System, rare mappers, and many unlicensed and bootleg carts and systems.
+*[[Nintendulator]] and My Nes also have a fairly high ranking in those tests.<ref name="nestas"/>. NintendulatorNRS is a fork of Nintendulator that supports the Famicom Disk System, rare mappers, VRT chipsets, and many unlicensed and bootleg carts and systems.
 *[[FCEUX]] scores rather low in these tests, despite being a recommended emulator on TAS Videos. The New PPU is more accurate than the Old PPU, thankfully. The emulator is still useful, though, thanks to its robust Lua scripting and incorporating FCEUmm into its feature set.
-*[[VirtuaNES]] also scores quite low in the tests, but in turn supports several obscure [[#Peripherals|peripherals]] that are not available on other emulators.
+*[[VirtuaNES]] also scores quite low in the tests but, in turn, supports several obscure [[#Peripherals|peripherals]] that are not available on other emulators.
 *For official emulation, there is Nintendo's own [[Virtual Console]] or [[L-CLASSICS|Nintendo Switch Online]]. The Wii has a significantly larger library of NES games to choose from than the 3DS or Wii U, especially from third-party publishers.
-There are many other NES emulators not listed here, as the NES has more emulators than any other system (new ones are started all the time). Only those that are well known or stand out in some way are covered here.
+There are many other NES emulators not listed here, as the NES has more emulators than any other system (new ones are started all the time). Only those that are well-known or stand out in some way are covered here.
 ==Emulation issues==
 ===Mappers===
 A key difference between many emulators nowadays is how many mappers they support.
-* '''No mapper:''' Supported on every emulator even official Nintendo emulators.
+* '''No mapper:''' Supported on every emulator, even official Nintendo emulators.
 * '''Official mappers''' (UNROM, AOROM, MMC1-6): Most emulators, as well as Nintendo's Virtual Console (but not their GBA emulators),  will cover these.
-* '''Third party mappers''' (Various: e.g. Konami's VRC6/VRC7) While officially licensed by Nintendo, they were not allowed outside Japan. As a result, for their Western releases, many games that took advantage of their features (advanced ROM mapping, extra sound channels) were reprogrammed significantly and shipped on the official mappers, often with simplified soundtracks. A lot of fan emulators worth their salt will cover these. With those, you cover the entire officially licensed library.
+* '''Third-party mappers''' (Various: e.g., Konami's VRC6/VRC7) While officially licensed by Nintendo, they were not allowed outside Japan. As a result, for their Western releases, many games that took advantage of their features (advanced ROM mapping, extra sound channels) were reprogrammed significantly and shipped on the official mappers, often with simplified soundtracks. A lot of fan emulators worth their salt will cover these. With those, you cover the entire officially licensed library.
-* '''Unlicensed mappers:''' Mostly used by pirate cartridges, often long past the console's official commercial lifespan. Only the more accurate emulators ([https://github.com/NovaSquirrel/Mesen-X/commits/master/Core Mesen-X], [https://github.com/punesemu/puNES/commits/master/src/core/mappers puNES], NintendulatorNRS, [https://github.com/0ldsk00l/nestopia/commits/master/source/core/board Nestopia UE]) will even bother covering them in a whack-a-mole quest for every new one discovered to this very day. If you're not interested in '''unlicensed''' Chinese or Russian bootlegs or newer unofficial NES demakes, it isn't a problem.
+* '''Unlicensed mappers:''' Mostly used by pirate cartridges, often long past the console's official commercial lifespan. Only the most active and recommended emulators ([https://github.com/libretro/Mesen/tree/master/Core Mesen], [https://github.com/punesemu/puNES/commits/master/src/core/mappers puNES], [https://github.com/0ldsk00l/nestopia/commits/master/source/core/board Nestopia UE], [https://www.mediafire.com/file/l56fw5ozxu1w36d/nintendulatorNRS-src-mappers_2022-09-12.7z/file NintendulatorNRS], [https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/nintendo MAME]) will even bother covering them in a whack-a-mole quest for every new one discovered to this very day. If you're not interested in '''unlicensed''' Chinese or Russian bootlegs or newer unofficial NES demakes, it isn't a problem.
-The NES ROM information isn't sufficient to describe the cartridge and emulate it, so emulators have to include the layout and behavior of these mappers in their code, while the ROM header tells the emulator which mapper to choose. So unlike with other consoles, no matter how accurate a given NES emulator will get, it will still never be able to run newly discovered ROM dumps from cartridges that used a so-far unknown mapper. Thus, Unlicensed NES support will be inevitably incomplete and a constant work-in-progress, hence claims some emulators are "inaccurate".
+The NES ROM information isn't sufficient to describe the cartridge and emulate it, so emulators have to include the layout and behavior of these mappers in their code. At the same time, the ROM header tells the emulator which mapper to choose. So unlike with other consoles, no matter how accurate a given NES emulator will get, it will still never be able to run newly discovered ROM dumps from cartridges that used a so-far unknown mapper. Thus, Unlicensed NES support will be inevitably incomplete and a constant work-in-progress, hence claims some emulators are "inaccurate".
-Related to this issue: This is why most emulators won't run unheadered NES ROMs. Newer versions of Nestopia can open those, but they're handled in a slightly different way: the information that would have been included in the iNES header is instead provided in emulator configuration files that get summoned as long as the ROM's hash matches exactly the No-Intro dump of that given game (which is inconvenient for romhacks).
+Related to this issue: This is why most emulators won't run unheadered NES ROMs. Newer versions of Nestopia can open those, but they're handled in a slightly different way: the information that would have been included in the iNES header is instead provided in emulator configuration files that get summoned as long as the ROM's hash matches exactly the No-Intro dump of that given game (which is inconvenient for ROM hacks).
 ===QD FDS support===
-Games dumped off the Famicom Disc System come into two major types:
+Games dumped off the Famicom Disk System come into two major types:
 * '''.fds format''': Most common format. Ubiquitous in ROM sets (GoodSets, No-Intro). Omits some checksum data.
-* '''.qd format''' (stands for QuickDisk): Only ever used in official Nintendo re-releases. Almost identical to fds, but a full dump with checksum data. May omit padding.
+* '''.qd format''' (stands for QuickDisk): Only ever used in official Nintendo re-releases. Almost identical to FDS, except QD is a full dump with checksum data. May omit padding.
-The checksum data in question would be checked at BIOS startup to verify the integrity of the image and whether it was tampered with, in which case it will throw an anti-piracy error. As of now, no NES emulators support the alternate more complete dumps, as well as fudging that check's result to always return a negative. To emulate a .qd image, stripping the checksum data with a custom script is needed.
+The checksum data in question would be checked at BIOS startup to verify the integrity of the image and whether it was tampered with, in which case it will throw an anti-piracy error. As of now, no NES emulators support the alternate, more complete dumps and fudging that check's result to always return a negative. To emulate a .qd image, stripping the checksum data with a custom script is needed.
 ===Overscan===
 {{Main|Overscan}}
-[[File:Retroarch_2013-08-16_06-32-24-62.png|thumb|250px|Example of faulty visuals that are exposed when no overscan is cropped. Note the blank blue area to the left and the green garbage on the right. On NTSC CRT TVs, these areas may or may not be visible]]Several NES games need their overscan to be cropped to look proper. Unfortunately, there is no standard level of overcropping. Many games require different levels for best results. For example, Super Mario Bros. 3 requires quite a bit of cropping, however, the same level of cropping will obscure the letters of the status bar in Castlevania games.
+[[File:Retroarch_2013-08-16_06-32-24-62.png|thumb|250px|Example of faulty visuals that are exposed when no overscan is cropped. Note the blank blue area to the left and the green garbage on the right. On NTSC CRT TVs, these areas may or may not be visible]]Several NES games need their overscan to be cropped to look proper. Unfortunately, there is no standard level of overcropping. Many games require different levels for the best results. For example, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros._3 ''Super Mario Bros. 3''] requires quite a bit of cropping. However, the same level of cropping will obscure the letters of the status bar in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania#Games ''Castlevania''] games.
 ===Color palette===
@@ Line 617: / Line 931: @@
 Unlike consoles such as the SNES, which natively generate their image in pure RGB, the Famicom normally generates and outputs an encoded NTSC video signal. This must then be decoded by the TV's built-in NTSC decoder, which means the resulting color palette often varies depending on the display's decoder. For this reason, NES games will appear to have different colors on different TV sets. To properly emulate this part of the NES experience, many Famicom emulators have a variety of different palettes to choose from.
-The 3DS and Wii U versions of [[Virtual Console]] use extremely dark color palettes. This is apparently not an accuracy issue, but rather an anti-epilepsy measure. For the Nintendo Switch Online service, the games were directly edited to remove seizure-inducing patterns, allowing it to use a normal palette.
+The Wii and Wii U versions of [[Virtual Console]] use extremely dark color palettes. This is apparently not an accuracy issue, but rather an anti-epilepsy measure. For the Nintendo Switch Online service, the games were directly edited to remove seizure-inducing patterns, allowing it to use a normal palette.
 ==Peripherals==
-There were many accessories released for the NES but Emulation General only covers accessories that are truly differentiated data streams from the basic controller. For example, the Power Glove is in actuality just a really complicated NES controller, designed to convert motion into D-PAD, SELECT, START, A, and B button commands. The same goes for R.O.B. and his  ''Stack-up'' and ''Gyromite'' games because he was really just the second player. Strangely, the Famicom has a lot more peripheral hardware to emulate than the NES.<ref>[[Wikipedia:List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories|List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories]]</ref>
+There were many accessories released for the Famicom and NES but Emulation General only covers accessories that are truly differentiated data streams from the basic controller. For example, the Power Glove is, in actuality, just a really complicated NES controller designed to convert motion into D-PAD, SELECT, START, A, and B button commands. The same goes for R.O.B. and his  ''Stack-up'' and ''Gyromite'' games because he was really just the second player. Strangely, the Famicom has a lot more peripheral hardware to emulate than the NES.<ref>[[Wikipedia:List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories|List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories]]</ref>
 <div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
@@ Line 631: / Line 945: @@
 |-
 !Zapper
-|An electronic light gun accessory that allowing players to aim at the display and shoot various objects that appear on the screen.
+|An electronic light gun accessory that allows players to aim at the display and shoot various objects that appear on the screen.
 |''[[Wikipedia:Duck Hunt|Duck Hunt]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Wild Gunman|Wild Gunman]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Hogan's Alley (video game)|Hogan's Alley]]''
 |Various
@@ Line 637: / Line 951: @@
 |-
 !Arkanoid/Vaus Controller
-|A specific game controller with one button to "fire" and a dial to control back and forth movement.
+|A specific game controller with one button to "fire" and a dial to control back-and-forth movement.
 |''[[Wikipedia:Arkanoid|Arkanoid]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Arkanoid: Revenge of Doh|Arkanoid: Revenge of Doh]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Chase H.Q.|Chase H.Q.]]''
 |Various
@@ Line 643: / Line 957: @@
 |-
 !Power Pad<br/>Family Trainer<br/>Family Fun Fitness
-|A game controller that allows players stepping on a gray floor mat with 12 pressure-sensors embedded between flexible plastic to control gameplay.
+|A game controller that allows players to step on a gray floor mat with 12 pressure-sensors embedded between flexible plastic to control gameplay.
 |''[[Wikipedia:Stadium Events|Stadium Events]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Dance Aerobics|Dance Aerobics]]''<br/>''Athletic World''
 |[[FCEUX]]
@@ Line 649: / Line 963: @@
 |-
 !NES Four Score<br/>NES Satellite<br/>4-Player Adaptor
-|A multitap accessory that allows players to enable up to 4-player gameplay using infrared wireless communication.
+|A multitap accessory that enables up to 4-player gameplay using infrared wireless communication.
 |''[[Wikipedia:R.C. Pro-Am II|R.C. Pro-Am II]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Bomberman II|Bomberman II]]''<ref group=N>Up to three players only.</ref><br/>''[[Wikipedia:Gauntlet II|Gauntlet II]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Nintendo World Cup|Nintendo World Cup]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)#Video games|A Nightmare on Elm Street]]''
 |Various
-|Emulated by having an option to switch between 2-player and 4-player mode or just enabling/disabling Player 3 and Player 4's controller.
+|Emulated by having the option to switch between 2-player and 4-player mode or just enabling/disabling Player 3 and Player 4's controller.
 |-
-!Family Computer Disk System
+!Family Computer Disk System & FDS
 |''See above''
-|''[[Wikipedia:The Legend of Zelda (video game)|Legend of Zelda: The Hyrule Fantasy]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Zelda II: The Adventure of Link|Zelda II: The Adventure of Link]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Metroid|Metroid]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Kid Icarus|Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Castlevania (1986 video game)|Akumajō Dracula]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Ice Hockey (1988 video game)|Ice Hockey]]''
+|''[[Wikipedia:Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels|Super Mario Bros. 2]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:The Legend of Zelda (video game)|Legend of Zelda: The Hyrule Fantasy]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Zelda II: The Adventure of Link|Zelda II: The Adventure of Link]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Metroid|Metroid]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Kid Icarus|Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Castlevania (1986 video game)|Akumajō Dracula]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Ice Hockey (1988 video game)|Ice Hockey]]''
-|Various
+|<small>[[Mesen]]<br/>[[Mesen|Mesen2]]<br/>[[puNES]]<br/>[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]<br/>[[ares]]<br/>[[BizHawk]]<br/>[[Nintendulator|Nintendulator NRS]]<br/>[https://docs.libretro.com/library/fceumm/ FCEumm_libretro]<br/>[[FinalBurn_Neo]]<br/>[[higan]]<br/>[[MAME]]<br/>[https://fms.komkon.org/iNES iNES]<br/>[[Jnes]]<br/>[[RockNES]]<br/>[https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System_emulators&diff=58606&oldid=57673#Emulators Others...]</small>
-|BIOS file (which can be found [[Emulator_Files#NES_.2F_Famicom|here]]) is required for FDS emulation. Note that there's two versions of the BIOS: the one that comes with FDS and another one that comes with Sharp's [[Wikipedia:Twin Famicom|Twin Famicom]]. They function identically despite showing different intro during first boot.
+|The BIOS file (which can be found [[Emulator_Files#NES_.2F_Famicom|here]]) is required for FDS emulation. Note that there are two versions of the BIOS: one that comes with FDS and another that comes with Sharp's [[Wikipedia:Twin Famicom|Twin Famicom]]. They function identically despite showing a different intro during the first boot.
 |-
 !Microphone
-|A Japan-exclusive built-in feature in the original Player 2 Famicom controller that allows players to use external sound source (e.g. player's voice) as input.
+|A Japan-exclusive, built-in feature in the original Player 2 Famicom controller that allows players to use an external sound source (e.g., the player's voice) as input.
 |''[[Wikipedia:The Legend of Zelda (video game)|Legend of Zelda: The Hyrule Fantasy]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Kid Icarus|Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:The Legend of Zelda (video game)|Kaiketsu Yanchamaru]]''
-|[[Mesen]]<ref group=N name=microphone>Cheated by pressing any specific key ("M" by default).</ref><br/>[[VirtuaNES]]<ref group=N name=microphone/><br/>[[Virtual Console]]<ref group=N>Through an actual microphone.</ref>
+|[[Mesen]]<ref group=N name=microphone>Cheated by pressing any specific key ("M" by default).</ref><br/>[[puNES]]<ref group=N name=microphone/><br/>[[VirtuaNES]]<ref group=N name=microphone/><br/>[[Virtual Console]]<ref group=N>Through an actual microphone.</ref>
 |N/A
 |-
 !Family BASIC
-|A Japan-exclusive peripheral that includes a enchanced dialect of [[Wikipedia:BASIC|BASIC]] programming language that allow users to create programs in Famicom. It comes with a special designed cartridge, keyboard, and the Data Recorder.
+|A Japan-exclusive peripheral with an enhanced [[Wikipedia:BASIC|BASIC]] programming language dialect. It allows users to create programs in the Famicom. It has a specially designed cartridge, keyboard, and Data Recorder.
 |''Family BASIC''
-|[[Mesen]]<br/>[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]<br/>[[FCEUX]]<br/>[[VirtuaNES]]
+|[[Mesen]]<br/>[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]<br/>[[FCEUX]]<br/>[[puNES]]<br/>[[VirtuaNES]]
 |N/A
 |-
@@ Line 675: / Line 989: @@
 |A Japan-exclusive compact cassette tape data interface as an addition to the Family BASIC to save data from BASIC programs created by users.
 |''Family BASIC''
-|[[Mesen]]<br/>[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]<br/>[[VirtuaNES]]
+|[[Mesen]]<br/>[[Nestopia|Nestopia UE]]<br/>[[puNES]]<br/>[[VirtuaNES]]
 |N/A
 |-
 !Famicom 3D System
-|A Japan-exclusive active shutter glasses headset which allowed compatible games to display a stereoscopic image for 3D experience.
+|A Japan-exclusive active shutter glasses headset that allowed compatible games to display a stereoscopic image for a 3D experience.
 |''[[Wikipedia:List of Mario racing games#Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally|Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Rad Racer|Highway Star]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Falsion|Falsion]]''
 |[[RetroArch]]
-|[https://github.com/libretro/glsl-shaders/tree/master/stereoscopic-3d GLSL shaders] is needed for RetroArch to simulate the 3D experience with [[Virtual reality|VR]] headset, 3D TV, 3D projector or Android phone with cardboard.
+|[https://github.com/libretro/glsl-shaders/tree/master/stereoscopic-3d GLSL shaders] are needed for RetroArch to simulate the 3D experience with a [[Virtual reality|VR]] headset, 3D TV, 3D projector or Android phone with cardboard.
 |-
 !Miracle Piano Teaching System
@@ Line 691: / Line 1,005: @@
 |-
 !ASCII TurboFile<br/>ASCII TurboFile II
-|A Japan-exclusive external storage devices for saving game positions on Famicom.
+|A Japan-exclusive external storage device for saving game positions on Famicom.
 |''[[Wikipedia:Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord|Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds|Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:River City Ransom|Downtown Nekketsu Monogatari]]''<br/>''[[Wikipedia:Miracle Warriors: Seal of the Dark Lord|Haja no Fūin]]''
 |[[VirtuaNES]]
@@ Line 703: / Line 1,017: @@
 |-
 !RacerMate CompuTrainer Pro
-|A rare series of peripherals for the game ''RacerMate Challenge II''. It comes with a interface box, a bike trainer as well as a handlebar display.<ref>[http://www.nesmuseum.com/racermate.html NES Museum: RacerMate Challenge II]</ref>
+|A rare series of peripherals for the game ''RacerMate Challenge II''. It has an interface box, a bike trainer, and a handlebar display.<ref>[http://www.nesmuseum.com/racermate.html NES Museum: RacerMate Challenge II]</ref>
 |''RacerMate Challenge II''
 |N/A
@@ Line 709: / Line 1,023: @@
 |-
 !Game Genie
-|A pass-through devices that attached between a cartridge and the console, allowing the player to manipulate various aspects of games and access unused assets and functions by temporarily modify game data.
+|A pass-through device that is attached between a cartridge and the console that allows the player to manipulate various aspects of games and access unused assets and functions by temporarily modify game data.
 |Various
 |[[FCEUX]]<ref group=N name=gamegenie>Cheat authentically by using a Game Genie ROM.</ref><br/>[[puNES]]<ref group=N name=gamegenie/>
@@ Line 715: / Line 1,029: @@
 |-
 !Family Computer Network System<br/>Famicom Modem
-|A Japan-exclusive network peripheral that allowed users to connect to a Nintendo server which provided extra content such as jokes, news, game tips, weather forecasts, horse betting and downloadable content via dial-up modem.
+|A Japan-exclusive network peripheral that allowed users to connect to a Nintendo server that provided extra content such as jokes, news, game tips, weather forecasts, horse betting and downloadable content via dial-up modem.
 |N/A
 |N/A
@@ Line 725: / Line 1,039: @@
 ==Hardware variants==
 ===VS. System===
-An arcade system based on the NES released for the US. It was released in two different cabinet variations: '''Vs. UniSystem''' and '''Vs. DualSystem''', which the later have double chipsets on the PCB and is capable of handling two different programs or simply two separate copies of a single program simultaneously.
+An arcade system based on the NES released for the US. It was released in two different cabinet variations: '''Vs. UniSystem''' and '''Vs. DualSystem'''. The latter has double chipsets on the PCB and is capable of handling two different programs or simply two separate copies of a single program simultaneously.
-Most emulators support games in Vs. UniSystem cabinet by setting up different DIP switches. But for games in Vs. DualSystem cabinet, [[MAME]] is the only choice.
+Most emulators support games in Vs. UniSystem cabinet by setting up different DIP switches. But for games in Vs. DualSystem cabinet; [[MAME]], [[Mesen]], NintendulatorNRS and [https://nintaco.com/faq.html#VsDualSystem nintaco] are the only choice. For commercial emulation, Hamster re-released several VS. System games from Nintendo and Konami as part of their ''Arcade Archives'' series (the former being exclusive to Nintendo Switch, the latter being also on PS4).
-Since most VS. System games have palettes that differ from the standard RGB NES palette, roms made with VS. System which are accidentally played in the emulator's NES mode (or vice-versa) will cause the colors to be totally garbled. This can occur when there is an issue with the emulator's configuration or the ROM's iNES header.
+Since most VS. System games have palettes that differ from the standard RGB NES palette, ROMs made with VS. System, which are accidentally played in the emulator's NES mode (or vice-versa), will cause the colors to be totally garbled. This can occur when there is an issue with the emulator's configuration or the ROM's iNES header.
 ===Famicom Box===
-Also re-released later as Sharp's FamicomStation. The hybrid NES/Famicom arcade box [http://famicomworld.com/system/other/famicombox/ Nintendo Famicom Box] is a bulky metal cube, with a slot to insert money and secured with tons of locks. The hotel would set the amount of time you could play on one token, and choose the games available. You can see it in action in season 18 of [http://www.gamingcx.com/ Game Center CX]. It was distributed in select hotels and stores and can hold up to 15 select Famicom releases at once, and had many more hardware lockout chips and pins with different behavior than usual (it also only supported cartridges using memory mapper 0). Sports a unique boot screen for both models released.
+Also re-released later as Sharp's FamicomStation. The hybrid NES/Famicom arcade box [http://famicomworld.com/system/other/famicombox/ Nintendo Famicom Box] is a bulky metal cube with a slot to insert money and secured with tons of locks. The hotel would set the amount of time you could play on one token and choose the available games. You can see it in action in season 18 of [http://www.gamingcx.com/ Game Center CX]. It was distributed in select hotels and stores and can hold up to 15 select Famicom releases at once. It had many more hardware lockout chips and pins with different behavior than usual (it also only supported cartridges using memory mapper 0). Sports a unique boot screen for both models released.
-Neither the cartridges nor the BIOS has been dumped or tested with an emulator, unlike the Super Famicom Box (which has had both its BIOS' and most of its ROMs dumped).
+Neither the cartridges nor the BIOS has been dumped or tested with an emulator, unlike the Super Famicom Box (which has had both its BIOSes and most of its ROMs dumped).
 ===Dendy===
-A pirate NES Famicom clone which was sold in Russia and Eastern Europe, with the blueprint later reused for other Famiclones. Here's [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kne6AKyYUuM a link] to a CC-subtitled Kinaman video for more details. It's a very quirky NTSC NES optimized for 50Hz, with many other changes from the official PAL NES as well- through these differences often break the compatibility of Dendy-specific releases on most emulators.
+A pirate NES Famicom clone that was sold in Russia and Eastern Europe, with the blueprint later reused for other Famiclones. Here's [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kne6AKyYUuM a link] to a CC-subtitled Kinaman video for more details. It's a very quirky NTSC NES optimized for 50 Hertz, with many other changes from the official PAL NES as well. Though these differences often break the compatibility of Dendy-specific releases on most emulators.
 MESS supports this console, and some other emulators (such as Mesen, puNES, and FCEUX) have introduced support for it, as well as support for iNES 2.0 ROM headers (including the option to mark a ROM region as PAL Dendy). The cartridges themselves can still be played as long as the emulator supports broken carts.
@@ Line 746: / Line 1,060: @@
 Differences between VTxx series chips and regular NES could be checked on [https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/VTxx NesDev Wiki].
-VTxx is often being used in those low-quality plug & play consoles, or keyboard-shaped so-called educational computers.
+VTxx is often used in those low-quality, plug & play consoles or keyboard-shaped, so-called educational computers.
-V.R technology provides an emulator called [http://www.vrt.com.tw/download.htm EmuVT] as official development & debugging tool, which supports the emulation of multiple kinds of VTxx series chips, and seems to be modded out of an old emulator called [https://web.archive.org/web/20110317151619/http://www.emulation9.com/nnnesterj/ NNNesterJ].
+V.R Technology provides an emulator called [http://www.vrt.com.tw/download.htm EmuVT] as official development & debugging tool, which supports the emulation of multiple kinds of VTxx series chips. It seems to be modded out of an old emulator called [https://web.archive.org/web/20110317151619/http://www.emulation9.com/nnnesterj/ NNNesterJ].
 ===NES Classic Edition===
 {{main|wikipedia:NES Classic Edition}}
 The NES Classic Edition is a mini console that emulates the experience of the Nintendo Entertainment System. It includes 30 classic NES games and is compatible with the Wii Classic Controller and NES Classic Edition controller.
-Nintendo produced and sold about 2.3 million NES Classic Editions from November 2016 through April 2017, with shipments selling out nearly immediately. In April 2017, Nintendo announced they were discontinuing the product, leading to consumer confusion, and incidents of greatly increased pricing among private sellers. Due to the demand of the NES Classic, and the success of the Super NES Classic Edition console, Nintendo re-introduced the NES Classic on June 29, 2018. Production was discontinued again in December 2018.
+Nintendo produced and sold about 2.3 million NES Classic Editions from November 2016 through April 2017, with shipments selling out nearly immediately. In April 2017, Nintendo announced they were discontinuing the product, leading to consumer confusion and incidents of greatly increased pricing among private sellers. Due to the demand for the NES Classic and the success of the Super NES Classic Edition console, Nintendo re-introduced the NES Classic on June 29, 2018. Production was discontinued again in December 2018.
 ==Resources==
 *[http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Nesdev_Wiki Nesdev Wiki] - A place for all your NES programming/NES emulator programming needs.
 *[http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?t=2818 Nesdev Forum] - Discussion of NES Wii Virtual Console accuracy.
+*[http://rec0ded88.com/play-nes-games Rec0deD:88] - Play a NES emulator.
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
 {{Nintendo}}